复杂动力学模型下星载天线跟瞄控制技术研究

针对星载天线动力学复杂这一问题,从天线系统刚柔耦合动力学建模、指向跟踪控制以及振动抑制等方面研究了柔性星载运动部件的指向控制方法。首先,通过描述系统几何拓扑关系建立系统运动学方程,从而简化动力学建模过程;之后,利用假设模态法,对天线反射面挠性进行建模;最后,将拉格朗日方程与挠性关节模型相结合,从而建立了星载天线非线性刚柔耦合动力学模型。在以上复杂动力学建模的基础上,采用分层设计的思路进行了控制策略设计：先运用基于计算力矩法的滑模控制器得到不考虑挠性关节的耦合控制律,从而保证卫星基体的稳定性以及天线挠性反射面的振动抑制;再使用反步法对挠性关节进行控制,实现对天线反射面的指向精度控制。最后,讨论了动力学参数不确定性对系统跟踪指向控制的影响并采用数学仿真的方式验证了相关动力学模型与控制算法。仿真结果表明该方法能较好地实现对星载天线的指向跟踪控制以及振动抑制,提高星载天线的动态指向精度。     

Adaptive predefined-time control for liquid-filled flexible spacecraft attitude stabilization during orbit maneuver

A predefined-time attitude stabilization for complex structure spacecraft with liquid sloshing and flexible vibration is investigated under input saturation during orbital maneuver. First, the attitude dynamics model of liquid-filled flexible spacecraft is constructed. Meanwhile, the influence of solar panel vibration and liquid sloshing is treated as a disturbance in the controller design. Next, an adaptive predefined-time control scheme is proposed by applying sliding mode control theory. A predefined-time convergent sliding surface and reaching law are designed to ensure the predefined-time fast convergence rate. Furthermore, a novel adaptive algorithm is developed to handle the disturbances from liquid sloshing and flexible vibration, ensuring that the system converges to a small neighborhood of the equilibrium. Additionally, a new auxiliary system is constructed to deal with the effects of input saturation. At last, one simulation case is performed to verify the feasibility and advantages of the proposed algorithm.     

应用分力合成方法提高系统性能指标的研究

提出了将柔性结构的分力合成主动振动抑制方法和反馈控制律结合使用来提高柔性结构控制系统性能指标的方法。应用该方法仅需要知道闭环系统及柔性振动的频率及阻尼，而且可以同时抑制任意多个振动模态（包括控制器引起的振动，柔性振动及其他形式的振动），分力合成方法对频率及阻尼的不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性，使该方法易于工程实现，文章针对单柔性杆，将分力合成主动振动抑制方法和反馈控制相结合，设计了不同形式的大角度机动控制律，数值仿真和试验结果充分验证了方法的有效性。     

挠性航天器退步自适应姿态机动及主动振动控制

针对带有分布式压电陶瓷执行机构的挠性航天器姿态机动与主动振动控制问题,提出了一种退步直接自适应一体化控制方法.首先,建立了挠性航天器姿态机动与主动振动控制的模型,并分析了动力学子系统的近似严格正实性;然后,采用退步直接自适应控制方法,设计了挠性航天器的姿态机动主动振动控制器,并证明了控制闭环系统的稳定性;最后,进行了不同仿真条件下的数学仿真验证.理论分析与数学仿真结果表明,该控制方法不依赖航天器参数,对系统参数不确定性具有强鲁棒性,能有效抑制挠性附件的振动,对挠性航天器的控制是有效的.     

基于双环滑模控制的直/气复合控制系统设计

直/气复合控制导弹具有强干扰、强非线性以及强耦合等特点,传统的姿态控制器难以适用于该种复杂干扰并存的情况,文章提出了基于双环滑模控制的直/气复合控制器。首先采用有限时间收敛趋近律分别构造内外环滑模控制器,并将角速度回路的滑模变量量化为直接力指令,以解决空气舵与姿控发动机之间的耦合问题。接着使用非线性扩张状态观测器估计综合干扰,从而设计控制器补偿侧向喷流干扰及模型不确定性等综合干扰的影响。然后基于李雅普诺夫方法证明了控制系统闭环稳定,分析了干扰补偿对控制器收敛域的影响。最后仿真结果表明,该方法跟踪速度快,动态过程平稳,具有较强的干扰抑制能力,具有很强的鲁棒性。     

Fault tolerant small satellite attitude control using adaptive non-singular terminal sliding mode

The Attitude Control System (ACS) plays a pivotal role in the whole performance of the spacecraft on the orbit; therefore, it is vitally important to design the control system with the performance of rapid response, high control precision and insensitive to external perturbations. In the first place, this paper proposes two adaptive nonlinear control algorithms based on the sliding mode control (SMC), which are designed for small satellite attitude control system. The nonlinear dynamics describing the attitude of small satellite is considered in a circle reference orbit, and the stability of the closed-loop system in the presence of external perturbations is investigated. Then, in order to account for accidental or degradation fault in satellite actuators, the fault-tolerant control schemes are presented. Hence, two adaptive fault-tolerant control laws (continuous sliding mode control and non-singular terminal sliding mode control) are developed by adopting the nonlinear analytical model to describe the system, which can guarantee global asymptotic convergence of the attitude control error with the existence of unknown external perturbations. The nonlinear hyperplane based Terminal sliding mode is introduced into the control law design; therefore, the system convergence performance improves and the control error is convergent in “finite time”. As a result, the study on the non-singular terminal sliding mode control is the emphasis and the continuous sliding mode control is used to compare with the non-singular terminal sliding mode control. Meanwhile, an adaptive fuzzy algorithm has been proposed to suppress the chattering phenomenon. Moreover, several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controllers by correcting for the external perturbations. Simulation results confirm that the suggested methodologies yield high control precision in control. In addition, actuator degradation, actuator stuck and actuator failure for a period of time are simulated to demonstrate the fault recovery capability of the fault tolerant controllers. The numerical results clearly demonstrate the good performance of the adaptive non-singular terminal control in the event of actuator fault compare with the continuous sliding mode control.     

一种柔性可展桁架结构的主动振动抑制技术

针对柔性可展桁架结构的主动振动抑制问题,提出一种采用作动执行机构的主动振动控制方法。首先基于模态综合方法建立智能柔性可展桁架结构的动力学模型,然后采用动态滑模控制律设计了主动振动控制器,并基于遗传算法对作动执行机构的布局配置进行优化,最后通过数学仿真验证,仿真结果表明了方法的有效性。     

柔性卫星大角度机动的自适应模糊变结构控制

针对柔性卫星大角度机动过程中多种模态的强耦合非线性动力学控制问题,提出了一种自适应模糊变结构姿态控制方法.首先利用拉格朗日方程建立了带柔性附件卫星的动力学模型,然后设计变结构控制器使得系统状态能在有限时间内到达滑模面,并采用自适应模糊系统逼近系统所存在的耦合非线性项.为了削弱变结构控制项所带来的抖动,避免激发柔性附件的高频模态,采用边界层方法来代替开关项,并通过模糊规则表的方法确定边界层的厚度.仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方法既实现了柔性卫星高精度姿态控制,也保证了卫星大角度机动过程中柔性附件弹性模态的有效抑制,系统对各种干扰具有一定的鲁棒性.      

Space-based line-of-sight tracking control of GEO target using nonsingular terminal sliding mode

This paper addresses the issue of high-precision line-of-sight (LOS) tracking of geosynchronous earth orbit target in highly dynamic conditions via spacecraft attitude maneuver. First, characteristics of the LOS motion are analyzed by a simplified linear relative motion model. Second, after transforming the quaternion-based attitude model into a double integrator system, a new nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is proposed for spacecraft attitude tracking in a nominal case without parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. Third, an adaptive new nonsingular terminal mode controller is proposed for spacecraft attitude tracking in an uncertain case, which is done via constructing a pair of adaptive laws to estimate the parametric uncertainties and external disturbances online. The robust stability and finite time convergence property of the closed-loop system are demonstrated by Lyapunov theorem. Under control of the proposed controller, zero steady state error tracking of LOS with a smooth transition phase can be achieved in scheduled time, regardless of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances online. Finally, detailed numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed controllers. Contrasting simulation results shows that proposed controllers can track the desired trajectories effectively and have better performance against the controllers based on linear sliding mode and the existing fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode.     

Neural network-based sliding mode control for atmospheric-actuated spacecraft formation using switching strategy

This paper presents an adaptive neural networks-based control method for spacecraft formation with coupled translational and rotational dynamics using only aerodynamic forces. It is assumed that each spacecraft is equipped with several large flat plates. A coupled orbit-attitude dynamic model is considered based on the specific configuration of atmospheric-based actuators. For this model, a neural network-based adaptive sliding mode controller is implemented, accounting for system uncertainties and external perturbations. To avoid invalidation of the neural networks destroying stability of the system, a switching control strategy is proposed which combines an adaptive neural networks controller dominating in its active region and an adaptive sliding mode controller outside the neural active region. An optimal process is developed to determine the control commands for the plates system. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by a Lyapunov-based method. Comparative results through numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of executing attitude control while maintaining the relative motion, and higher control accuracy can be achieved by using the proposed neural-based switching control scheme than using only adaptive sliding mode controller.     

柔性关节空间机器人基于柔性补偿的模糊鲁棒滑模控制及柔性振动主动抑制

针对参数不确定的漂浮基柔性关节空间机器人系统,研究了其动力学建模过程、运动控制律设计及柔性振动的主动抑制.利用系统动量、动量矩守恒关系和拉格朗日方程建立了系统的动力学方程.为克服传统奇异摄动法仅适用于关节弱柔性系统这一局限性,设计了柔性补偿项来等效提高空间机器人系统中柔性关节的刚度.在此基础上,利用奇异摄动法将系统分解为相互独立的慢变子系统和快变子系统,并分别进行控制律设计.所设计的慢变子系统模糊鲁棒滑模控制律可补偿系统中的不确定参数,减小柔性关节引起的转角传动误差,实现系统期望运动轨迹的渐近跟踪;快变子系统控制律可主动抑制柔性关节引起的系统柔性振动.仿真实验结果证明了该混合控制律的有效性.      

挠性航天器智能模糊控制算法

针对挠性航天器滑模变结构姿态控制器控制力矩的高频抖振问题,提出一种挠性航天器智能模糊控制算法。该算法使用模糊控制算法对航天器控制参数进行模糊化智能处理,能够有效改善控制器控制力矩的高频抖振问题。首先将模糊控制算法与滑模控制算法结合,根据切换面趋近律系数模糊化处理;然后应用连续饱和函数代替符号函数设计姿态控制器;最后通过算法到达滑模面的程度调整边界层厚度,在保证控制力矩不发生抖振情况的同时有效控制滑模面边界层的厚度。仿真结果证明,提出的智能模糊控制算法能够有效改善挠性航天器控制力矩的高频抖振问题,同时可以加快挠性航天器低阶模态振动曲线的收敛速度。     

挠性空间结构振动的独立模态空间最优控制方法

针对大型挠性空间结构的特性,考虑在独立模态空间内进行控制,设计模态滤波器,对从物理空间采集到的模态信息进行预滤波处理;设计模态观测器,从模态加速度中获取模态位移和模态速度;其次,利用独立模态空间理论中各阶模态相互独立解耦的特性,设计了基于最优控制的独立模态空间控制器;在此基础上,考虑外部干扰信号作用下,设计了基于模态滤波器的 次优控制器,构成了一个完整的挠性空间结构闭环主动振动控制系统。对简化的桁架和单翼帆板结构振动控制进行了仿真验证,结果表明：两种控制器均能使振动得到有效抑制,相比传统比例积分微分控制器最大振幅减小约一半,且具有一定的抗干扰能力。     

Robust H∞ controller design for attitude stabilization of flexible spacecraft with input constraints

This paper addresses the attitude stabilization and vibration suppression problem for flexible spacecraft subject to model parameter uncertainty, controller perturbations, external disturbances and input constraints. The attitude model of flexible spacecraft is described and converted into a state space form in terms of passive and active vibration suppression schemes. A novel state feedback controller is proposed based on the exactly available expectation of a new variable, which is introduced to model a randomly occurring controller gain perturbation. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions for the existence of the nonfragile H_∞ controller considering input constraints are given based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) in terms of additive perturbation and multiplicative perturbation. Then, the developed controller subject to required constraints can be obtained, where the nonfragile property is fully considered to improve the tolerance to uncertainties in the controller. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy in attitude stabilization and vibration suppression, where it should be noted that the passive vibration suppression scheme is superior for high natural frequencies while the active vibration suppression scheme is superior for low natural frequencies. Moreover, the low natural frequencies have more influence on the performance of attitude stabilization and vibration suppression.     

基于终端滑模控制的四旋翼无人机编队控制

本文以四旋翼无人机为研究对象,基于终端滑模控制技术,实现了四旋翼无人机系统的编队飞行控制。在构建四旋翼无人机数学模型的基础上,为每架四旋翼无人机设计了广义误差状态,基于广义误差状态提出编队控制目标。为实现编队控制目标,设计了基于终端滑模控制的编队控制器,最终所有四旋翼无人机的广义误差状态收敛到零时即实现期望的编队队形,进一步结合有限时间稳定性理论给出了上述编队控制器有限时间稳定性证明。最后用一个仿真实例验证了所提出算法的有效性,并将本文提出的控制器与基于线性滑模控制的控制器进行对比,实验证明所提出的控制算法具有更好的编队控制效果。     

Spin deployment of Hub-Spoke tethered satellite formation with sliding mode tether tension control

This work develops a tension control strategy for deploying an underactuated spin-stable tethered satellite formation in the hub-spoke configuration. First, the Lagrange equation is used to model the spin-deployment dynamics of the tethered satellite formation. The central spacecraft is modeled as a rigid body, and the tethered subsatellites are simplified as lumped masses. Second, a pure tension controller has been proposed to suppress the tether libration motion in the deployment without thrusting at the subsatellites. A nonlinear sliding mode control is introduced in the tension controller for the underactuated system to suppress the periodic gravitational perturbations caused by the spinning hub-spoke tethered satellite formation. The unknown upper bounds of the perturbations are estimated by adaptive control law. The bounded stability of the closed-loop tension controller has been proved by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulations validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller, i.e., tethers are fully deployed stably to the desired hub-spoke configuration.     

基于航天器复杂动力学模型的鲁棒H_∞振动抑制算法

现代大型航天器柔性越来越大,为了获得更好的姿态控制性能,需要主动振动抑制.鲁棒Η∞是一种正在走向工程应用的控制器设计方法,DGKF解析法,线形矩阵不等式LMI数值法,定阶Η∞范数优化法是3种重要的算法.本文对国际空间站俄罗斯舱的有限元模型提出了振动抑制的Η∞综合问题,分别用3种算法求解鲁棒Η∞控制器.基于DGKF法的全阶次优控制器,存在零极点对消,而基于LMI法的51控制器光滑,能有效抑制零极点对消,但LMI法不是一种优化算法,两种控制器降阶为2阶时,Η∞性能衰退大于80%.基于定阶法的2阶控制器和PI控制器具有与DGKF全阶控制器相近的Η∞性能,鲁棒性分析和扰动抑制的时域仿真验证了上述结论.     

基座与臂杆全弹性空间机器人的有限时间控制

探讨了基座、臂杆全弹性影响下,基于有限时间的漂浮基空间机器人系统轨迹跟踪以及柔性抑振问题.由于弹性基座与两柔性杆之间存在多重动力学耦合关系,此系统为高度非线性系统.将弹性基座与臂杆间的连接视为线性弹簧,利用拉格朗日第二类方程并结合假设模态法,推导出该系统的动力学模型;应用奇异摄动理论的两种时间尺度假设,将系统分解为表示刚性运动的慢变子系统和表示基座弹性、双柔杆振动的快变子系统.针对慢变子系统,设计了一种基于名义模型的有限时间控制器,保证完成刚性期望轨迹跟踪.设计的积分式滑模面具有有限时间收敛特性,比传统渐近收敛控制方法具有更快的收敛速度和更强的鲁棒性;对于快变子系统,采用线性二次型最优控制同时抑制弹性基座与两柔性杆的振动.Lyapunov理论证明了所提控制算法能使跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛到原点.仿真验证了控制方法的有效性.     

Adaptive sliding mode control of spacecraft attitude-orbit dynamics on SE(3)

In this paper, to solve the problem of parameters uncertainty in spacecraft tracking control, an adaptive controller based on sliding mode is proposed for the relative spacecraft attitude-orbit dynamics on the Lie group SE(3). The dynamic equations of relative attitude orbit error for two spacecraft are established in the framework of Lie group SE(3). Considering the uncertainty of spacecraft parameters, a formal decomposition of known and unknown parameters, the state variables and control variables is firstly made in the original system. An online estimator is designed to evaluate the unknown parameters. A sliding mode controller is developed to actuate the spacecraft to track the target spacecraft. Then a Lyapunov function of tracking error and parameters estimated error is designed to prove the stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, the simulation results and analysis are presented to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.