基于自由胀形的弯曲管材变形行为

随着制造业轻量化的发展趋势,复杂弯曲异形充液成形管件的应用日益广泛。为了更好地研究弯曲异形复杂管件在充液成形过程中的变形规律,进行可靠的工艺设计。本文通过结合薄膜理论和塑性变形理论对弯曲管件在自由胀形状态下的应力应变进行了理论解析,并通过有限元(FE)分析对理论计算模型进行了验证。FE分析结果与理论模型基本吻合。同时分析了管材在绕弯过程的硬化行为,并探索了在不同的弯曲硬化状态下弯曲管材在自由胀形过程下的破裂位置的规律,并且用实验进行了验证,实验结果与FE分析结果吻合。     

高强度铝合金7804-T6板材温拉伸本构方程

通过在293~573K的温度范围内和应变速率为0.0006~0.06s^-1下对高强度铝合金7B04-T6薄板进行温拉伸试验,研究了高强度铝合金温拉伸性能,以及该合金在升温条件下流变应力与变形温度、应变速率之间的关系,可以得出结论:合金的流动应力随温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的升高而升高;延伸率随变形温度的升高而增大,随应变速率的增大而减小,并基于Fields and Backofen方程建立了该型铝合金在温拉伸时应力-应变模型.     

大型网状天线展开过程温度及展开时机分析

大型网状天线在轨展开过程复杂,风险大。反射器在展开过程中的温度影响展开动力与碳纤维管件抗弯能力,是反射器展开安全的关键因素。通过测试得到反射器展开动力的传动效率、桁架管件抗弯能力随温度变化规律,即-65℃时管件抗弯能力最好,而传动效率随温度升高而提高。通过建立大型网状天线有限元模型与节点矩阵转换算法,模拟展开臂与反射器的展开过程,对管件与T型铰链在轨温度变化规律进行分析,确定最佳展开时机,降低展开过程中展开动力不足、管件强度过载等风险。分析结果表明：布置在地球静止轨道卫星东舱板的大型网状天线展开时机为6:00~9:00时,管件抗弯能力最强;展开时机为4:00时,T型铰链展开动力传动效率最高。     

同位素热源高温-冲击复合环境试验

为了考察深空探测器同位素热源模拟样品在高温–冲击复合环境下的环境可靠性,研制了一套高温–冲击复合环境试验装置。该装置由温度加载系统、冲击试验系统、带有热防护功能的夹具和控制系统等组成。该装置可完成室温约500℃热载荷加载。利用该试验装置对同位素热源模拟样品进行了500℃、5 000次的高温–冲击复合环境试验考核,获得了产品温升响应曲线、冲击波形图等相关试验信息。试验结果表明该试验装置能够进行高温–冲击复合环境试验。     

直齿锥齿轮齿根应力的有限元分析

根据展成法加工的直齿圆锥齿轮的齿面和齿根过渡曲面方程，建立了轮齿弯曲强度计算的精确的有限元模型，用柔度矩阵法确定接触线上的载荷分布，进行计算齿根应力，根据上述方法，编制了相应的微机程序，本程序可一次求解多个啮合位置的载荷分布、轮齿变形和齿根应力，并可计算双齿对工作时各对齿上的载荷、变形和应力，便于对直齿锥齿轮弯曲强度进行全面分析，算例表明，本文结果与其它文献结果吻合良好。     

分体对开式高低温发生装置研究

介绍了一种分体对开式高低温发生装置,并详细叙述了其结构组成,测试结果表明高低温发生装置温度范围为-80℃~400℃,温度偏差为±2℃,温度均匀度为2℃,该装置可作为专用实验设备用于力传感器高低温环境下的校准。     

分体对开式高低温发生装置研究

介绍了一种分体对开式高低温发生装置，并详细叙述了其结构组成，测试结果表明高低温发生装置温度范围为-80℃~400℃，温度偏差为±2℃，温度均匀度为2℃，该装置可作为专用实验设备用于力传感器高低温环境下的校准。     

蜂窝夹芯挖补修理结构弯曲性能研究

从试验及有限元2个方面对复合材料蜂窝夹芯挖补修理结构的弯曲性能进行研究。通过3点弯曲试验对无损及修理件弯曲性能进行测试,试验结果表明,蜂窝夹芯结构破坏模式为典型的蜂窝剪切破坏,修理件相比于无损件弯曲强度恢复率为110%,修理后结构弯曲刚度也略高于无损件;基于试验结果建立三维有限元模型对蜂窝夹芯修理结构的弯曲性能进行研究,通过用户自定义子程序VUSDFLD编写Hashin失效准则、基于应力的Besant失效准则,实现复合材料面板及蜂窝芯子2种材料的损伤起始及演化。数值模型得到的破坏模式、破坏载荷及弯曲刚度均与试验结果吻合得较好;改变有限元模型参数,研究损伤直径及补片厚度对修理后弯曲性能影响,结果表明,随着损伤直径从30~70 mm逐渐增加,修理件强度先增加后减小,并在损伤直径为50 mm时取得最大值,此外,补片厚度为1~2.5 mm时弯曲强度恢复率高于100%;本文为复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构的修理设计提供了可靠的数值模拟方法。      

紧缩场反射面板热变形的适应性调整

随着季节的变化,紧缩场反射面板的温度在15~25℃之间变化.热变形量往往超出允许的误差.利用Marc有限元软件,分析了紧缩场在温度、重力和反向力等作用下的变形.针对变形最严重的工况下的变形,用最小二乘法对变形后的数据进行二次多项式曲线拟合,得出与变形后的反射面相一致的新的母线方程和焦距.仿真结果表明调整馈源位置,能够适合于面板焦距的变化.     

用双边切缝试样的高温蠕变裂纹扩展分析

对双边切缝试样切缝根部萌生裂纹进行了有效SIF分析,并用于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢板材的高温蠕变裂纹扩展试验,在所试验的温度T(570～650℃)和应力σ(15.3～16.9kg/mm~2)范围内,试验数据表明:稳态蠕变裂纹扩展是一个热激活过程,相应的综合参量S=S(T,σ,K_(1eff))有效地控制了稳态蠕变裂纹扩展率da/dt。     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

直尺反转组合法测量直线度的理论分析

对直尺反转组合法的测量原理进行了较为深入的理论分析，指出测量的准确性受测头误差、采样点定位误差、直尺尺面斜率、直尺再定位误差、直尺各点直线度误差的变化率等五个方面共同作用。其中，采样点定位误差和直尺安装斜率影响直线度测量准确度这一结论，将适用于其他的直尺直线度测量方法，因而具有普遍的指导意义。     

一种提高螺栓联接强度的新方法

根据山本晃教授对螺栓，螺母，螺纹牙受力及其变形研究的成果，导出了该理论条件下受拉螺栓在等载荷受力状态下，当螺栓螺纹采用标准尺寸，螺母螺纹的螺旋线形状，并依据实用性，从螺母螺纹加工方便考虑，提出了近似等负荷螺纹。