基于Saber的运算放大器模型及参数测试方法分析

运算放大器是测量和测试电路中最为常见的元器件之一,在电路级仿真中常对元器件库中或者自己建立的运算放大器模型进行性能参数测试和验证。本文介绍了放大器的基本作用及主要性能指标,阐述了Saber仿真软件元器件库中的4类运算放大器的关键参数含义及使用方法,并使用Saber软件搭建最简测试电路,通过仿真测试运算放大器的输入失调电压、失调电流、共模抑制比和增益带宽积等关键性能参数。仿真结果表明测试电路及测试方法能简单高效并准确地测量出运算放大器模型的性能参数。     

高超声速飞行器鼻锥迎风凹腔结构防热效能研究

对高超声速飞行器鼻锥使用迎风凹腔结构作为热防护系统时,凹腔结构的防热效能进行了数值研究。通过与相关实验对比,验证了本文数值方法的可靠性,获得了鼻锥的流场参数,外表面、凹腔内壁面的热流分布,分析了不同的凹腔尺寸参数选择对鼻锥冷却效果的影响。结果表明迎风凹腔结构能够有效的对高超声速飞行器的鼻锥尤其是驻点区域进行冷却,凹腔越深,其冷却效果越好。鼻锥气动加热的最大热流并不在尖锐唇缘的顶点,而是位于凹腔内的侧壁面上,凹腔的深度(L)变化对最大热流的出现位置影响很小。除非凹腔很浅(L/D<0.5),凹腔底面的热流值都非常小,基本可以忽略。     

固体推进剂裂纹不变形假设使用条件的研究

建立了描述固体推进剂裂纹腔内瞬时对流燃烧过程的数学模型，数值求解该数学模型得到了气相参数沿裂纹长度方向的分布，通过对比定量地讨论了裂纹变形对裂纹腔内对流燃烧流场的影响，其结果为裂纹不变形假设的合理使用提供了理论依据。     

宽频带运算放大器的优化设计

本文从组成宽频带运算放大器的原则出发,提出了几种实现宽频带运算放大器的电路方案,编制了通用电路分析及优化程序,并用这个程序对一个实用电路进行了优化设计,这一工作对如何提高数字万用表的交流精度具有重要意义。     

实现给定传递函数的模拟电路中的静态问题

实现给定传递函数的模拟电路一般包含若干个运算放大器及电阻、电容等元器件。为了使电路正常工作,就要使运算放大器在输入信号的整个变化范围内,始终处于线性状态。本文从理论上对这一问题进行了分析,经实验证实是正确的,这一方法对于工程设计具有指导意义。     

星载双行波管放大器的高效率Buck电路设计

行波管放大器具有可靠性高、输出功率大、宽频带、寿命长、线性度高等诸多优点，在星载大功率部件中扮演着重要角色。为了实现星载行波管放大器的轻量化和高效率，文章设计了一种星载大功率双行波管放大器用电源。通过优化设计Buck电路辅助开关管的工作时序，推导出了时序电路的优化设计公式，选用高饱和磁通密度的磁芯来合理设计辅助电感量，使双行波管放大器电源在整个宽负载范围下均实现了Buck电路的软开关工作，给出了满载下Buck电路的软开关实验波形。实验结果表明该设计可以显著提高双行波管电源中Buck电路的效率，整个负载范围内的效率均高于95%，最高效率达到了97.5%，降低了放大器的电源功耗，提高了双行波管放大器的整机效率和可靠性，降低了载荷的重量。     

中频放大器相位参数对导弹引信整机动作相位参数及相位电压参数影响的机理

分析了某型中频放大器相位参数对所属导弹引起信整机动作相位参数及相位电压参数影响的机理，给出了数学模型和验证性试验，两者的结论是一致的。     

使用数据表缩短有源滤波器的设计时间

使用归一化的元件数据表可以设计出低通和高通布特沃斯—汤姆逊滤波器(以下简称布—汤滤波器)。在布—汤滤波器中使用运算放大器,其增益为1或无限大。此种滤波器可高达10阶。     

薄壁内、外半管冲压成形工艺参数模拟优化设计

针对内、外半管的结构特点,分析计算冲压成形主要工艺参数及毛坯尺寸,运用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,对内、外半管的成形过程进行了模拟。研究了不同压边力及不同冲压速度对零件拉深成形的影响,分析了零件的成形工艺及其起皱缺陷,优化了毛坯形状,避免了成形过程中的缺陷,获得了理想的毛坯形状和工艺参数。     

级联宽带开关和放大器的设计和实验

叙述了３ｍｍ微波辐射计接收机前端的级联宽带开关和放大器的设计与实验结果；该级联器件的噪声系数为ＮＦ≤３ｄＢ，增益Ｇ为７２ｄＢ，带宽范围为１００～１０００ＭＨｚ。开关是ＨＰ公司的ＭＧＳ－７１００８开关管，其３ｄＢ带宽为ＤＣ～３０００ＭＨｚ，放大器则用ＡＴ－４１５８６微波晶体三极管和ＩＮＡ－１０３８６集成微波放大器进行放大器的设计。对放大器的多种因素作了考虑，给出了放大器的电路结构，对级联器件在不同状态作了测试，得到三种曲线。结果表明，用于３ｍｍ双通道机载辐射成像系统时，工作稳定，成像效果良好。     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

火箭推进剂液体晃动关机响应的数值仿真

本文采用VOF方法对火箭发动机关机阶段所引起的液体晃动进行了数值仿真，以氧化剂贮箱为例，得到了贮箱无阻尼环和带阻尼环时的晃动仿真图和液体质心变化曲线，检验了VOF方法处理碎波的能力。