立方体卫星太阳翼技术综述

调研了国外不同类型立方体卫星(CubeSat)的太阳翼技术,并从展开维度及展开次数的角度进行了分类,然后对CubeSat太阳翼的太阳电池板、压紧释放机构及展开机构等典型部件进行详细介绍,对不同类型的部件技术进行了对比,通过对比,给出了CubeSat太阳翼在研制体系建设、部件技术、搭载验证等方面的发展建议,可为后续研究提供参考。     

多颗小型卫星组装发射技术

多颗小型卫星组装发射技术由于小型卫星的研制周期短，研制成本不高，而且又能满足一般军事和民用空间科学实验和空间开发应用的要求，所以近年来出现了研制小型卫星的热潮。为适应这种新的航天发射商务形势，国外（特别是美国）许多公司都在研制专门用于发射小型卫星的小...     

小卫星 小火箭 大生意

小卫星如今是航天业界的热门话题，诸如立方体卫星、手机微卫星等概念都被人们热炒。这其中的主要原因，是民用和商用电子器件的水平已经相当高，很多器件可以直接送进太空里正常工作，不需要专门订购宇航级的器件。英国萨利卫星公司的一位高层曾经表示，商用元器件会极大地改变卫星制造业的形态。     

国外SAR卫星电源系统分析与启示

介绍了国外合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星电源系统的特点,从SAR卫星成像模式多、峰值功率大、较大的载荷平台功率比以及脉冲功率工作等方面分析了其对电源系统设计的需求;介绍了欧洲和加拿大研制的Cosmo-Skymed卫星、TerraSAR-X卫星、Radarsat-2卫星、Sentinel-1卫星、EarthCARE卫星等的电源系统设计概况,对其电源系统拓扑、母线体制、太阳电池阵功率调节方式、锂离子蓄电池组配置等技术方案的特点进行了归纳总结,在此基础上提出了我国SAR卫星电源系统技术发展的建议。     

立方体卫星制动帆装置离轨时间分析

为了避免立方体卫星(CubeSat)失效后成为空间碎片,在立方体卫星寿命末期应采用低成本制动帆装置使其快速脱离轨道,从而减少对低地球轨道(LEO)航天器碰撞和损坏的威胁。文章建立了立方体卫星离轨的数学模型,得到立方体卫星离轨时间的影响因素分别为立方体卫星面质比、轨道高度和发射日期。应用实例仿真分析上述3种影响因素对离轨时间的影响,结果表明:随着立方体卫星面质比的增加,离轨时间不断减少;轨道高度越高,离轨时间越长;发射日期不同,离轨时间也存在较大的差异,在太阳活动峰年时离轨时间短,在太阳活动低年时离轨时间长。根据分析结果,对于3U立方体卫星而言,制动帆面积可设计为4m~2。     

多星并行测试技术在环境减灾-1A、1B卫星测试中的应用研究

并行测试具有优化测试流程,降低测试成本的优势.文章说明了并行测试技术背景;介绍了实现并行测试的几种拓扑结构;针对环境减灾-1A、1B卫星双星并举的技术特点,对卫星的并行测试技术应用进行了研究,为后续型号提供了经验.     

微纳卫星光学载荷技术发展综述

阐述了微纳卫星光学载荷从单一摄像头到应用模式多样的综合系统的发展过程。调研了国外微纳卫星光学载荷的发展现状及特点,如轻小型化、紧凑化、观测任务多样化和视频成像,主要表现在低成本商业遥感应用,适于新技术演示验证、光学载荷图像产品的网络应用、商用现货(COTS)技术应用、模块化技术体系等方面。通过归纳总结得出以下启示:我国微纳卫星光学载荷发展应紧跟国际步伐,瞄准低成本商业遥感方向,建立标准化、模块化微纳卫星光学载荷技术体系;发展颠覆性技术(薄膜衍射成像和液晶可调光谱滤光片用于高光谱成像),积极探索微纳卫星光学载荷研制模式的创新。     

2009年各国航天发射活动回顾(下)

<正>欧洲欧洲成功发射了2台太空望远镜、10颗通信卫星(7颗商业通信卫星,2颗军事通信卫星)、2颗遥感卫星、1颗光学侦察卫星和11颗科学技术卫星。2月12日,阿里安5ECA火箭在库鲁发射了"新天空卫星"(NSS)9和"热鸟"10商业通信卫星以及法国军方的"红外预警准备系统"(SPIRALE)A和B小型导弹预警试验卫星。     

中国数据中继卫星系统及其应用拓展

论述了中国天链一号数据中继卫星系统的建设历程和特点、应用实践和对中国航天事业发展的贡献。对中国未来数据中继卫星系统在大系统层面(包括优化顶层设计、提高工作效率和扩大覆盖区等)和卫星层面(包括相关的先进有效载荷和平台技术)的技术发展提出了建议,对今后应用领域的拓展(如地球同步转移轨道(GTO)/地球静止轨道(GEO)用户航天器、再入通信、深空通信和特殊卫星星座管理等)进行了讨论。     

批产卫星验证技术分析

为解决批产卫星验证方法和流程的优化问题,首先通过对国外批产星座验证技术的调研分析,梳理出批产卫星验证策略的特点.其次,从验证基线、验证方法、验证装配级、验证理念等方面开展研究,总结批产卫星验证设计的技术要点.最后,从完善批产验证标准体系、制定并实践合理高效的批产验证策略、加强商用现货(COTS)技术应用可靠性保证、强化...     

A low-cost femtosatellite to enable distributed space missions

A new class of distributed space missions is emerging which requires hundreds to thousands of satellites for real-time, distributed, multi-point sensing to accomplish long-awaited remote sensing and science objectives. These missions, stymied by the lack of a low-cost mass-producible solution, can become reality by merging the concepts of distributed satellite systems and terrestrial wireless sensor networks. However, unlike terrestrial sensor nodes, space-based nodes must survive unique environmental hazards while undergoing complex orbital dynamics. A novel sub-kilogram very small satellite design is needed to meet these requirements. Sub-kilogram satellite concepts are developing elsewhere, such as traditional picosatellites and microengineered aerospace systems. Although viable technical solutions, these technologies currently come at a high cost due to their reliance on high-density technology or custom manufacturing processes. While evaluating these technologies, two untapped technology areas became evident that uniquely encompass low cost and mass producibility by leveraging existing commercial production techniques: satellite-on-a-chip (SpaceChip) and satellite-on-a-printed circuit board (PCBSat). This paper focuses on the design, build, and test results of a prototype PCBSat with a prototype unit cost less than $300. The paper concludes with mission applications and future direction.     

Inflatable antenna for cubesats: Motivation for development and antenna design

CubeSats and small satellites have potential to provide means to explore space and to perform science in a more affordable way. As the goals for these spacecraft become more ambitious in space exploration, moving from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) or further, the communication systems currently implemented will not be able to support those missions. One of the bottlenecks in small spacecraft communication systems is represented by antennas' size, due to the close relation between antenna gain and dimensions. Current antennas for CubeSats are mostly dipole or patch antennas with limited gain. Deployable (not inflatable) antennas for CubeSats are currently being investigated, but these solutions are affected by the challenge of packaging the whole deployable structure in a small spacecraft.The work that we propose represents the first attempt to develop an inflatable antenna for CubeSats. Inflatable structures and antennas can be packaged efficiently occupying a small amount of space, and they can provide, once deployed, large dish dimension and correspondent gain. Inflatable antennas have been previously tested in space (Inflatable Antenna Experiment, STS-77). However they have never been developed for small spacecraft such as CubeSats, where the packaging efficiency, the deployment, and the inflation represent a challenge.Our study explores for the first time the possibility of developing such antenna in a way compatible with CubeSat dimensions and constraints. The research provides answers on the possible dimensions for an inflatable antenna for small satellites, on the gain and resolution that can be achieved, and on the deployment and inflation mechanism compatible with CubeSat. Future work in the development of the antenna will include the test of the antenna in flight during a specific technical demonstration mission.The article is structured as follows: context and motivation for Cubesat inflatable antenna are described; then a study to design the antenna which achieves the required performance metrics, while respecting the constraints imposed by CubeSat structure, is presented.     

美军航天装备COTS试验鉴定工作透视及思考

随着航天装备更新换代的速度越来越快,能够显著压缩研发时间与成本的商用货架产品（COTS）在航天装备中的使用率大幅提高,因此如何对COTS开展试验鉴定以保证航天装备的性能和可靠性成为必须考虑的问题。文章从横向范围、纵向深度及存在问题3个维度全面立体地对美军航天装备COTS试验鉴定工作进行阐述分析,在此基础上提出适用于我国开展航天货架产品试验鉴定工作的建议。     

应用于立方星的剪叉式可展开太阳电池阵机构

立方星在轨任务期间的能源供给主要依靠蓄电池或体装太阳能电池阵。随着微小航天器技术的发展,立方星功能密度越来越大,星上载荷对功率的需求越来越高,传统的电池板供能方式已很难满足未来空间任务需求。另外,立方星因其特有的尺寸规范和标准,对电池阵的收纳尺寸和展开机构也有特殊应用需求。基于上述背景和立方星的结构特点,设计了一种展开原理简单、扩展性好、折展比大的一维剪叉式空间可展开机构,进行了原理样机的加工制造和地面展开试验,验证了机构设计的功能可行性以及设计参数的合理性。机构展开后阵列发电功率是传统供能方式的3~5倍,且特殊的几何外形可提供被动重力梯度稳定优势,在提升未来立方星载荷能力方面有重要应用价值。     

SLUCUBE: Innovative high performance nanosatellite science and technology demonstration mission

The Space Systems Research Laboratory (SSRL) at Saint Louis University is developing SLUCUBE nanosatellite as part of the space mission design program. The objective of the mission is to demonstrate space capability of high performance nanosatellite components that has been developed at SSRL for the past three years. The objective of the program is to provide extremely low-cost and rapid access to space for scientists and commercial exploitation using commercial-off-the-shelf components. SLUCUBE is a double CubeSat with dimensions 10×10×20 cm and a mass of 2 kg. This nanosatellite features suite of technology demonstration components to enlarge the capability of space mission for such class of spacecrafts. The primary mission of SLUCUBE is to test and demonstrate several enabling technologies by flying a number of university developed high performance components. This paper describes the new developed technologies by providing details of specific components developed along with the R&D efforts and laboratory facilities. A brief discussion about the student involvement and educational benefits will also be presented.     

SLUCUBE: Innovative high performance nanosatellite science and technology demonstration mission

The Space Systems Research Laboratory (SSRL) at Saint Louis University is developing SLUCUBE nanosatellite as part of the space mission design program. The objective of the mission is to demonstrate space capability of high performance nanosatellite components that has been developed at SSRL for the past three years. The objective of the program is to provide extremely low-cost and rapid access to space for scientists and commercial exploitation using commercial-off-the-shelf components. SLUCUBE is a double CubeSat with dimensions 10×10×20 cm and a mass of 2 kg. This nanosatellite features suite of technology demonstration components to enlarge the capability of space mission for such class of spacecrafts. The primary mission of SLUCUBE is to test and demonstrate several enabling technologies by flying a number of university developed high performance components. This paper describes the new developed technologies by providing details of specific components developed along with the R&D efforts and laboratory facilities. A brief discussion about the student involvement and educational benefits will also be presented.     

文献《Validation of commercial fiber optic components for aerospace environments》点评

文章是对一篇SPIE会议文献《用于太空环境的商业光纤器件地面验证方法》的点评。介绍了商业光纤部件从市场采购到准备作为太空飞行部件使用前,在空间环境作用（包括真空、热、振动、辐射）下的地面工艺性合格鉴定试验技术。这项技术由NASA哥达德空间飞行中心（GSFC）创立并命名为“工艺技术有效性保证法”,该项技术还包括如何建立商用光纤产品制造工艺性合格鉴定试验验收标准或准则方面的内容。“点评”还针对文献中3个实例之一“水星激光高度仪”试验件的热与振动环境试验规范、试验夹具等重要试验技术信息进行详细介绍。     

立方体纳卫星的发展及其启示

介绍了立方体纳卫星的发展概况;对“震动卫星”、Cute系列、“加拿大先进纳太空实验”卫星和Coral卫星平台等典型项目进行了分析,重点对立方体纳卫星的任务、姿态与轨道控制、电源系统、通信系统、星载综合电子和可靠性等方面进行了总结。结合立方体纳卫星快速发展的原因,提出了以下建议：结合在轨服务、深空探测和新技术空间飞行演示试验等应用需求,发展微电子技术、微机电系统技术的航天应用、微卫星平台技术和标准化辅载荷发射接口技术。     

翱翔系列立方星的发展和展望

针对西北工业大学“翱翔”系列立方星在低成本、短周期、快响应的立方星技术方面的突破，介绍了应用于大气层外偏振导航技术试验的世界首颗12U立方星“翱翔之星”，世界首次组网开展低热层大气参数测量的QB50计划“翱翔一号”立方星等，总结了“翱翔”系列立方星的标准化结构设计、姿态控制系统、电源系统、星载计算机、通信与测控、部署器等核心系统的发展现状，介绍了自主研制的飞轮、磁力矩器、偏振敏感器载荷。并基于在轨组装，编队飞行，一箭多星等技术对“翱翔”系列立方星的应用进行了展望，对探索柔性、高精度、长寿命的立方星将有重要的意义。     

Characterization of Lithium-Polymer batteries for CubeSat applications

With the development of several key technologies, nanosatellites are emerging as important vehicles for carrying out technology demonstrations and space science research. Nanosatellites are attractive for several reasons, the most important being that they do not involve the prohibitive costs of a conventional satellite launch. One key enabling technology is in the area of battery technology. In this paper, we focus on the characterization of battery technologies suitable for nanosatellites.Several battery chemistries are examined in order to find a type suitable for typical nanosatellite missions. As a baseline mission, we examine York University's 1U CubeSat mission for its power budget and power requirements. Several types of commercially available batteries are examined for their applicability to CubeSat missions. We also describe the procedures and results from a series of environmental tests for a set of Lithium Polymer batteries from two manufacturers.