AeroTrac自动化系统中雷达数据处理器的多雷达跟踪功能（MRT）及其添加雷达的具体方法

目前，国内已有多家空中交通管制部门使用或准备使用AeroTrac自动化系统进行雷达信号的处理和显示，以便调度指挥人员能够直观、迅速地指挥航空器，使空中交通安全稳定，最大限度地满足日益增长的交通流量的需求。     

浅析Thales自动化系统雷达航迹与飞行计划的相关功能

一、概述 随着国内航班量的快速增长,空中交通管制流量的不断加大,空管自动化系统在空中交通管制中的重要地位日趋显现。目前我国民航各地区空管局都先后引近Thales自动化空管系统作为主用雷达管制系统,为了能够给空中交通管制提供更加可靠的设备保障,对此自动化系统各个功能深入细致地了解成为系统维护人员的当务之急。本文对自动化系统中最常用并且非常重要的雷达航迹与飞行计划相关功能进行详细地分析。     

实施雷达管制的体会

2005年12月22日，我国在北京-西安-成都-昆明以东的广大空中交通管制区实施了雷达管制，这使得空中交通管制工作进入了新的时代，贵阳区域管制室也开始了划时代的雷达管制工作。实施之后，随着雷达管制工作的深入运行，一些在实施前未考虑到的问题相继暴露出来。在经过前期强化雷达管制模拟机培训后大部分管制员在实际运行过程中仍感到有不理解的问题，涉及到标准通话用语、雷达管制间隔、雷达管制和程序管制之间的间隔、雷达盲区、目视飞行与仪表飞行之间等。尤其是对间隔的掌握和通话术语的理解上存在着偏差，部分管制员在机组不作位置报时缺乏主动管制的意识，感觉到指令发的不流畅。为什么在作了大量的前期雷达管制理论准备工作和雷达管制模拟机培训后，在实际运行中还会有这样的问题，这是因为：一、雷达基本理论不是万能的。不可能解释所有问题、解决运行中的所有矛盾。     

班组信息资源共享

信息成为当今世界最重要的资源之一已经被大众所认可。在空中交通管制工作中,信息资源也是必不可少的关键资源,甚至可以认为信息处理是空中交通交通管制的本质。这样说是因为在整个管制过程中,管制员的工作就是通过各种渠道,如：飞机位置报（程序管制）、雷达监视屏（雷达管制）、电话、电报等来获取所需的飞行动态、流量控制、限制等信息资源,经过管制员大脑的分析、判断,做出决策,然后利用陆空通信将决策传达给飞行员这样一个过程（见图1）。     

RAYTHEON二次雷达的飞行校验

为配合雷达管制的实施，实现雷达管制区段内雷达信号双重覆盖或多重覆盖，最终实现全国无缝隙覆盖，民航总局现正大力投资和建设空管雷达设施。按照中国民用航空行业标准《飞行校验规则》规定，所有新建雷达设施在启用之前必须进行飞行校验。飞行校验是验证雷达设备准确性的重要手段，是对雷     

最低雷达引导高度图的制作

<正>雷达管制是对我们延用了多年的雷达监控下的程序管制方式的质的变革和飞跃。管制人员通过缩小管制间隔,达到改善飞行安全性、提高空域容量、减少航班延误的目的。通过制作最低雷达引导高度图,可以给管制人员提供雷达管制     

基于RUP的雷达数据分析监测系统的研发

<正>引言随着国内航班量快速增长,飞机的飞行间距不断缩短,促使空中交通管制在民航的重要性更加突出。只有看到准确的雷达信号,管制员才能对飞机下达正确的管制指令,以避免飞机之间发生危险冲突而影响飞行安全。如何保障雷达信号的准确性问题一直被人们关注,     

ALENIA航管雷达的RHP硬盘数据在软盘上备份的实例

ALENIA二次雷达是我国民航早期大量引进的一款航管监视雷达系统，它广泛分布在我国30多个机场，在民航空中交通管制领域起到了重要的作用。但此雷达大多服役已经十年以上，设备老化严重，故障相对较多。因此，如何做好ALENIA雷达的日常维护，是延长雷达使用寿命和保障雷达数据的前提和保障。RHP在ALENIA雷达系统中起到承上启下的作用，它的主要功能是进行雷达原始信号的处理，将雷达点迹信号处理成雷达航迹信号。     

引进八部雷达信号温州多部雷达监控航班

11月23日，温州空管站引进一套雷达自动化系统，该系统引入了上海浦东、上海青浦、合肥、南昌、杭州、福州、厦门以及乐清的八部二次雷达信号，经过综合处理后，提供给空中交通管制员。整个华东上空几乎所有飞机的二次雷达信号尽收眼底。而这些信号中，绝大部分是多个二次雷达信号的综合处理后的信号，只有高度较低的飞机，因地形影响只能有一部雷达覆盖而“单机工作”。     

雷神一次雷达方位子系统的维护维修

随着雷达管制和RVSM的实施,航管监视雷达对监视空中飞行目标起着越来越重要的作用,实现管制区域内的多重雷达覆盖也是发展趋势。在维护雷达设备过程中,面对雷神雷达一次方位系统故障,如何准确地分析、判断故障点,采取一切必要措施快速恢复一、二次雷达设备正常工作,对于确保空中交通管理安全有着重要的意义。笔者将维护雷神一次雷达方位系统中遇到的故障作了简要的分析总结,希望能对同行们的工作起到一定的借鉴作用。     

Summary of medical investigations in the U.S.S.R. manned space missions.

The results of biomedical investigations carried out in the U.S.S.R. manned space missions are discussed. Their basic result is well-documented evidence that man can perform space flights of long duration. The investigations have demonstrated no direct correlation between inflight or postflight physiological reactions of crewmembers and flight duration. In all likelihood, this can be attributed to the fact that special exercises done inflight efficiently prevented adverse effects of weightlessness. However, human reactions to weightlessness need further study. They include negative calcium balance and anemia as well as vestibulo-autonomic disorders shown by crewmembers at early stages of weightlessness. Attention should be given to psychological, social-psychological and ethical problems that may also limit further increase in flight duration.     

ADS-B在美国

美国是“广播式自动相关监视”(ADS-B)技术研究和应用的先行者之一。继1991年,瑞典首次成功利用飞行座舱显示器(CDTI)演示ADS-B功能之后,美国从1992年就开始在芝加哥的O’Hare机场开展ADS-B技术的早期应用研究。进入21世纪,美国首先在阿拉斯加地区通用航空飞机上推广应用ADS-B技术。2002年,美国联邦航空局FAA终于出台了ADS-B数据链发展政策以及支持ADS-B技术发展的规划蓝图。一、美国的AD S-B技术发展规划(一)近期规划:(2002年—2006年)(1)定义ADS-B最初发展阶段的国内技术系统底层结构;(2)允许“袖珍型”(不具备上行广播…     

U.S. biological experiments in space.

Past U.S. space biological experiments in space, using non-human specimens, are discussed and evaluated. Current plans for future experimentation in this field are also given.     

Aquatic modules for bioregenerative life support systems based on the C.E.B.A.S. biotechnology

Most concepts for bioregenerative life support systems are based on edible higher land plants which create some problems with growth and seed generation under space conditions. Animal protein production is mostly neglected because of the tremendous waste management problems with tetrapods under reduced weightlessness. Therefore, the “Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System” (C.E.B.A.S.) was developed which represents an artificial aquatic ecosystem containing aquatic organisms which are adpated at all to “near weightlessness conditions” (fishes Xiphophorus helleri, water snails Biomphalaria glabrata, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and the rootless non-gravitropic edible water plant Ceratophyllum demersum). Basically the C.E.B.A.S. consists of 4 subsystems: a ZOOLOGICASL COMPONENT (animal aquarium), a BOTANICAL COMPONENT (aquatic plant bioreactor), a MICROBIAL COMPONENT (bacteria filter) and an ELECTRONICAL COMPONENT (data acquisition and control unit). Superficially, the function principle appears simple: the plants convert light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis thus producing biomass and oxygen. The animals and microorganisms use the oxygen for respiration and produce the carbon dioxide which is essential for plant photosynthesis. The ammonia ions excreted by the animals are converted by the bacteria to nitrite and then to nitrate ions which serve as a nitrogen source for the plants. Other essential ions derive from biological degradation of animal waste products and dead organic matter. The C.E.B.A.S. exists in 2 basic versions: the original C.E.B.A.S. with a volume of 150 liters and a self-sustaining standing time of more than 13 month and the so-called C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODULE with a volume of about 8.5 liters. In the latter there is no closed food loop by reasons of available space so that animal food has to be provided via an automated feeder. This device was flown already successfully on the STS-89 and STS-90 spaceshuttle missions and the working hypothesis was verified that aquatic organisms are nearly not affected at all by space conditions, i . e. that the plants exhibited biomass production rates identical to the ground controls and that as well the reproductive, and the immune system as the the embryonic and ontogenic development of the animals remained undisturbed. Currently the C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODLULE is prepared for a third spaceshuttle fligt (STS-107) in spring 2001. Based on the results of the space experiments a series of prototypes of aquatic food production modules for the implementation into BLSS were developed. This paper describes the scientific disposition of the STS-107 experiments and of open and closed aquaculture systems based on another aquatic plant species, the Lemnacean Wolffia arrhiza which is cultured as a vegetable in Southeastern Asia. This plant can be grown in suspension culture and several special bioreactors were developed for this purpose. W. arrhiza reproduces mainly vegetatively by buds but also sexually from time to time and is therefore especially suitable for genetic engineering, too. Therefore it was used, in addition, to optimize the C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODULE to allow experiments with a duration of 4 month in the International Space Station the basic principle of which will be explained. In the context of aquaculture systems for BLSS the continuous replacement of removed fish biomass is an essential demand. Although fish reproduction seems not to be affected in the short-term space experiments with the C.E.B.A.S. MIMI MODULE a functional and reliable hatchery for the production of siblings under reduced weightlessness is connected with some serious problems. Therefore an automated “reproduction module” for the herbivorous fish Tilapia rendalli was developed as a laboratory prototype. It is concluded that aquatic modules of different degrees of complexity can optimize the productivity of BLSS based on higher land plants and that they offer an unique opportunity for the production of animal protein in lunar or planetary bases.     

DR.Q.SCIENCE QUEST

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U.S. prebreathe protocol

This paper identifies and describes the prebreathe protocol currently used by the U.S. Space Shuttle Program to provide astronauts the capability to safely perform extravehicular activity. A comparison of planned vs actual prebreathe experience through the STS-37 Mission is also provided.     

A 6 D.O.F. opto-inertial tracker for virtual reality experiments in microgravity.

Gravity plays a role in many different levels of human motor behavior. It dictates the laws of motion of our body and limbs, as well as of the objects in the external world with which we wish to interact. The dynamic interaction of our body with the world is molded within gravity's constraints. The role played by gravity in the perception of visual stimuli and the elaboration of human movement is an active research theme in the field of Neurophysiology. Conditions of microgravity, coupled with techniques from the world of virtual reality, provide a unique opportunity to address these questions concerning the function of the human sensorimotor system. The ability to measure movements of the head and to update in real time the visual scene presented to the subject based on these measurements is a key element in producing a realistic virtual environment. A variety of head-tracking hardware exists on the market today, but none seem particularly well suited to the constraints of working with a space station environment. Nor can any of the existing commercial systems meet the more stringent requirements for physiological experimentation (high accuracy, high resolution, low jitter, low lag) in a wireless configuration. To this end, we have developed and tested a hybrid opto-inertial 6 degree-of-freedom tracker based on existing inertial technology. To confirm that the inertial components and algorithms will function properly, this system was tested in the microgravity conditions of parabolic flight. Here we present the design goals of this tracker, the system configuration and the results of 0g and 1g testing.     

美国高超声速技术飞行器

介绍了美国正在开展的猎鹰计划及该计划的目标、组成和各组成部分的任务目标。重点介绍了该计划下研制的高超声速技术飞行器(HTV)。此外,还对HTV所涉及的关键技术进行了总结。