星型齿轮传动非线性动力学建模与动载荷研究

本文建立了星型齿轮传动的弯扭耦合非线性动力学计算模型,模型中考虑了原动机和负载惯性,齿轮副的啮合综合误差,齿轮的偏心误差,时变啮合刚度以及齿轮的啮合间隙。采用适当的广义坐标变换,将线性恢复力和非线性恢复力共存的动力学方程组统一成矩阵形式,用数值解法获得了在有间隙非线性的情况下受强参数激励和多频激励的系统的动态响应和动载荷历程。最后给出了一个算例,讨论了间隙、齿频误差和偏心误差对齿轮系统的响应、动载荷以及各星轮的载荷分配均匀性的影响。并研究了刚度和误差激励和间隙的相互耦合关系,得出了对星型齿轮传动设计和制造有意义的结论。      

基于Kriging模型和遗传算法的齿轮修形减振优化

针对齿轮修形优化时计算啮合刚度计算量大、计算精度低、操作繁琐等问题，提出一种基于Kriging模型和遗传算法的齿轮减振修形优化算法.以典型直齿轮传动为例开展齿轮修形优化，通过拉丁抽样建立Kriging模型，解决齿轮修形优化的多响应和隐式函数的问题，通过Kriging预测的啮合刚度与有限元法的对比可知，时变啮合刚度函数各参数的误差最大值为7.79×10-5,1.20×10-3及1.30×10-4，验证了Kriging多响应预测啮合刚度函数的精确性.将Kriging预测函数代入直齿轮啮合传动的动力学微分方程，采用遗传优化算法时将齿轮动态传动误差响应波动最小作为优化目标，得到最优的齿轮修形参数.算例表明:相比于ISO(International Standardization Organization)修形和未修形的齿轮，该算法的减振效果最好，验证了基于遗传算法与Kriging模型对齿轮进行修形优化的正确性、高效性.相比于直接采用有限元法进行齿轮修形优化，该算法计算时间由26.91d减小为2.24h，证明了该算法计算效率的优越性.      

节点外啮合齿轮胶合承载能力中平均摩擦因数的计算方法

分析了现有胶合承载能力计算中平均摩擦因数计算方法的不足之处,根据节点外啮合齿轮传动的啮合特点,以相关标准中渐开线圆柱齿轮的计算公式为基础,提出了一种更为合理且精度较高的平均摩擦因数计算方法,以满足节点外啮合齿轮胶合承载能力计算的需要.通过对内、外啮合副节点前啮合和节点后啮合实例的计算,得出除外啮合节点前啮合以外,利用标准计算得到的平均摩擦因数的误差都超过18.5%,而改进计算方法所得的误差都在6.5%之内,证实了这种改进的平均摩擦因数计算方法具有更高的精度,而且这一计算方法也适用于标准齿轮传动.      

斜齿面齿轮齿面仿真及其轮齿接触分析

建立了斜齿面齿轮的加工和传动坐标系,推导了斜齿小齿轮和面齿轮的齿面方程,对面齿轮进行数值仿真并实现了齿面可视化;进行了斜齿面齿轮传动的轮齿接触分析,计算了斜齿面齿轮不同安装误差下的啮合轨迹和传动误差,并对不同旋向下的面齿轮齿面和啮合轨迹进行了对比,研究了通过轴向安装位移调整啮合轨迹的方法.      

基于数控切齿的弧线齿面齿轮啮合特性研究

研究了弧线齿面齿轮的数控切齿及其啮合特性.基于假想产形齿轮的概念,同时考虑了刀具法向截面的修形,推导弧线齿面齿轮的齿面方程;以坐标变换为工具,建立其机床加工模型,确定各运动轴的多项式表达式;在此基础上,建立了考虑安装误差的弧线齿面齿轮副接触分析模型.计算结果表明:通过面齿轮的齿面修形,可以降低啮合转换点处的传动误差幅值,并获得较好的传动误差曲线.      

齿距啮合偏差对准双曲面齿轮传动误差的影响

由齿轮机构的总体传动误差概念引申出含有齿距啮合偏差的单齿传动误差,并根据齿面的几何关系,给出齿距啮合偏差对单齿传动误差曲线影响的偏移式;然后,在Y9550型滚动检验机的基础上搭建传动误差检测平台并进行测量试验,得到准双曲面齿轮副两种传动误差的测量结果;最后,利用JD45+型齿轮测量机所测的齿距偏差数据对理论传动误差曲线进行修正,进而分析了轮齿的啮合状态.通过对理论与实际传动误差曲线的对比,验证了齿距啮合偏差对传动误差的影响方式.试验结果表明:在轻载条件下,实际单齿传动误差可近似由理论设计曲线和齿距啮合偏差组成的综合仿真曲线来替代,从而为进一步研究实际工况下齿轮传动的运动精度和工作平稳性奠定了基础.      

小轮双向修形参数对面齿轮副啮合性能的影响

提出了面齿轮传动副小轮双向修形方法,推导了修形小轮及面齿轮齿面方程,建立了考虑安装误差的传动啮合方程,研究了局部共轭面齿轮副的啮合特性.算例分析表明:通过对小轮双向修形,可以获得开口向下的抛物线传动误差,改变双向修形参数值能控制接触路径的走向和传动误差的幅值.该方法能实现对面齿轮副局部共轭啮合特性的预控,对避免面齿轮副传动的边缘接触,抑制其啮合振动、噪声具有重要的理论意义.      

螺旋双曲面齿轮修形及啮合特性

为了改善螺旋双曲面齿轮啮合特性,对小轮齿面进行修形设计.用抛物线齿廓的产形齿条展成修形插齿刀齿面,模拟插齿刀和被加工齿轮的啮合运动关系,建立齿轮齿面的数学模型;根据两齿面在啮合过程中连续相切条件,建立了考虑安装误差的轮齿接触分析(TCA)模型;齿轮副的啮合仿真结果表明,刀具齿廓抛物线修形可以获得中凸的抛物线传动误差,调整修形参数可改变传动误差幅值和对称性;轴交角的变化影响齿轮副的重合度、接触椭圆、安装误差敏感性.      

功率四分支齿轮传动系统的固有特性与动载系数

建立了功率四分支齿轮传动系统动力学模型,基于轴单元法建立了单根转子的振动方程,依据齿轮啮合矩阵实现各转子振动方程的耦合,形成了传动系统的动力学方程,依据动力学方程求解了系统的固有频率和固有振型,得出了在给定转速下系统需进行越界阻尼设计以确保稳定工作的结论;然后分析了不同传动误差下齿轮动载系数变化情况.结果表明:传动误差对功率四分支齿轮传动系统的动载系数有比较明显的影响,随着传动误差的增加系统动载系数也增大,特别在高速级齿轮上表现更加显著.该分析方法和结论为四分支齿轮传动系统的动态优化设计奠定了基础.      

构造拓扑修形齿面的面齿轮传动主动设计

为了改善加工参数较少的面齿轮传动的啮合性能,提出了用给定的啮合性能对面齿轮和小齿轮齿面进行拓扑修形设计的方法.面齿轮用插齿法加工,面齿轮与插齿刀的转角关系由预设的传动误差确定,由此确定面齿轮的拓扑修形齿面.然后用接触路径的位置及其方向和接触椭圆的大小构造小齿轮的拓扑修形齿面,该齿面用共轭点接触法磨齿加工,建立了小齿轮拓扑修形齿面与加工参数之间的线性方程.结果表明:齿面接触分析(TCA)获得的传动误差、接触路径与预设的传动误差、接触路径相同,TCA仿真的椭圆长度与预设椭圆长度相差范围为0.175 2~1.16mm.     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.