The C-17 multifunction display: a building block for avionicsystems

The multifunction display (MFD) developed for use as the primary cockpit display system on the US Air Force C-17A military air transport is described. The 6-in by 6-in color cathode ray tube (CRT) display features a self-contained 1750 processor and vector generator capable of processing MIL-STD-1553B aircraft data and raster video into any of 10 formats as selected by the pilot or copilot. The MFD can display stroke, raster, or hybrid formats in 16 colors. Raster images are driven by sensor inputs with an RS-170 or RS-343 interface. The CRT uses a taut mask delta gun design and provides the best available brightness and line-width performance. The display features small size, low weight, low power, standard interface, and adaptable software. Reconfigurability in the aircraft is enhanced by using four identical cockpit displays     

飞机MIL-STD-1553B总线的测试系统

从MIL -STD - 1 5 5 3B总线在综合航电系统的作用入手 ,分析了国内外总线测试系统的功能和特点 ,并针对将来飞机航电系统设计及发展的方向 ,提出了一种新型的MIL -STD - 1 5 5 3B总线测试系统的设计思想     

MIL-STD-1553B总线数据压缩研究

MIL-STD-1553B总线具有实时性、确定性和高可靠性,广泛应用于航空、航天、舰船、坦克等安全、任务关键平台,但其传输率已不能满足日益增长的高传输率需求。针对实际1553B总线系统中存在的大量零元素和数据传输前后变化比例较小的情况,提出了基于软件的数据压缩编码以有效提高实际的数据传输率。分析了零跟踪编码、众数跟踪编码、游程编码、改进型游程编码和差分编码的设计方法,并给出了在现有1553B总线上消息传输中的压缩编码应用。     

基于1773光纤数据总线的光传飞控系统

为完成直升机显模型跟踪光传飞控系统局域网的设计,对基于 MIL-STD-1533B多路传输数据总线协议的 MIL-STD-1773光总线协议进行了研究;提出了基于1773光总线的光传系统的开发思想和途径,并对光总线的硬件结构配置及软件实现进行了设计;构建了直升机显模型跟踪光传操纵系统的地面物理仿真验证平台,由给出的光传与电传对比仿真,表明所设计系统是正确并可行的,对开发光传操纵技术具有工程意义。     

Using open networking standards over MIL-STD-1553 networks

Over the past several decades, the MIL-STD-1553 networking technology has found use in a number of military and aerospace platforms, including applications on aircraft, ships, tanks, missiles, satellites, and even the International Space Station. In developing software applications for these platforms, the use of modern, open networking standards such as TCP/IP is often preferable. The Internet Protocol (IP) provides communications routing, and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides reliable delivery to the application level. Furthermore, higher-level protocols such as the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), etc. can be utilized in a TCP/IP environment. Though these open communications standards are preferable for many situations, the MIL-STD-1553B standard does not immediately lend itself to TCP/IP communications. One of the reasons for this is the fundamental difference between the MIL-STD-1553B networking standard, which relies on a bus controller to control communications and other data link layer networking protocols such as IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) which are Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) networks, and are thus decentralized. Despite differences in MIL-STD-1553B networking and more traditional data link layer networking protocols, there is nothing fundamentally preventing IP communication over a 1553 network. We have implemented a method of encapsulating IP datagrams within MDL-STD-1553B data messages that allows for transparent use of Internet Protocol (IP) APIs at the application level. Our system allows traditional 1553 messages to also be transported over the network, and even allows traditional messages to take a higher transmission priority over IP traffic. We analyze the advantages of such a system and the performance level we achieved with our implementation of this concept.     

基于文件的MIL-STD-1553B总线传输研究

MIL-STD-1553B总线适用于小数据量的周期信号以及极少的非周期性信号的传输。为简化机载环境中任务数据传输的设计,提出了基于1553B总线的文件传输需求。简单介绍了1553B总线字格式和消息格式,提出了基于满帧和余帧的大块数据传输方法,构建了文件信息帧和文件数据帧,分析了文件传输的时序和发送及接收的流程。通过设计新的方式命令字实现BC→RT的文件传输,通过设计向量字实现由RT请求传输文件的异步通信。     

MIL-STD-1553B总线综合测试系统设计

阐述了MIL-STD-1553B总线综合测试系统的组成、功能、用途、软件设计和关键技术问题。     

1553 emulation over ATM (asynchronous transfer mode)-a hybridavionics communications architecture

The issue of meeting the higher communications requirements of future aircraft avionics systems in an incremental manner is addressed. A communications architecture is proposed which is based upon a switched network technology from the telecommunications area asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). However, the major step of migrating all existing avionics equipment into an ATM compliant form is avoided by the process of “emulating” a current avionics data bus such as MIL-STD-1553B over an ATM network. This allows current 1553 subsystems to co-exist with ATM compliant equipment on a single physical ATM network     

航空电子通信系统关键技术问题的浅析

现代航空电子综合化技术的发展大大提高了军用飞机的性能 ,信息综合化技术中最重要的技术之一就是航空电子通信技术。基于MIL -STD— 15 5 3B总线 ,本文分析了航空电子通信系统设计中若干关键性问题的解决途径。最后着重说明了某机载ACT飞控系统 15 5 3B总线通信网络的实现技术。     

光纤通道在基于MIL-STD-1553的航空电子系统网络中的应用

光纤通道作为新一代的航空电子系统通信网络技术,具有传输速度高、延时低、传输距离远和可靠性高等特性,高达4G bps的数据传输带宽,为其上层通信协议提供了一种通用的高速率的数据传输通道。FC-1553作为光纤通道上层通信协议之一,对MIL-STD-1553通信协议具有完全的兼容性,它继承了传统MIL-STD-1553通信协议的基本特征,实现了向光纤通道链路层的映射,从而扩展了通信网络的结构,提高了网络的通信能力。本文首先介绍MIL-STD-1553和光纤通道的基本特性,然后描述在光纤通道中对1553通信协议的映射,最后,提出了基于光纤通道和MIL-STD-1553的航空电子系统通信网络结构。     

机载数据总线拓扑结构的数学描述

机载数据总线作为现代作战飞机的神经中枢,主要用于数据传输,以达到信息共享的目的.规定了总线线路传输模式、差分传输、多总线和余度的数学符号表示,分别分析了RS-232、RS-422、RS-485、ARINC429和MIL-STD-1553B总线的拓扑结构,并结合实例给出了相应的数学描述.简洁、严谨、无歧义的数学描述有利于对机载数据总线拓扑结构的理解,为进一步的总线拓扑结构可视化和航空电子系统的系统集成提供了理论基础.     

航空电子总线性能分析

以排队论为工具，建立了航空电子综合化网络系统的模型，对以“MIL-STD-1553B”数据传输总线为互联网络接口的航空电子综合化系统的时间性能指标进行了定量的分析和研究，对航空电子综合化网络系统的结构和动态特性进行了描述、分析。     

New Data Bus Interface Technique

Data bus systems as defined in MIL-STD-1553B are widely used in aerospace instrumentation systems for digital data transmissions between units on the bus. Although the bus is protected against a short circuit which may occur in the remote unit electronics or transformer, it has no protection against a cable termination failure. Open or short failure along main bus cable results in failure of the entire bus system. A new data bus interface technique is described which is insensitive to cable termination failure. The central feature of this new interface circuit is that communication between main unit and remote units is not affected by the cable termination failure. In applications such as multistage missiles, no provisions need be made for retermination in the cable characteristic impedance after stage separation. The key to this new technique is a directional coupling transformer which is only slightly more complicated than standard interface transformers. Design equations for directional coupling transformer and experimental results of new data bus systems are presented.     

Design issues for MIL-STD-1773 optical fiber avionics data buses

In this paper, several design issues on highly reliable MIL-STD-1773 (or 1553B) optical fiber avionics data buses are investigated. Two optical modulation techniques are proposed for avionics data buses, and they can be used to efficiently solve the problems associated with the fast identification of correct operation states for optical transmitters while maintaining less complexity of transceivers. The implementation of the proposed techniques is discussed. We also deal with the selection of optical devices and fibers to improve the reliability and power budget of optical fiber avionics data buses. Furthermore, some future improvements on avionics data bus systems are pointed out     

虚拟仪器在1553B总线通信系统中的应用

现代航空通信系统大多建立MIL－STD－1553B多路传输数据总线通信网络基础上，应用于1553B总线通信系统中的虚拟仪器技术实时监控／回放总线信息，分析故障原因，协助验证总线设计。本文就虚拟仪器在1553B总线通信系统中的应用进行了初步探讨。     

航空电子系统MIL-STD-1553通信网络接口验证测试

MIL-STD-1553数据总线为航空电子系统提供了一个系统支撑数据交换网络,它是航空电子系统集成的纽带,其通信完成的质量直接影响航空电子系统设计的成败。本文首先介绍了航空电子系统MIL-STD-1553基于OSI模型的通信终端的基本结构;然后给出了对网络接口执行测试的内容,包括MIL-STD-1553标准协议验证测试、应用网络通信协议验证测试和实时通信验证测试。这三种类型的测试将全面验证MIL-STD-1553通信终端的设计是否满足MIL-STD-1553标准通信协议及航空电子系统通信协议的要求。     

The IMAGE Observatory

The Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) mission will be the first of the new Medium-class Explorer (MIDEX) missions to fly. IMAGE will utilize a combination of ultraviolet and neutral atom imaging instruments plus an RF sounder to map and image the temporal and spatial features of the magnetosphere. The eight science sensors are mounted to a single deckplate. The deckplate is enveloped in an eight-sided spacecraft bus, 225 cm across the flats, developed by Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space Corporation. Constructed of laminated aluminum honeycomb panels, covered extensively by Gallium Arsenide solar cells, the spacecraft structure is designed to withstand the launch loads of a Delta 7326-9.5 ELV. Attitude control is via a single magnetic torque rod and passive nutation damper with aspect information provided by a star camera, sun sensor, and three-axis magnetometer. A single S-band transponder provides telemetry and command functionality. Interfaces between the self-contained payload and the spacecraft are limited to MIL-STD-1553 and power. This paper lists the requirements that drove the design of the IMAGE Observatory and the implementation that met the requirements.     

基于BU-61580的MIL-STD-1553B远程终端设计

介绍了MIL-STD-1553B总线和BU-61580芯片的特点,给出了基于BU-61580的MIL-STD-1553B远程终端设计思路和方法。最后结合工程实际给出了利用单片机MS1210Y5对BU-61580的初始化、接收、发送过程。     

光纤通道中的1553总线技术

光纤通道是新一代网络和总线技术,具有兼容性好、延迟低、可靠性高、传输速度快和传输距离远等优点。本文具体介绍了光纤通道对MIL-STD-1553的兼容与系统综合。     

基于VxWorks的惯性平台测试系统构建及BSP设计

本文提出了一种基于VxWorks的惯性平台测试计算机系统的构建方案,并设计了相应的BSP。该方案是以工控机为基础,通过添加PCI设备进行功能扩充,添加的PCI设备有以太网设备、RS-422通讯设备、MIL-STD-1553B通讯设备,此外还添加了一块并口硬盘。这种方案将工控机的强大计算能力与VxWorks实时特性相结合,并使工控机具有网络通讯、RS-422通讯、MIL-STD-1553B通讯、大量数据存储等功能,同时这种方案具有低成本、易实现的优点。