Noise Suppression Characteristics of a dc-to-dc Converter

Analytical and experimental considerations of the noise suppression characteristics of a typical dc-to-dc converter with a two-winding reactor are described. The high-frequency equivalent circuits for external noise are presented which are composed of parasitic parameters and have parallel and series resonances. The high-frequency responses calculated from these equivalent circuits agree well with the experimental results. Effects of the parasitic parameters on the noise suppression capability are discussed.     

Noise Generation of a Switching Regulator

Analytical and experimental considerations on the surge and noise generated in a typical switching regulator are discussed. There are two kinds of surges which occur in the switching instants of the transistor. These surges appear as high voltages across the semiconductor elements and decrease their reliabilities. Corresponding to the surge generation, noise voltages appear in the output terminals and may induce malfunctions of a signal processing device connected to the regulator. We analyze these surge and noise voltages by means of high-frequency equivalent circuits.     

Cross Noise in Multi-Output DC-to-DC Converters

In a multi-output dc-to-dc converter with cross regulation, the noise generated in one of the multiple loads is transmitted to the other loads. It is called ?cross noise.? This cross noise is analyzed and experimental results are given. High-frequency equivalent circuits, which are composed of parasitic parameters and have several parallel and series resonances, are presented for cross noise in a two-output dc-to-dc converter. The frequency responses versus 100 kHz through 10 MHz noise are calculated from these equivalent circuits and agree well with experimental results.     

微机电陀螺解调过程中的噪声传递机理研究

微机电陀螺的噪声性能是衡量陀螺综合性能的重要指标之一,不仅与陀螺本身机械结构有关,还与其测控电路有着密切联系。本文将通过理论推导计算出噪声经过乘法解调和开关解调时的传递机理,指出开关解调会使解调信号中的谐波成分和解调输入噪声向解调后的基带中进行混叠,相对于纯正弦解调会增大噪声,最后应用LabVIEW软件进行纯软件仿真和半实物仿真验证,并通过实际测试数据证明其正确性,为陀螺解调方案的选择提供依据。     

Soft-switching single-stage AC-to-DC converter with low harmonic distortion

A 1 /spl phi/ high-frequency (HF) transformer isolated, soft-switching single-stage ac-dc converter with low line-current harmonic distortion is presented. Its operation is explained with equivalent circuits for the various intervals. The converter is analyzed and design curves are obtained. An optimization parameter is introduced and a systematic design procedure is illustrated with a design example. Detailed SPICE simulation and experimental results of a 500 W converter with load as well as line voltage variation are given to verify theory. The proposed converter employs a zero-voltage transition (ZVT) network to ensure zero-voltage switching (ZVS) at all loads, and natural power factor correction is ensured using a simple control circuit.     

Modeling double-layer capacitor behavior using ladder circuits

The double-layer capacitor (DLC) is a very complex device that is best represented by a distributed parameter system. Many different lumped-parameter equivalent circuits have been proposed for the DLC. An examination into utilizing a ladder circuit to model a DLC is presented. Parameters for different ladder circuits are determined from AC impedance data. Variations in circuit parameters with DC bias and manufacturing have been investigated. The performance of the ladder circuit has been evaluated in slow discharge and pulse load applications.     

Common-Mode Noise Generation in a DC-to-DC Converter

Analytical and experimental considerations of the common-mode noise in a dc-to-dc connverterare discussed. Analyzing the mechanism of the common-mode noise generation by means of a high-frequency equivalent circuit, we estimate the output noise voltage generated during the transistor's turn-on time. This commonmode noise consists mainly of two frequency components distributed in several megahertz. The effects of parasitic parameters on the noise voltage and frequencies are clarified. In addition, the effect of a common-mode choke on the noise suppression is discussed experimentally.     

火箭发动机燃气射流喷水降噪研究

采用有限体积法预估喷水对火箭燃气射流气动噪声的抑制程度.建立并求解了守恒的控制体的质量、动量和能量方程,得到了燃气和水掺混后的等效射流参数,分析了水和燃气的质量流率比对等效射流参数和降噪效果的影响.计算结果和试验数据的结果基本吻合.结果显示,当水和燃气的质量流率比超过一个临界值之后,降噪效率会降低.      

BuckBoost变换电路DCM动态建模分析

以BuckBoost电路为例,求解了变换器的平均模型及其线性化后的小信号模型。利用Simulink软件分别搭建状态平均方程等效电路、线性化小信号模型等效电路。通过动态模型仿真与开关器件电路仿真结果对比,验证了动态模型的正确性,讨论了断续电流模式(DCM)平均模型的适用范围与存在的缺陷。理论分析结果表明:大信号和小信号模型,在宏观时间尺度上,可以较好地模拟实际开关电路的动态特性。小信号模型只能用来求解扰动较小的情况,即当扰动过大时,小信号模型求解的误差将会很大。     

修正Rodrigues参数在飞行器定姿中的应用(英文)

There are two attitude estimation algorithms based on the different representations of attitude errors when modified Rodrigues parameters are applied to attitude estimation. The first is multiplicative error attitude estimator （MEAE）, whose attitude error is expressed by the modified Rodrigues parameters representing the rotation from the estimated to the true attitude. The second is subtractive error attitude estimator （SEAE）, whose attitude error is expressed by the arithmetic difference between the true and the estimated attitudes. It is proved that the two algorithms are equivalent in the case of small attitude errors. It is possible to describe rotation without encountering singularity by switching between the modified Rodrigues parameters and their shadow parameters. The attitude parameter switching does not bring disturbance to MEAE, but it does to SEAE. This article introduces a modification to eliminate the disturbance on SEAE, and simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the presented algorithm.     

Optimum Design of RC Snubbers for Switching Regulators

The optimum design of an RC snubber to suppress the surge voltage across the transistor in a switching regulator with a two-winding reactor is presented. Analyzing the surge voltage by means of high-frequency equivalent circuits, we obtain the third-order characteristic equation. This third-order equation is first analyzed by the aid of the root locus method. As a result, the region where the surge voltage can be suppressed is described in the R-C plane. Then considering the snubber loss, the optimum resistance and capacitance can be obtained. Second, the precise design procedure of RC snubbers is discussed by normalization and numerical calculations. This procedure is summarized in easy-to-use nomographs.     

基于系统级测量参量的红外成像仿真方法

针对新型红外成像系统的成像特性,通过对光电场景图像与系统输出图像特性的客观比较,推导了场景图像灰度到光电成像系统输出图像的灰度转换模型;首次提出了基于系统级的测量参数:SiTF、MTF、NETD、噪声等效背景照度的光电输出成像的仿真方法,并给出了仿真结果.最后现场试验验证了其合理性.     

Identification Method for RLG Random Errors Based on Allan Variance and Equivalent Theorem

An identification method using Allan variance and equivalent theorem is proposed to identify non-stationary sensor errors mixed out of different simple noises. This method firstly derives the discrete Allan variances of all component noises inherent in noise sources in terms of their different equations; then the variances are used to estimate the parameters of all component noise models; finally, the original errors are represented by the sum of the non-stationary component noise model and the equivalent model mixed out of the stationary and critically stationary component noises. Results of two examples for identification confirm the superiority of this approach regardless of the errors being stationary or not. The comparison of results of real ring laser gyro (RLG) errors processed by various methods shows that the proposed approach is more suited to depict the original noises than common ones.     

Modeling Piecewise-Linear Systems by Topological Techniques

Flowgraph techniques are extended to systems with piecewise-linear characteristics by developing criteria for construction of an optimum model from related subregions in which linearity holds. This requires the synthesis of several known techniques and results in a wide range of useful applications including: 1) devices with nonlinear characteristics which may be considered as linear over certain subregions; 2) networks whose response to changes in applied signal frequency or magnitude may be approximated by piecewise-linear asymptotes; 3) systems processing two or more signals simultaneously with different transfer or immitance characteristics for each signal; 4) circuits approximated by different equivalent circuits depending on the numerical values of critical parameters. Representative examples will illustrate these and similar applications. Procedures are presented to provide a logical, orderly, and effective approach to construct a model, to determine figures of merit, and to optimize the model for a prescribed region of operation or for a desired range of parameters.     

方腔流致振荡及噪声的数值研究

采用直接数值模拟方法,研究了低Reynolds数下L/D=2的方腔亚声速流致振荡现象及其诱导的噪声。结果表明,在所计算的参数范围内,振荡都是由Rossiter II模态主导;来流边界层变薄会导致低频成分的出现,其产生的直接原因是涡与后拐角撞击方式的切换,根源在于回流区与剪切层相互作用形式的不稳定。采用本征正交分解(POD)方法,分析了不同振荡形式所对应的本征模态涡结构及其与后拐角撞击方式的关系。计算得到并分析了声波的产生和传播过程,结果与已有实验结果和理论模型符合良好。     

Design and Application of Discrete Sliding Mode Control with RBF Network-based Switching Law

This article proposes a novel approach combining exponential-reaching-law-based equivalent control law with radial basis function (RBF) network-based switching law to strengthen the sliding mode control (SMC) tracking capacity for systems with uncertainties and disturbances. First, SMC discrete equivalent control law is designed on the basis of the nominal model of the system and the adaptive exponential reaching law, and subsequently, stability of the algorithm is analyzed. Second, RBF network is used to form the switching law in a direct and online manner with sliding-mode-related inputs and by approximating evaluation function; and the method to adjust its parameters is devised. Finally, comparable experiments are carried out to verify the application of the proposed approach to an inner-axis driven by a direct current (DC) torque motor through extra-low speed servo for a high precision flight simulator, and the axis works under deteriorating conditions such as periodically fluctuating torques of motor, nonlinear friction, and time-varying model parameters. The results show that the combined SMC can effectively improve the servo performance, for instance, to a stable 0.000 08 (°)/s speed response, the tracking error would be within 0.000 08° in 98% of operating times. Moreover, the hybrid nature of the approach imparts the RBF network the features of removing offline training and ease to set initial parameters.     

高频振荡器噪声分析

 本文将高频振荡器视为具有深度正反馈噪声放大器。对它分析,给出正弦波信号的谱、等效带宽及相位噪声谱;同时还提出诸如高频振荡器内部产生的随机游走噪声形成机理等新看法。     

混合型逆变器的空间矢量调制策略优化

高速永磁同步电机驱动系统具有电磁时间常数小、高速区载波比低的特征,加剧了电流纹波,影响系统效率、振动噪声和电磁干扰。为降低高速永磁同步电机的电流纹波,基于SiC-MOSFET/Si-IGBT混合型逆变器设计了一种改进型低损耗空间矢量调制算法。首先,通过调整零电压矢量的生成方式和各功率器件的开关动作时序,将大部分开关动作转移至低损耗的SiC-MOSFET中,并为高损耗的Si-IGBT提供零电压开关条件,降低了逆变器损耗,提高了驱动系统的效率和可用开关频率,逆变器开关频率的提高有效降低了电机电流纹波。其次,对该算法作用时的电流纹波特性进行深入分析,在此基础上提出一种变开关频率模式的最优交轴电流纹波峰值调制算法以优化交轴电流纹波性能。然后,根据预测的交轴电流纹波峰值实时调整载波频率,通过削峰填谷的方式对交轴电流纹波进行平均,在不增加开关损耗的条件下,分散开关能量、降低转矩脉动、改善振动噪声和电磁兼容性能。所提方案的优势在于：较于传统型逆变器,逆变器开关损耗降低、效率提高,可进一步提升开关频率以改善电流纹波;较于传统空间矢量调制算法,改进了电压矢量的生成方式,并利用载波频率这一新增自由度分散能量,降低了交轴电流纹波。最后,通过仿真与实验对所提出算法的有效性进行了验证。     

模块化精密角度测量系统的动态检测

介绍采用霍尔开关测量角度系统动态精度的一种方法,详细介绍了动态检测装置、霍尔开关电路及其使用,最后对检测结果进行了分析讨论。     

一种涡扇发动机加减速转速变化率闭环控制技术

针对涡扇发动机加减速的特点和控制需求,在对比现有控制算法的基础上提出一种新的转速变化率(N-dot)闭环控制技术。通过引入积分补偿,消除了原理性稳态误差,且控制参数机理清晰,易于设计,具备较高的工程应用价值。针对控制回路切换带来积分饱和的技术难点,设计工程实用的输出回归抗积分饱和方法,实现与其它控制器协调工作。基于涡扇发动机开展了Matlab桌面仿真研究和台架试验验证,结果表明,本文提出的控制技术能够取得满意的控制效果:N-dot反馈能够很好跟随N-dot期望指令,跟随误差在当前期望值的±10%以内,控制算法对噪声不敏感,对于涡扇发动机加减速过程多控制回路切换场景,不存在回路干扰和积分饱和现象。