卫星通信中有记忆功放预失真研究进展

目前,卫星通信面临频谱资源紧张和功放功率效率低等问题,虽然采用高阶调制方式可缓解资源紧张问题,但信号通过功放时会产生失真,影响通信质量。功率回退法可在一定程度上改善信号的失真,但会导致功放功率效率不高。功放线性化技术是改善信号质量、提高功放功率效率的有效途径之一。针对卫星通信传输面临的问题,简要介绍目前国内外关于功放线性化技术的研究状况,对各种技术的实现原理和主要的技术手段进行介绍和总结,分析其优缺点;同时,介绍了为提高精度而融合多种预失真技术的预失真算法应用情况;并针对高峰均比等特殊信号,概述了目前信号预处理技术和预失真技术的联合使用情况。最后,指出预失真技术未来的发展方向。     

基于Chebyshev正交多项式滤波器实现HPA自适应预失真

在全数字正交调制体制下，推导了辨识模式和非辨识模式的无记忆非线性HPA预失真方法及其自适应算法。鉴于Chebyshev正交多项式具有逼近任意非线性函数的特点，提出基于Chebyshev正交多项式滤波器实现HPA的自适应预失真。仿真结果表明，该数字预失真方法补偿效果好，自适应能力强，性能稳定。     

基于Laguerre函数的高压力非线性传感器补偿研究

针对高压力传感器线性化输出的结果不准确的现象,研究了具有针对性的Duffing非线性系统。用传感器的输出数据作为补偿器的输入,传感器的输入数据作为补偿器的输出,进行基于Laguerre函数的非线性动态补偿器的设计研究。该方法无需知道传感器的非线性阶数,对于外界干扰有较强的抑制作用,对于时延对象也具有一定的优势。利用该补偿器对传感器进行动态补偿,将补偿结果与阶跃响应输出进行对比,结果表明该非线性模型补偿的有效性。     

导航卫星星间链路信号质量参数评估算法

传统的微波调制信号质量评估需要将微波信号变频到中频后进行处理,变频处理会引起非线性失真问题,而且星间链路信号许多关键质量参数如相位一致性、相关损失、I/Q(Inphase/Quadrature,同相/正交)支路功率比等无法用传统评估方法完成,针对这些问题,提出了采用软件无线电技术的导航卫星星间链路信号质量评估算法,利用高速采样器对导航卫星的星间链路信号进行直接射频采样,在数字域对星间链路信号进行相关接收和解调,实现所有关键质量参数的评估.该方法避免了使用变频器带来的附加失真,采用该方法完成实际星载设备的信号质量评估的结果表明,该评估算法精度高,能满足导航卫星星间链路设备信号质量参数评估要求.     

非线性反馈线性化方法在飞控系统中的应用

应用非线性反馈精确线性化方法进行了飞机自动着陆系统设计。首先,用非线性微分方程组表示的飞机纵向控制系统,在经过输入输出反馈线性化以后,可等效为线性系数;然后,用线性的ＰＩＤ控制方法对变换后的线性系统进行了设计;最后,考虑风的干扰,对所设计的飞机自动着陆控制系统进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,用反馈线性化方法设计的飞控系统具有良好的性能。     

基于核函数的后置非线性盲源分离算法在铁磁材料缺陷检测中的应用研究

磁记忆信号检测是分析铁磁材料缺陷和缺陷定位的一种有效方法。由于检测环境噪声、缺陷磁记忆信号弱以及缺陷位置重合引起的信号抵消等原因，易导致传感器采集到的是多维混合磁记忆加噪声复杂信号，体现出较强的盲特性。如何从观测信号中提取有效缺陷信号是分析缺陷类型及定位的关键，传统的降噪方法无法从混合磁记忆观测信号中有效分离缺陷特征信号。文章提出基于核函数的后置非线性盲源分离算法对地下埋管磁记忆信号进行分离，通过与经典盲分离算法Fast ICA进行算法性能比较，表明新算法能够较好地从混合信号中提取有效缺陷特征。     

飞机纵向非线性系统的鲁棒输出跟踪控制器设计

研究了单输入单输出非线性不确定系统的鲁棒输出跟踪控制。在标称系统可输入/输出线性化、不确定性项有界且满足广义匹配条件的情况下,可得到系统的高增益鲁棒输出跟踪控制器。鲁棒控制器仅依赖于设计参数和不确定性的界。将该方法应用于飞机纵向高阶非线性动态的控制器设计,并进行了数字仿真。结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于非线性多基站分布式混沌随机共振方法的无线通信系统定位技术研究

针对传统的无线定位方法容易受到接收信号信噪比低和无法接收直射信号的影响,将导致其性能下降乃至严重时方法失效。提出了一种基于非线性多基站分布式混沌随机共振信号增强技术的无线通信系统定位方法,通过利用基站端的接收阵列构造接收信号的分布式功率谱,并对多个接收基站的分布式功率谱进行融合,可以较为有效地解决上述问题。通过仿真,验证了所提出方法的可行性和有效性,与传统无线定位方法相比,该方法的定位精度得到了有效改善。     

行波管放大器非线性特性对调幅信号边带压缩影响

为了更精确地测试星上功率放大器的饱和点,研究分析了TWTA(Travelling-Wave Tube Amplifier,行波管放大器)的非线性特性对AM(Amplitude Modulation,调幅)信号的边带压缩影响。文中基于Saleh模型描述TWTA,分析其在AM信号放大过程中的非线性特性,研究表明:随着输入AM信号的功率不断增大,放大后的输出信号畸变越来越严重;该变化主要体现在AM信号的边带上,与线性工作区相比,在TWTA的饱和点处,经放大后的AM信号的边带压缩程度达到最大。实验结果与理论分析结果完全一致。该研究为通信卫星星上功放饱和点测试提供了一种可行方法。     

宽带卫星通信信号的多维星座图解调方法

高速卫星数据传输需要利用较高调制维度和较多星座点数来实现,一方面导致接收端具有较大实现复杂度,另一方面系统可靠性极易受信道非线性影响。针对以上问题,通过对多维星座图信号的解调性能进行理论分析,得到极大后验概率（MAP）解调误符号率（SER）的理论公式,在保证系统SER性能的基础上,提出了基于星座图相关的检测方法。该方法利用脉冲正交性得到接收星座点,对其进行向量相关运算得到解调数据,有效降低了解调判决过程的复杂度。针对信号经过高功率放大器（HPA）后的非线性失真问题,建立了HPA信道估计模型,利用最小二乘（LS）信道估计方法对原解调星座图进行修正,提出了基于修正星座图的解调方法。仿真结果表明,该方法在降低实现复杂度的同时,有效提高了系统抗HPA信道非线性失真的能力,可实现对宽带高速卫星通信信号的高效准确解调。     

Adaptive suppression of passive intermodulation in digital satellite transceivers

For the performance issues of satellite transceivers suffering passive intermodulation interference,a novel and effective digital suppression algorithm is presented in this paper.In con trast to analog approaches,digital passive intermodulation (PIM) suppression approaches can be easily reconfigured and therefore are highly attractive for future satellite communication systems.A simplified model of nonlinear distortion from passive microwave devices is established in consid eration of the memory effect.The multiple high-order PIM products falling into the receiving band can be described as a bilinear predictor function.A suppression algorithm based on a bilinear poly nomial decorrelated adaptive filter is proposed for baseband digital signal processing.In consideration of the time-varying characteristics of passive intermodulation,this algorithm can achieve the rapidness of online interference estimation and low complexity with less consumption of resources.Numerical simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively compensate the passive intermodulation interference,and achieve a high signal-to-interference ratio gain.     

基于功率复用的椭圆球面波函数非正交调制方法

围绕如何降低基于椭圆球面波函数的非正交调制（PSWF-NPSM）系统误码率，降低信号检测复杂度，引入调制信号功率复用思想，提出基于功率复用的椭圆球面波函数非正交调制（PD-PSWF-NPSM）方法。该方法对载波信号按子波带进行功率分配，增加了调制信号最小欧式距离，降低了系统误码率；在接收端，提出基于检测统计量的串行干扰相消信号检测方法，依据不同支路信号间功率差异，对信号进行分离、检测。理论与仿真分析表明，该方法在不降低系统频带利用率、调制信号功率谱、峰均功率比特性前提下，能够有效提高系统误码性能，降低调制信号检测复杂度；与原非正交调制方法相比，当误比特率（BER）为10^-5时，所提方法系统误码性能提升约1.7 dB。     

Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Nonlinear Satellite Links-A Volterra Series Approach

An analytical solution to the problem of modeling bandpass nonlinear channels and evaluating the performance of digital communication systems operating on them is presented. A method based on a Volterra series representation of the overall channel is first proposed, which allows one to extend to nonlinearities with memory the well-known concepts of complex envelope of bandpass signals and low-pass equivalent of bandpass linear systems. The general results previously mentioned are then applied to digital satellite communication systems operating over nonlinear channels. The effect of a nonlinear amplifier located in the satellite is considered, in combination with that of transmitting and receiving filters located in the Earth stations. In addition, both uplink and downlink noise are taken into account. Basic advantages of this approach are the generality it offers to the analysis and the fact that it allows accurate evaluation of the error probability in a short computer time.     

ABORT-like detector to combat active deceptive jamming in a network of LFM radars

This paper studies an electronic counter-counter measures (ECCM) scheme combating against deceptive electronic counter measure (ECM) techniques.An adaptive detector exploiting generalized likelihood ratio test (GRLT) criterion is applied to detect the presence of deceptive jamming in fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) domain.First,the generating mechanism of spurious frequencies is analyzed based on the Volterra serial.The proposed nonlinear distortion model based on power amplifier behavior is robust in distortion analysis when the memory effect is considered.Second,a modified adaptive beamformer orthogonal rejection test (ABORT) like detector in closed form is built.The proposed detector can discriminate the echo and deceptive jamming adaptively by exploiting primary data and secondary data.This ECCM scheme is capable of guaranteeing the performance without the restriction of orthogonality,which is essential for the ABORT detectors.The expansion to radar network is discussed as a special case at the final part of this paper.Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

An Experimental Determination of Distortion and Delay in the FM-FM Telemetry System of the Saturn Space Vehicle

The distortion of the FM-FM Saturn telemetry system for dc input (static error) has been the subject of many studies. The purpose of this correspondence is to measure the additional distortion (dynamic error) that results when the input signal is time-varying. A digital method is developed for measuring both the system delay and the system mean square error for various input signals.     

针对SF6分解气的多参数综合监测平台设计

设计了SF6分解气多参数综合监测平台,选择多频正弦调制方法研发了基于FPGA的多通道锁相放大电路,并对多通道锁相放大原理进行了理论推导,提出一种多频调制信号的频率分配原则.搭建针对多组分气体的多参数综合监测平台,给出温度、压强、微水、SF6纯度等传感器的集成方案.实验结果表明,本系统平台能够从较低浓度的H2S、HF、CO混合气体中正确解调出二次谐波信号,不同气体的二次谐波之间干扰性较小,对弱吸收的CO气体信号提高2个数量级,实现了多组分微量气体的同时监测.     

一种基于EPLL技术的自适应正交解调技术研究

针对过零检测实现的全数字锁相环不仅锁相速度慢, 而且过零点的扰动会 直接影响锁相精度以及适合模拟电路实现的相干解调技术,在数字电路中实现则需要设 计高阶数字低通滤波器,将占用大量数字电路资源并且会显著增加系统功耗等问题,在 设计一种新型全数字锁相环(All-digital Enhanced Phase-lock Loop,EPLL)的基础上,结合自 适应正交解调技术,提出了一种基于EPLL 技术的自适应正交解调技术方案,并对该方 案进行了研究与仿真。仿真得到了满意的结果,验证了基于EPLL 技术的自适应正交解 调技术方案的可行性,并研究验证了算法的参数变化对其性能的影响,为今后算法在数 字系统中的实现以及其在各领域的应用研究奠定了坚实的基础。     

基于协方差矩阵高阶幂的二维DOA估计新算法

 针对稀疏分解方法进行均匀圆阵(UCA)的二维波达方向(DOA)估计运算复杂度大的问题,提出了一种基于协方差矩阵高阶幂稀疏分解的二维DOA估计新算法。该算法首先利用协方差矩阵高阶幂无需进行特征值分解和信源数估计的特性,构建了协方差矩阵高阶幂的稀疏分解向量;然后运用粒度分层思想,构造了粗区域估计和细方位估计的分层多粒度的快速分解模型,分层字典的长度大大减少,在保持估计精度的前提下,算法运算时间远小于现有的恒定冗余字典的稀疏分解方法,从而解决了基于稀疏分解的圆阵二维DOA估计问题。论文提出的算法与二维MUSIC算法相比,估计精度高,且能满足对相干信号的估计。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性和可行性。     

Codes cross-correlation analysis and data/pilot code pairs optimization for Galileo E1 OS and GPS L1C

The Galileo E1 open service (OS) and the global positioning system (GPS) L1C are intending to use the multiplexed binary offset carrier (MBOC) modulation in E1/L1 band, including both pilot and data components. The impact of data and pilot codes cross-correlation on the distortion of the discriminator function (i.e., the S-curve) is investigated, when only the pilot (or data) components of MBOC signals are tracked. It is shown that the modulation schemes and the receiver configuration (e.g., the correlator spacing) strongly affect the S-curve bias. In this paper, two methods are proposed to optimize the data/pilot code pairs of Galileo E1 OS and GPS L1C. The optimization goal is to obtain the minimum average S-curve bias when tracking only the pilot components a the specific correlator spacing. Figures of merit, such as S-curve bias, correlation loss and code tracking variance have been adopted for analyzing and comparing the un-optimized and optimized code pairs. Simulation results show that the optimized data/pilot code pairs could significantly mitigate the intra-channel codes cross-correlation, and then improve the code tracking performance of MBOC signals.