复合材料动模量振动测定方法的研究

 本文采用Timoshenko梁理论,首次导出了悬臂梁和自由-自由梁自由端具有附加质量的特征方程,并进而讨论了多种因素对动模量计算值的影响。此外还提出了用弯曲振动确定剪切动模量G_(12)的一般方法。最后进行了实例分析和讨论。     

Stationary non-Gaussian random vibration control: A review

This paper presents a review of the various methods for the stationary non-Gaussian random vibration control. Random vibration tests can be divided, according to the number of exciters, in single-shaker tests and multiple-shaker tests. In the stationary non-Gaussian random vibration test, the time and frequency domain characteristics of the responses should be controlled independently and simultaneously. Skewness and kurtosis are usually selected as the non-Gaussian time control references (targets) while power spectral density is the frequency domain control procedure before it recalls the concepts of non-Gaussianity. Then, the generation of a one frame stationary non-Gaussian random signal for both the single and multiple shakers are reviewed. The commonly used methods for the single non-Gaussian random signal generation in the random vibration test are memoryless nonlinear transformation, phase modification and Filtered Poisson process. For the multiple-shaker case, the sequential phase modification and memoryless nonlinear transformation are used to generate one frame coupled multi-channel non-Gaussian random signal. In order to obtain a stationary and consecutive dynamic input, the time domain randomization procedure is introduced with high computational efficiency and its influences on the skewness and kurtosis are analyzed. Finally, two existing problems in the non-Gaussian random vibration control are addressed.     

涡扇发动机涡轮和机匣碰摩故障飞行试验研究

受装机空间限制,小涵道比涡扇发动机通常仅采用发动机振动值表征发动机的振动情况,无法准确对异常振动进行定位分析和排除。针对某台涡扇发动机在试飞中出现的发动机振动值异常现象,利用机载加装的应变片和振动传感器的测量数据,对故障现象进行了详细分析。结果表明:涡轮和机匣的碰摩导致发动机发动机振动值异常增大。总结了该型涡扇发动机涡轮和机匣碰摩中发动机振动值的发展趋势的特征,为迅速、准确定位后续飞行试验中的同类故障提供借鉴。     

航空发动机振动环境谱统计归纳方法及振动试验台复现

为满足航空发动机及机载产品研制过程贴近使用环境的振动考核试验需求,需根据发动机实测振动数据给出振动考核试验所需的输入谱图。依据GJB/Z 126-99中给出的环境测量数据归纳方法,建立了发动机实测振动环境谱统计归纳方法并通过程序实现。利用发动机多架次实测试飞振动数据统计归纳得到发动机测点位置的振动实测谱。基于能量等效及信号频域特征分布一致原则,将归纳得到的实测谱转化为可用于振动台输入的振动环境谱,并在振动台上进行了振动信号的复现试验。结果表明：振动台输出信号与发动机实测振动信号频域分布特征一致,在统计频率带宽范围内振动总量最大相差5.7%,证明了转化方法是合理的,为航空发动机机载设备贴近使用环境的振动考核试验方法提供了真实的输入谱图。     

固定式空中受油插头装置振动分析

飞机采用固定式空中受油装置后,可能引起飞机飞行过程中的振动,严重时危及飞机的飞行安全。本文通过受油装置固有频率的计算和地面振动试验确定其频率特性,利用激波和旋涡共振理论,对受油装置的振动问题进行了分析,为某型飞机的试飞工作提供了理论支持。经过飞行试验证明分析结果是正确的,本文提出的计算分析方法对分析飞机圆形、椭圆形突出物的振动问题有借鉴意义。     

弹性空腔流致噪声/结构振动特性试验

高速空腔中经常存在高强度且多频率分量的流致噪声,空腔噪声与结构振动之间耦合效应严重,甚至可能发生结构共振。为此,在0.6m×0.6m高速风洞中,通过调整空腔底板厚度,改变其结构固有频率,模拟空腔流致噪声/振动相互作用。利用脉动压力和振动加速度测试技术,获取亚跨声速条件下,弹性空腔流致噪声特性及其结构振动响应特性。马赫数变化范围为0.6~1.2。结果表明,当振动强度较弱时,结构振动对空腔噪声影响较小,而空腔噪声对结构振动影响较大,在噪声载荷主频位置,振动谱出现峰值并且噪声/振动相关性达到最强;此外,空腔结构振动还与其固有频率特性密切相关,振动主要以低阶模态为主。     

Nonlinear flutter wind tunnel test and numerical analysis of folding fins with freeplay nonlinearities

The flutter characteristics of folding control fins with freeplay are investigated by numerical simulation and flutter wind tunnel tests. Based on the characteristics of the structures, fins with different freeplay angles are designed. For a 0° angle of attack, wind tunnel tests of these fins are conducted, and vibration is observed by accelerometers and a high-speed camera. By the expansion of the connected relationships, the governing equations of fit for the nonlinear aeroelastic analysis are established by the free-interface component mode synthesis method. Based on the results of the wind tunnel tests, the flutter characteristics of fins with different freeplay angles are analyzed. The results show that the vibration divergent speed is increased, and the divergent speed is higher than the flutter speed of the nominal linear system. The vibration divergent speed is increased along with an increase in the freeplay angle. The developed free-interface component mode synthesis method could be used to establish governing equations and to analyze the characteristics of nonlinear aeroelastic systems. The results of the numerical simulations and the wind tunnel tests indicate the same trends and critical velocities.     

用于高速转子振动主动控制的智能变刚度支承系统

在主动变刚度理论的基础上,利用形状记忆合金(Shape Mem ory Alloys)作为驱动元件,设计了用于高速转子振动主动控制的智能变刚度支承系统。试验证明:利用该支承系统实现了主动变刚度控制转子振动理论。      

基于PSD的模型姿态角和振动测量技术原理性研究

为了适应风洞发展的需要,满足风洞测量技术精细化、多样化的要求,开展了基于位置敏感器件（PSD）技术的模型姿态角测量系统的原理性研究。对PSD探测头进行了详细设计,完成了姿态角测量试验平台和数据采集处理系统,并开展了初步的测量试验。通过原理性试验证明,测量系统的测量范围为-10°～10°,测量准确度为0.036°,测量精度为0.016°。还对系统应用于振动的测量进行了原理性的研究,获得了初步的研究数据。随着进一步的细化和精确度的进一步提高,基于PSD技术的模型姿态角测量系统在风洞模型的姿态和振动测量、姿态角测量机构的标定和检定、视频测量系统的相互验证等领域具有非常大的应用潜力。     

含裂纹叶片的失谐叶盘对航空发动机振动特性的影响

某型航空发动机装配有含裂纹叶片的失谐叶盘,基于该型发动机的性能试验,对其排气机匣振动数据进行分析,研究叶盘失谐对发动机转子动力学特性的影响.主要对比了叶盘裂纹长度与整机振动特性的关系,证明了裂纹不仅改变整机振动频率的成分组成,同时,主要频率成分的振动幅值也有较大增加.然而,当裂纹长度比小于0.3,整机振动对叶盘失谐并不敏感,这一论断为在发动机试验中及时判断叶片裂纹故障提供支持.      

QD128燃气轮机动力涡轮防振设计

分析了可能引起QD12 8燃气轮机动力涡轮振动超限的各种因素 ,着重阐述了设计中采用的各项相应的防振措施 ,简要介绍了整机试车时动力涡轮的振动情况     

某型航空发动机机载振动监测点选择

为给出某型航空发动机机载振动监测测振点较为合理的选择方案,基于转子支承和传力特点以及该型发动机实测振动信号的分析对比,定性和定量分析了各测点振动信号对于结构故障的反映和敏感程度。得出三个测振点能够比较真实客观地反映该型发动机的振动情况,但对于不同部件的振动敏感程度各测点又有所侧重的结论。即前测点主要反映低压压气机的振动;中测点综合反映高低压转子的振动,对以高压压气机为主导的组合故障反应更为敏感;后测点主要反映低压涡轮的振动,一定程度反映高压转子的振动,对以涡轮部件为主导的组合故障反应更为敏感。结合13台次故障发动机试车台振动测试超限报警结果的统计,给出了机载测振点较为合理的选择方案。若采用单点测振应重点考虑后测点,若采用两点测振应一个为前测点,一个为后测点。     

叶片振动实验实时数据采集系统及应用

整个振动信号高速实时采集与处理系统的设备可以分成三个部分:激振和拾振部件;数据采集部件;数据处理部件如图1示。激振部件主要是利用ZK—1型振动控制仪产生激励信号,再经激振放大器以及相应的电磁激振器来振动     

Aviation-oriented Micromachining Technology-Micro-ECM in Pure Water

This article proposes a precise and ecofriendly micromachining technology for aerospace application called electrochemical machining in pure water （PW-ECM）. On the basis of the principles of water dissociation, a series of test setups and tests are devised and performed under different conditions. These tests explain the need for technological conditions realizing PW-ECM, and further explore the technological principles. The results from the tests demonstrate a successful removal of electrolytic slime by means of ultrasonic vibration of the workpiece. To ensure the stability and reliability of PW-ECM process, a new combined machining method of PW-ECM assisted with ultrasonic vibration （PW-ECM/USV） is devised. Trilateral and square cavities and holes as well as a group of English alphabets are worked out on a stainless steel plate. It is confirmed that PW-ECM will be probably an efficient new aviation precision machining method.     

一种新的微细精密航空制造技术—纯水微细电解加工的工艺研究(英文)

为了寻求航空精密微细制造新技术并实现绿色制造和精密微细制造,对一种新型微细电解加工方法——纯水微细电解加工进行了研究。基于水解离机理,在新研制的试验装置上,采用不同的试验条件,进行了一系列工艺试验,探索并揭示了实现纯水微细电解加工的必要工艺条件和工艺规律,加工了圆孔和字母"PW-ECM";还研究了超声振动—纯水电解复合加工新方法,进而在不锈钢薄片上加工出三角、方形盲孔、三角通孔;试验研究结果证明了纯水微细电解加工的可行性。     

频率源振动对测速精度的影响

针对频率源振动会影响测速精度的问题,按照国军标车载设备的振动要求,对频率源振动带来的相位噪声进行仿真分析和实际测试。并以振动频率为5Hz为例,对10 MHz频率源进行测试计算得到相应短稳;然后计算频率源在静止和振动环境下的测速随机误差;最后通过比较得到频率源在振动时测速精度会恶化几个数量级的结果。建议在动中测速时,通过使用加速度灵敏度低的晶振,安装减震器,优化环路设计,采用数字补偿技术等措施以减少振动对测速精度的影响。     

Experimental study on transfer functions of an active rotor under different flight conditions

Vibrations impose negative impacts on the effectiveness and public acceptance of helicopters. Active rotors with trailing-edge flaps have been proved to be an effective way to actively eliminate helicopter vibrations. For the existing control algorithm based on offline system identification, the transfer functions of an active rotor under different flight conditions are pre-requisites to implement closed-loop vibration control. In this study, a three-bladed active rotor with improved trailing-edge flaps is designed, and wind-tunnel tests are conducted to identify the transfer functions of this active rotor using frequency sweep and phase sweep methods. The experimental results demonstrate that these transfer functions are insensitive to the variation of flight speeds: the amplitude of the transfer function varies slightly, while the phase delay almost remains unchanged. In addition, this finding is validated through closed-loop vibration control tests with the active rotor. The transfer function obtained from the hover test results is also applicable to closed-loop vibration control tests under the forward flight conditions. This will dramatically simplify the implementation and operation of an active rotor.     

An active vibration control method based on energy-fuzzy for cantilever structures excited by aerodynamic loads

In wind tunnel tests for the full-model fixed with sting, the low structural damping of the long cantilever sting results in destructive low-frequency and large-amplitude vibration. In order to obtain high-quality wind tunnel test data and ensure the safety of wind tunnel tests, an energy-fuzzy adaptive PD (Proportion Differentiation) control method is proposed. This method is used for active vibration control of a cantilever structure under variable aerodynamic load excitation, and real-time adjustment of parameters is achieved according to the system characteristics of vibration energy. Meanwhile, a real-time method is proposed to estimate the real-time vibration energy through the vibration acceleration signal, and the average exciting power of aerodynamic load is obtained by deducting the part of the power contributed by the vibration suppressor from the total power. Furthermore, an energy-fuzzy adaptive PD controller is proposed to achieve adaptive control to the changes of the aerodynamic load. Besides, the subsonic and transonic experiments were carried out in wind tunnel, the results revealed that comparing to fixed gain PD controllers, the energy-fuzzy adaptive PD controller maintains higher performance.     

Experimental research of active vibration and noise control of electrically controlled rotor

Electrically Controlled Rotor (ECR), also called as swashplateless rotor, applies blade pitch inputs via trailing-edge flaps system instead of traditional swashplate mechanism. In addition to primary control, rotor vibration reduction and noise alleviation are also achievable via applying higher harmonic control inputs with the trailing-edge flaps. In this paper, the feasibility of ECR to reduce vibration and noise actively is verified experimentally. Firstly, the test scheme of ECR active vibration and noise control is proposed, and the ECR test platform is modified according to the test scheme. Then, an adaptive control algorithm based on Kalman filter is developed. Lastly, hover and wind tunnel tests is performed to verify the feasibility of ECR active vibration and noise control. The results demonstrate that the ECR are effective for reducing rotor vibration and noise simultaneously. In the hover condition, the ECR can reduce the in-plane hub vibration by 42% and the in-plane noise by 4 dB. In wind tunnel condition, ECR can reduce the hub vibration by 75% and the BVI noise by 3 dB.     

某典型振动条件下发动机点火试验研究

以某飞行器主动段飞行故障中屡屡出现低频振动现象为背景,通过设计振动点火试验台,模拟空中飞行的振动环境,进行了低频振动条件下的发动机点火试验,研究了该低频振动对固体发动机药柱结构完整性、发动机内弹道性能以及燃烧室内绝热层烧蚀性能等的影响,研究结果初步证明,飞行过程中出现的低频振动不破坏发动机药柱的结构完整性,对发动机主要内弹道性能也不产生较大影响,但对振动方向上的推进剂燃速与绝热层的烧蚀率产生一定影响。该项研究可为相关的工程问题提供依据。