表面完整性对FGH95合金高温疲劳性能的影响

金属构件的加工表面完整性状态对其整体疲劳性能具有显著影响。本工作研究了磨削、磨削+铸钢丸喷丸、磨削+陶瓷丸喷丸和磨削+复合喷丸4种表面加工集成方法对FGH95合金高周疲劳性能的影响规律。采用表面粗糙度仪、X射线残余应力测试仪和显微硬度计分别对不同复合加工方法试样的表面粗糙度、表面残余应力分布和硬度梯度等表面完整性参数进行了表征;采用旋转弯曲疲劳试验机测试了缺口(应力集中系数Kt=1.7)试样的旋转弯曲疲劳,研究不同表面完整性状态对缺口试样高温疲劳寿命的影响规律。结果表明:相对磨削,磨削+铸钢丸喷丸、磨削+陶瓷丸喷丸和磨削+复合喷丸三种方法均可显著提高试样的高温疲劳寿命;其中,磨削+复合喷丸方法获得了最优的表面残余应力场、硬度梯度、表面粗糙度和高温疲劳寿命增益效果。     

基于漏斗试样的C250钢高温扭转低周疲劳行为

C250钢的扭转疲劳破坏是其主要失效形式之一。为了获得航空材料C250钢的扭转疲劳特性,并消除等直圆棒试样在扭转试验中产生的弊端,依据漏斗试样完成了C250钢在3种高温(150、200、350℃)环境下的扭转低周疲劳试验,获得了在扭转低周疲劳下的扭矩-名义扭转角曲线。基于试验结果,利用FAT方法分析得到了C250钢在3种高温环境下的材料循环本构关系,利用该循环本构关系对漏斗试样进行三维扭转有限元分析,获得漏斗根部剪切应力与扭矩之间的转换公式及漏斗根部剪切应变与名义扭转角之间的转换公式。基于以上试验与分析方法,得到了材料的剪切应变幅-倍循环次数曲线、剪切应力幅-循环分数曲线以及剪切应力-剪切应变的稳定滞回线,发现材料呈现出循环软化特性,并基于Manson-Coffin模型对材料寿命进行了分析。     

加工表面完整性对GH33A高低周疲劳寿命的影响

 <正> 切削加工表面完整性,如表面粗糙度、表面残余应力和表面加工硬化,对高温合金零构件的疲劳性能有很大影响。以往主要集中于对高周应力控制疲劳影响的研究,然而,实际应用中许多零构件都需要有关应变控制低周疲劳性能的试验数据。“在航空发动机结构完整性研究”中就提出了加工表面完整性对涡轮盘低周疲劳寿命影响的研究。为此,本文研究了GH33A高温合金在常、高温条件下,不同加工表面质量对其高周和低周疲劳寿命的影响,以便为新型发动机涡轮盘的设计提供依据。     

超高强度钢的喷丸强化

总结了航空常用超高强度钢0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al,30CrMnSiNi2,16Co14Ni10Cr2MoA和40CrNi2Si2MoVA喷丸强化所产生的残余压应力场特征,研究了喷丸所造成的表面粗糙度和表面残余应力等表面完整性变化,初步定性探讨了超高强度钢喷丸强化后表面完整性的改善及其对疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,喷丸可显著提高疲劳寿命和有效提高疲劳极限,而且对某一给定材料而言存在一个最佳的喷丸规范.     

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace, national defense, energy and precision physical experiments. However, the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools. In this paper, an elliptical vibration cutting (EVC) with active cutting edge shift (ACES) based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool. Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge, the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed. Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted. The evolutions of the surface roughness, surface topography, and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed. The reasonable parameters of ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined. It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography. The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge, so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed. A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter ∅240 mm, height 122 mm, and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method, and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2 μm and Ra less than 50 nm, respectively.     

加工工艺对7075 铝合金紧固孔表面质量的影响

为确定最佳制孔工艺、获得理想表面特性,从表面完整性和疲劳寿命角度对7075铝合金飞机紧固孔表面质量进行了实验性和数值仿真研究.通过比较常规多步制孔和钻扩铰一步复合工艺(Winslow),发现钻扩铰多步慢进给工艺(DBM)和Winslow所产生的表面具有较小的Ra值,较少的加工缺陷、较大的残余压应力及较高的疲劳强度,而后者的Ra值低于前者60％,疲劳寿命高于前者23％;基于实验数据,建立了切削参数对表面粗糙度和残余应力影响的经验公式;应用数值仿真分析了加工过程中应变和切削温度的变化规律;探讨了Winslow工艺的强化机理;指出适当减少进给量、增加切削速度能够提高紧固孔的表面质量.     

基于塑性应变能的中低周疲劳概率寿命模型

由于材料、尺寸以及载荷等的分散性,涡轮盘疲劳寿命存在较大的分散性。在充分考虑材料加卸载应力、应变及应力比对疲劳寿命影响的基础上,提出了一种适用于中低周疲劳的塑性应变能概率寿命模型。该模型在考虑材料、尺寸和载荷等导致寿命分散的因素的基础上,重点考虑了循环应力应变曲线的分散性,结合根据应力比的二次插值,获得了插值范围内任意应力比下的塑性应变能损伤参量与疲劳寿命的关系。运用所提概率寿命模型结合响应面法与蒙特卡洛法对某涡轮盘螺栓孔模拟试件进行了概率寿命分析。结果显示,模拟试件的计算结果与试验结果的中位寿命仅相差022%,寿命分散系数相差581%,说明本概率寿命模型概率寿命预估精度高。      

1Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢疲劳性能研究

采用真空感应加电渣重熔冶炼技术生产的1Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢，其冶金质量和全面性能较以前相比均有很大提高。通过对1Cr18Ni10Ti棒材样品疲劳断口的研究分析表明，材料的疲劳性能与冶金质量、内部组织结构、试件表面完整性有关。改变热处理制度能显著提高材料的疲劳寿命，在其他条件相同的情况下，样品的表面完整性对疲劳寿命有很大影响。在试验过程中发现，疲劳裂纹源多为机加工留在表面的刀痕、划痕。     

考虑表面加工状态的粉末盘低循环疲劳寿命分析

分析了表面加工状态对疲劳性能的影响,建立了基于Manson Coffin公式考虑表面加工状态的低循环疲劳寿命分析方法。分析不考虑与考虑表面加工状态某FGH96粉末合金盘的低循环疲劳寿命,分析结果表明:表面加工状态对低循环疲劳寿命的影响程度为30%～40%。完成了某FGH96粉末合金盘的低循环疲劳寿命试验,试验结果表明:不考虑表面加工状态的预测寿命分散度大,考虑表面加工状态的预测寿命分散度小。      

难加工材料缓进给磨削加工表面完整性的试验研究

 利用X射线应力仪、显微硬度计、俄歇电子能谱仪、扫描电镜和金相显微镜系统地研究了难加工材料缓进给磨削的表面完整性,讨论了表面粗糙度、冷作硬化、残余应力及其分布、表面层元素的分布以及试件的疲劳性能。 试验表明,缓进给磨削的表面完整性优于铣削和普通磨削。     

Investigation on surface integrity of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4 V by precision grinding and electropolishing

Electron beam melting (EBM), as an excellent Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, enables the printing of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy for a wide range of applications such as aerospace and biomechanical industries. It improves functionality and integrity of components and negates complexities in assembly processes. However, due to the poor surface and sub-surface integrity represented by the rough surface finish and low dimensional accuracy, achieving a favorable surface condition is quite challenging. Therefore, post processing becomes essential for these electron beam melted (EBM-ed) Ti-6Al-4 V alloys. Being the most common technique to improve such parts, milling of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy is very challenging and resulting tool wear issues, due to its unique material properties. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive study on the surface integrity of EBM-ed Ti-6Al-4 V parts processed by precision grinding and electropolishing, aiming to qualitatively and quantitatively clarify the interrelation between process parameters and processed surface quality. The surface and subsurface characteristics such as profile accuracy, surface roughness, microstructure, defective layer and residual stress before and after post processing were compared and evaluated. The results show that by precision grinding, the profile accuracy was improved from over 300 µm PV to 7 µm PV, while surface roughness (R_a) was reduced from 30 µm to about 2 µm. The layer with partially melt particles was removed, but introduced a deformed subsurface layer with more residual stress. Then by applying electropolishing, the residual stress was released and the deformed layer was removed. In addition, R_a was further reduced to 0.65 µm. The research can serve as a reference for the integration of post machining processes with AM.     

Influences of milling and grinding on machined surface roughness and fatigue behavior of GH4169 superalloy workpieces

Surface topography of superalloy GH4169 workpieces machined by milling and grinding is different significantly. Meanwhile, surface roughness, as one of the main indicators of machined surface integrity, has a great influence on the fatigue behavior of workpieces. Based on analyzing the formation mechanism and characteristics of surface roughness utilizing different machining processes and parameters, the machined surface roughness curve can be decoupled into two parts utilizing frequency spectrum analysis, which are kinematic surface roughness curve and stochastic surface roughness curve. The kinematic surface roughness curve is influenced by machining process,parameters, geometry of the cutting tool or wheel, the maximum height of which is expressed as R'_z.By subtracting the kinematic part from the measurement curve, the stochastic surface roughness curve and its maximum height R'_zcan be obtained, which is influenced by the defects of cutting tool edge or abrasive grains, built-up edges(BUE), cracks, high frequency vibration and so on. On the other hand, the results of decoupling analysis of surface roughness curves indicate that Raand Rz values of milling GH4169 are 2–5 times and 1–3 times as high as those of grinding, while R'_zvalue of milling is 13.85%–37.7% as high as that of grinding. According to the results of fatigue life tests of specimens machined by milling and grinding, it can be concluded that fatigue behavior of GH4169 decreases with the increase of R'_zmonotonically, even utilizing different machining processes.     

40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢机械加工与喷丸试样旋转弯曲疲劳寿命的预测方法

为了预测机械加工及喷丸强化后40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢试样在室温下的旋转弯曲疲劳寿命,结合商用有限元软件ABAQUS和疲劳寿命分析软件FE-SAFE对不同数值计算方法的适用性及准确性进行比较,提出了喷丸强化40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢的寿命预测经验公式。结果表明:对于机械加工试样,选择"Brown-Miller"算法和表面残余应力用于计算可获得比较准确的预测结果;对于喷丸强化试样,高应力水平下也可选用"Brown-Miller"算法及表面残余应力,而低应力水平下则应改用"Stress-based Brown Miller"算法及最大残余应力。基于上述两种方法提出的经验公式:σmax=–64.378·lgN+1449.268,可改善40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢喷丸强化试样疲劳寿命预测的准确性。     

Ironing effect on surface integrity and fatigue behavior during ultrasonic peening drilling of Ti-6Al-4V

Imposing compressive residual stress field around a fastening hole serves as a universal method to enhance the hole fatigue strength in the aircraft assembly filed. Ultrasonic Peening Drilling (UPD) is a recently proposed hybrid hole making process, which can achieve an integration of strengthening and precision-machining with a one-shot-drilling operation. Due to the ironing effect of tool flank surface, UPD introduces large compressive residual stress filed in hole subsurface. In order to reveal the strengthening mechanism of UPD, the influence of ultrasonic vibration and tool dynamic relief angle on ironing coverage rate and its corresponding effect on surface integrity in UPD were analyzed. The experiments were conducted to verify the influence of ironing effect on surface integrity and fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V hole in UPD. The results indicate that the specimen features smaller surface roughness, higher micro-hardness, plastic deformation degree and circumferential compress residual stress under higher ironing coverage rate. The fatigue life increases with the raise of ironing coverage rate, and the fatigue source site in UPD shifts from surface to subsurface comparing with that without vibration assistance. The results demonstrates that a better strengthening effect can be obtained by reasonably controlling the ironing coverage rate in UPD.     

球轴承接触疲劳寿命预估的损伤力学-有限元法

以线弹性力学及连续损伤力学为基础,构建球轴承接触疲劳的损伤演化方程。利用轴承钢GCr15扭转疲劳试验数据拟合得到损伤演化方程中的材质参数。通过该方程预估轴承钢GCr15的扭转疲劳寿命,其结果与试验数据吻合。采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件仿真得到6206球轴承的接触应力分布并分析了6206球轴承最大接触应力区。根据6206球轴承的载荷及应力应变状态将最大接触应力区简化为二维平面应力模型。在此基础上预估了6206球轴承的接触疲劳寿命。设计并进行了6206球轴承疲劳强化试验。轴承接触疲劳剥落都萌生于内圈,与应力仿真分析结果相契合。三个试验轴承的试验与预估接触疲劳寿命的相对误差分别为29.52%、3.03%和51.16%,验证了接触疲劳寿命预估方法的有效性。研究表明采用损伤力学预估球轴承的接触疲劳寿命是工程中可行且实用的方法。      

钛合金加工表面完整性的研究现状与展望

钛合金作为航空发动机等高端装备零部件的关键材料,具有良好的高比强度、优异的抗腐蚀性与超强的断裂韧性与疲劳性能.作为典型的航空难加工材料,钛合金在制造过程中引起的表面完整性对其服役性能与可靠性有着至关重要的影响.为此,从切削加工、磨削加工、复合加工与特种加工4个工艺角度对钛合金制造过程中表面完整性的研究现状进行详细阐述....     

新型高温渗碳不锈航空齿轮钢齿轮的弯曲疲劳失效机理

以新型高温渗碳不锈航空齿轮钢圆柱齿轮为研究对象,采用国标GB/T 14230-1993规定的"B试验法"开展了齿轮弯曲疲劳试验,并对轮齿的断裂的失效机理进行了研究.分析结果发现存在三种造成轮齿断裂失效的诱因:表面碳化物、表面缺陷和内部碳化物.其中,表面碳化物对轮齿弯曲疲劳寿命的影响比内部碳化物和表面加工缺陷都要严重.当...     

Investigation on surface roughness,residual stress and fatigue property of milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al metal matrix composites

For higher efficiency and precision manufacturing, more and more attentions are focused on the surface roughness and residual stress of machined parts to obtain a good fatigue life. At present, the in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites are widely researched due to its attractive properties such as low density, good wear resistance and improved strength. It is of great significance to investigate the machined surface roughness, residual stress and fatigue life for higher efficiency and precision manufacturing of this new kind material. In this study, the surface roughness including two-dimensional and three-dimensional roughness, residual stress and fatigue life of milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites were analyzed. It was found from comparative investigation that the three-dimensional surface roughness would be more appropriate to represent the machined surface profile of milling particle reinforced metal matrix composites. The cutting temperature played a great role on the residual stress. However, the effect of increasing cutting force could slow down the transformation from compressive stress to tensile stress under 270 °C. An exponential relationship between three-dimensional roughness and fatigue life was established and the main fracture mechanism was brittle fracture with observation of obvious shellfish veins, river pattern veins and wave shaped veins in fracture surface.     

多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命估算方法

提出了一种多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命预测方法.通过雨流计数法对各平面上的剪应变进行循环计数,以统计出的剪应变循环作为多轴疲劳损伤的主要控制参数,将各剪应变循环历程内对应的最大正应力和正应变变程作为多轴疲劳损伤的第二控制参数.根据多轴疲劳寿命模型计算出各平面上的损伤,以最大损伤平面作为多轴随机疲劳的临界平面,通过该临界平面上的损伤计算出多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命.采用SNCM630钢,304不锈钢和S45C钢3种金属材料的多轴随机疲劳试验数据对提出的寿命预测方法进行评估和验证.结果表明:疲劳寿命预测结果大都分布在试验结果的2倍分散带之内.     

Surface integrity and fatigue behavior when turning γ-TiAl alloy with optimized PVD-coated carbide inserts

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on the effects of tool and turning parameters on surface integrity and fatigue behavior in turning c-Ti Al alloy. The wear of inserts surface, cutting forces, and surface roughness were studied to optimize PVD-coated carbide inserts.Surface topography, residual stresses, microhardness, and microstructure were analyzed to characterize the surfaces layer under different turning parameters. Surface integrity and fatigue life tests of c-Ti Al alloy were conducted under turning and turning-polishing processes. The results show that compared to CNMG120412-MF4, CNMG120408-SM is more suitable because it obtained low cutting force, surface roughness, and tool wear. With increasing the cutting speed and depth, the depths of the compressive residual stress layer, hardening layer, and plastic deformation layer increased. For turning and turning-polishing specimens, the compressive residual stress was relaxed by less than 20%–30% after 10~7 cycles. The fatigue life of a turning-polishing specimen with R_a= 0.15 mm has increased 3 times from that of a turning specimen with R_a= 0.43 mm.