先进制造环境下质量控制的理论与方法

分析介绍了AMT环境下质量控制的新特点及其主要的理论与方法,其中包括统计过程控制(SPC)、统计过程诊断(SPD)、统计过程调整(SPA)、质量方法论、集成质量系统(IQS)、面向质量的设计(DFQ)、虚拟环境下的质量保证技术以及质量控制的自动化与智能化技术。     

Stability analysis of digital linear flight controllers subject to electromagnetic disturbances

High intensity electromagnetic radiation has been demonstrated to be a source of computer upsets in commercially available digital flight control systems. Such upsets can degrade the quality of the control signal ranging from a perturbation error over a few sample periods to a permanent error mode or computer failure. Under these conditions, the primary concern of the control engineer is to insure that the closed-loop system remains stable. A stochastic disturbance model and a set of associated stability assessment tools are introduced for determining stability robustness of a nominal closed-loop system subject to electromagnetic disturbances. The focus is primarily on night control applications, but the methodology is suitable for any application where highly reliable digital control is needed. The technique is demonstrated on a simple test example and on a stabilizing controller for the longitudinal dynamics of the AFTI/F-16 aircraft.     

可重构制造系统的性能分析

可重构制造系统的生产管理与控制是实施可重构制造系统哲理的关键技术,而可重构制造系统的性能分析是可重构制造系统生产管理与控制的重要功能。基于可重构制造系统的赋时可重构Petri网模型及其调度Gantt图,提出可重构制造系统的性能指标评价方法,定义最大完成时间、生产资源利用率、作业完成时间和零件的平均生产能力等可重构制造系统的性能指标,并计算了实例系统的性能指标。实例研究表明,可重构制造系统的性能分析方法体现了可重构制造系统的重构柔性本质。     

面向质量管理拓展应用的质量服务平台研究

针对目前质量管理系统在可扩展性方面存在的问题,运用面向服务架构(Service Oriented Architecture,SOA)的设计理念构建了一个可扩展质量服务平台XQS-Platform的体系架构模型,并据此提出了质量管理系统在业务内容拓展、多企业间协同质量管理以及与其他企业应用系统集成问题的解决方案.最后,给出了基于XQS-Platform架构的生产质量管理的应用实例.     

A methodology for multi-objective design assessment and flight control synthesis tuning

Flight control law design is a multi-variable control problem where various strict requirements from multiple disciplines have to be satisfied. This paper describes quality function deployment and its use in multi-objective control synthesis tuning and design assessment, with application to flight control design. The main feature of this methodology is that the various kinds of design objectives can be taken into account in their most natural form and design alternatives can be assessed most visibly with respect to given requirements. Multi-objective synthesis tuning by min-max parameter optimisation allows interactive compromising in the set of what can be best-possibly achieved with a chosen control law structure.     

Proportional fuzzy feed-forward architecture control validation by wind tunnel tests of a morphing wing

In aircraft wing design, engineers aim to provide the best possible aerodynamic performance under cruise flight conditions in terms of lift-to-drag ratio. Conventional control sur-faces such as flaps, ailerons, variable wing sweep and spoilers are used to trim the aircraft for other flight conditions. The appearance of the morphing wing concept launched a new challenge in the area of overall wing and aircraft performance improvement during different flight segments by locally altering the flow over the aircraft's wings. This paper describes the development and appli-cation of a control system for an actuation mechanism integrated in a new morphing wing structure. The controlled actuation system includes four similar miniature electromechanical actuators dis-posed in two parallel actuation lines. The experimental model of the morphing wing is based on a full-scale portion of an aircraft wing, which is equipped with an aileron. The upper surface of the wing is a flexible one, being closed to the wing tip; the flexible skin is made of light composite materials. The four actuators are controlled in unison to change the flexible upper surface to improve the flow quality on the upper surface by delaying or advancing the transition point from laminar to turbulent regime. The actuators transform the torque into vertical forces. Their bases are fixed on the wing ribs and their top link arms are attached to supporting plates fixed onto the flex-ible skin with screws. The actuators push or pull the flexible skin using the necessary torque until the desired vertical displacement of each actuator is achieved. The four vertical displacements of the actuators, correlated with the new shape of the wing, are provided by a database obtained through a preliminary aerodynamic optimization for specific flight conditions. The control system is designed to control the positions of the actuators in real time in order to obtain and to maintain the desired shape of the wing for a specified flight condition. The feasibility and effectiveness of the developed control system by use of a proportional fuzzy feed-forward methodology are demon-strated experimentally through bench and wind tunnel tests of the morphing wing model.     

机翼颤振的鲁棒自适应切换控制

将机翼颤振问题对应的气动伺服弹性系统动态,看做沿飞行轨迹或特定飞行动作的若干模型的连续切换,引入切换系统描述其包线内的动态特性。进而,基于多Lyapunov函数方法和模型参考自适应控制(MRAC)理论,提出一种机翼颤振鲁棒自适应切换控制方案。该方案允许不同速度设计点的模型及对应控制器进行快速切换,以全面覆盖飞行包线内的系统动态,获得良好的机翼颤振主动抑制效果,有效规避自适应控制需要参数缓慢变化的缺陷。同时,构建Lure-Postnikov形式的Lyapunov函数,采用多Lyapunov函数方法,以线性矩阵不等式的形式,推导闭环切换系统为有界MRAC系统的充分条件,确保飞行包线内颤振抑制的全局稳定性。     

直接根据性能指标进行航空发动机LQG/LTR控制器设计

本文提出了一种根据性能指标要求设计航空发动机LQG/LTR控制器的方法。采用这种方法,可根据发动机模型及性能指标要求直接获得卡尔曼滤波器增益,而无需求解Riccati方程。随后的仿真结果表明,所设计的控制系统具有较好的稳定鲁棒性及较好的动态性能。      

A simultaneous assignment methodology of right/left eigenstructures

In the sense of eigenstructure (eigenvalues/eigenvectors) assignment, the effectiveness and disturbance suppressibility of a controller are mainly dependent on the left eigenstructure (eigenvalues/left eigenvectors) of a system. However, the disturbance decouplability is governed by the right eigenstructure (eigenvalues/right eigenvectors) of the system. In order to obtain a disturbance decouplable as well as effective and disturbance suppressible controller, a simultaneous assignment methodology of the right and left eigenstructures is proposed. The biorthogonality property between the left and right modal matrices of a system as well as the relations between the achievable right modal matrix and states selection matrices are used to develop the methodology. The proposed simultaneous eigenstructures assignment methodology guarantees that the desired eigenvalues are achieved exactly and the desired left and right eigenvectors are assigned to the best possible(achievable) sets of eigenvectors in the least square sense, respectively. An L-1011 flight control application is presented to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed methodology     

基于赋时可重构Petri网的可重构制造系统建模

系统建模是可重构制造系统生产管理控制技术的基础。分析了可重构制造系统的建模需求,提出基于赋时可重构Petri网的可重构制造系统建模的方法。该建模方法是先建立可重构制造系统当前系统的赋时可重构Petri网模型,再通过修改其建模元素得到可重构制造系统重构后系统的赋时可重构Petri网模型。实例研究表明基于赋时可重构Petri网的可重构制造系统建模方法能够满足可重构制造系统的建模需求,因此它是可重构制造系统的正确的形式化表示。     

基于动态Bayesian网络的叶片加工质量监控与溯源

 针对叶片加工过程中质量精度不高的问题,提出了基于动态Bayesian网络的叶片加工质量监控与溯源方法.利用动态Bayesian网络建立起叶片加工工序间的相互联系,实现对整个加工过程的控制.基于Bayesian网络对影响加工工序的因素集建立因果联系,采用多元统计过程控制中的T²控制图完成对各工序影响因素集的监控.进行误差溯源时,根据Bayesian网络建立的因果关系对失控样本的T²统计量依据原因变量进行误差分解,并构建各分解变量的控制限,将其作为误差源判定的条件.通过对某叶片加工过程的仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

非线性自适应控制理论在无人直升机飞行控制系统设计中的应用

最近，国内外很多研究结果表明，基于神经网络的直接自适应控制方法，在飞行器控制系统设计中有着诸多优点。其中最重要的是它减少了设计对飞机动态特性高保真建模的依赖。这种设计方法在某无人直升机上得以实际飞行验证。本文主要介绍这种非线性自适应控制系统及其外回路航迹跟踪器的设计问题。     

基于CFD降阶模型的阵风减缓主动控制研究

飞行器飞行时会受到大气紊流的影响,降低飞行品质。阵风减缓控制是改善飞行器飞行性能的关键技术。现有的阵风响应分析多以离散阵风为研究对象,对更加真实描述大气紊流的连续型阵风时域分析关注较少。采用成形滤波器方法将频域形式给出的大气紊流信号转换为时域信号。在跨声速区域内,利用系统辨识技术,基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法建立阵风激励下的气动载荷状态空间降阶模型(ROM)。为方便控制器设计,借助平衡模态法进行模型的进一步降阶。使用模型预测控制(MPC)算法通过控制操纵面偏转实现阵风减缓主动控制。以AGARD445.6标模作为仿真算例,验证基于ROM设计的阵风减缓控制律的有效性。仿真结果表明,在跨声速飞行状态下,模型预测控制器能够在满足操纵面偏转范围的约束下,对连续阵风激励下的翼根弯矩输出进行有效抑制。     

推力耦合的高超声速飞行器气动伺服弹性研究

对于采用吸气式超燃冲压发动机的高超声速飞行器,其发动机推力可能与机身弹性发生耦合影响,从而引起所谓的推力耦合气动伺服弹性(ASE)问题。为对其耦合原理及影响进行研究,以简化的飞行器纵向模型为对象,考虑结构弹性、非定常气动力、冲压发动机以及控制系统之间的相互耦合作用,建立了推力耦合的高超声速飞行器气动伺服弹性问题的一般建模框架和分析流程。采用牛顿冲击理论计算高超声速非定常气动力,基于准一维流动假设分析发动机性能。算例结果表明,考虑发动机推力的耦合影响后,飞行器的短周期特性和气动伺服弹性特性均有明显改变,气动伺服弹性稳定裕度下降可达16%,应当引起飞行控制系统设计部门的重视。     

面向空管安全系统中人为因素的本体建模分析

人为因素在空管安全系统中是导致不安全事件发生的关键因素;本体作为一种概念化的明确的规范说明,是对客观存在的概念和关系的描述,本研究将本体建模引入空管安全系统中,提出了一种基于本体的提取关键因素的分析方法,对影响空管安全的关键因素——人为因素,进行了本体形式化的描述,构建了人为因素本体模型,并通过实验对不安全事件中的人为差错进行本体模型分析;通过本体建模挖掘出不安全事件内在的、隐舍的逻辑关系,从而为降低或避免不安全事件的发生提供了科学依据。     

Adaptive Control of Helicopter Ground Resonance with Magnetorheological Damper

The methodology for adaptive control of helicopter ground resonance with magnetorheological （MR） damper is presented. The adaptive inverse control method is used to control the output damping force of MR damper and the range of the damping force is given. Through the adaptive inverse control, the damping force of MR damper is fit to a desired damping force. With the background of applying MR damper to control of helicopter ground resonance, a model of loss force and an adaptive arithmetic for stabilization of the coupled rotor/fuselage system are presented. The simulation shows that the controller presented in this paper can stabilize the rotor/fuselage coupling system quickly and control the helicopter ground resonance effectively.     

点焊质量控制方法的研究

利用光栅位移传感器和压电石英力传感器 ,建立了热膨胀位移和动态电极压力点焊质量微机监控系统 ,并对这两种监控方法的控制原理、控制性能和控制效果进行了分析比较。试验结果表明 ,此类单参数质量控制系统能够实现点焊过程质量监控 ,并具有自适应特性 ,可用于构造多参数点焊质量控制系统     

飞机横侧向系统的INA设计和鲁棒性分析

用INA方法设计某飞机的横侧向控制系统,数学仿真的结果说明针对高度H=10 000m,Ma为0.9的飞行状态设计的横侧向控制器同样适用于高度H=10 000m,Ma为1.5的飞行状态。最后用鲁棒INA方法对设计进行了鲁棒性分析,说明该设计提高了模型误差可允许的界限。     

主-主式舵驱动系统力纷争缓解算法仿真

针对某型机舵驱动系统主-主力综合配置存在的力纷争现象,提出在控制通道引入跨通道力均衡算法的解决方案,并结合实际工程,在AMESim软件中,对该均衡方案在不同差异信号影响下的均衡效果进行仿真分析。结果表明：该方案能够有效地缓解并行驱动间的力纷争,是一种快速的力纷争缓解解决方案。     

基于模型的多电飞机能源优化特性仿真分析

多电飞机是一种用电能部分取代原来的液压能和气压能的飞机,其二次能源系统以电能为主。为实现多电飞机能源系统的优化设计,将飞机的发电、配电和用电集成在一个统一的系统内,实行发电、配电和用电的统一规划、统一管理和集中控制。为快速有效地分析多电飞机能源系统优化特性,本文采用基于模型的系统工程方法论,针对多电飞机能源优化仿真分析平台开展研究,提出了一种面向电气设备的多物理域模型建模方法,以实现机载系统的大规模集成仿真。并以飞控系统为对象,建立了多电飞机飞控系统和传统飞机飞控系统的能量利用、能量传送、能量变换设备等仿真模型,仿真分析了两种飞控系统的能源应用特性,为多电飞机能源系统的优化设计提供了有效支撑。