军用飞机型号研制合同类型的选择

正确选择军用飞机型号研制合同的类型，对促进型号研制合同的签订和 型号任务的顺利完成，使使用方能以合理的费用，获得性能优良的武器装备有重要意义。本文探讨了型号研制的固定价格合同和成本补偿合同的特点及适应范围，以及选择合同类型时应注意的几个问题。     

逻辑靶场理论与应用研究

在分析世界军事发达国家武器装备试验靶场发展趋势的基础上,根据新武器装备试验和作战训练转型发展需要,针对我国武器装备试验训练现状提出了建立＂逻辑靶场＂的思想。结合我国武器装备试验和作战训练资源实际,重点对逻辑靶场的作用意义、任务需求、基本概念、体系结构、整体构建、资源重组、运行机制及实际应用等方面全面系统地进行了研究,旨在为我国建立逻辑靶场提供理论参考。     

Vertical test integration

Today, most every weapon system is electronics intensive. Digital computers are at the core of military aircraft, ship, and vehicle weapons systems. Indeed, each weapon system's performance is largely determined by its digital computers and other electronics. This electronics dependency is necessary in order to provide the speed, functional compliance, and accuracy to achieve the required weapon system performance. Historically, test systems required for the various maintenance levels and also at the manufacturing site have each been uniquely developed, employed, and sustained for only one area of weapon system electronics support. There are a number of reasons for this situation including different organizations responsible for the levels of support, different funding sources, timing limitations, and technical feasibility. In recent years, however, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) advances in measurement and stimulation hardware, personal computers, Windows operating systems, flexible test programming languages, and more, have made it technically feasible to develop a family of test systems that provide common weapon system electronics support at all levels. Some use the phrase Vertical Test Integration to describe this concept of factory/field/depot integration     

Formal verification and legacy redesign

Sustaining weapons system hardware and software represents a significant and ever-increasing portion of total system cost. Hardware components are becoming obsolete much sooner while weapons system lifetimes are increasing, We must identify more cost-effective solutions to engineering and reengineering these subsystems. Verifying and validating weapons systems are two of the most costly parts of either engineering process. Traditionally, hardware validation and verification is done by simulation and testing, In the past few years, math- and logic-based formal methods tools have begun to scale up to and be applied successfully to real-world problems. Incorporating formal verification methods into engineering and reengineering processes will cost-effectively and significantly improve the level of trust and the quality of our weapons systems. Formal methods are especially well suited for redesigning current weapon systems which have become unsupportable due to component obsolescence because they help minimize the astronomical costs of rigorously reverifying the reengineered components. We believe that formal methods are an important tool for effective engineering of future weapon systems     

航空武器装备信息化初探

高速发展的信息技术使军事技术发生了变革性的发展,对战争的称谓已从电子战——信息战——网络战发展成为网络中心战,航空武器装备信息化在现代战争中发挥举足轻重的作用。本文分析了航空武器装备信息化的技术内涵、实施途径和主要任务过程,介绍了航空武器装备信息化的重点建设内容以及所涉及的关键技术。     

内埋武器舱关键气动及声学问题研究

以风洞试验为手段,在高速风洞中对内埋武器舱关键气动问题进行了深入研究。利用静态压力测量、脉动压力测量、网格测力等测试手段,获取了典型弹舱流场静压分布特性、气动声学特性以及武器分离特性。研究结果表明：舱内静压分布变化明显,可以此定义弹舱流场类型;开式弹舱流场气动声学环境恶劣,总声压级强度可达170dB 以上,且频谱曲线上存在多个明显的能量尖峰;武器从舱内分离过程中可能产生较大的抬头力矩,影响机/弹安全分离;在弹舱前缘施以流动控制能降低舱内静压梯度、抑制气动噪声,且有利于改善武器分离特性。     

机载激光武器系统的应用研究

机载激光武器系统是一种应用于现代战机的高能武器系统.作为一种新型武器系统,机载激光武器系统倍受世界各军事强国的关注,积极的从事应用研究有重大的意义.本文在介绍机载激光武器系统的基础上,对机载激光武器系统应用的关键技术及需要考虑的问题、战术应用进行了分析和研究.     

高过载微惯性器件研究现状

微惯性器件是目前制导战术武器的核心元器件,具有成本低、体积小、寿命长等优点,但是其如何在火炮膛内、侵彻着靶等过程中存活甚至正常工作,一直是各军事大国科研院所发展精确打击制导武器的重要研究方向。查阅了相关国内外文献,然后详细评述了目前关于应用于高过载环境下的微机械陀螺与微机械加速度计研究现状,指出了目前高过载环境微惯性器件的发展趋势与各国的研究进程,为我国发展高过载微惯性器件提供了方向与指导。     

如何加强军用软件的质量管理

军用软件在武器装备系统中的地位已经越来越重要,但我国军用软件的质量管理起步较晚,因此很有必要研究如何加强军用软件的质量管理.本文在阐述软件生命周期的基础上,从开展军用软件研制单位的软件能力评价、加强软件配置管理和加强第三方独立测试三个方面探讨了如何加强军用软件的质量管理.     

"五条归零原则"在间歇性故障处理过程中的应用分析

以执行导弹助推器战斗状态和保险状态转换装置的电动机构在生产中经常出现间隙性故障的处理为例,阐明了驻厂军代表坚持按"定位准确、机理清楚、问题复现、措施有效、举一反三"的五条归零原则,配合并督促生产部门以科学的态度有效地排除故障的具体实践过程.实践证明了推行"五条归零原则"对帮助军代表在生产监造中预防、纠正产品存在的质量问题,对保证装备出厂质量、保障部队使用的积极意义.     

The role of ‘transatlantic cooperation’ in air-to-air missile programmes

At a time when important decisions are about to be made regarding the choice of air-to-air weapons procurements to meet future military needs, this paper reviews the experience of previous transatlantic cooperative programmes in the same field and poses some questions having relevance to those decisions.     

Human Factors R&D Requirements for Future Aerospace Cockpit Systems

Cockpits are rapidly changing from dedicated instruments to multifunction displays, integrated controls, and computer controlled subsystems. Solid-state displays, voice recognition, and artificial intelligence are just a few of the emerging technologies that will help the pilot perform his mission in the future. Early investigations involving mission analysis, sensor data, software development, and evaluations will be required to insure total integration. These new technologies will require extensive human factors research in the areas of anthropometry, displays, controls, human/computer interface, automation, and workload assessment to support the integration process. This research will help provide weapons systems that have increased survivability and reduced pilot workload. This paper addresses some of the human factors research that will be needed to help develop future cockpit systems. It also reviews the basic evolution of the crew station and some of the emerging technologies that will drive human factors research in the 1990s. In the past, crew systems were designed to provide each aircraft function with a corresponding instrument display, such as airspeed indicator, altimeter, attitude direction indicator, vertical velocity indicator, etc. The bulk of the information had to be integrated by the pilot. Present systems are in a state of transition. We are rapidly moving from individual instruments to multifunction displays. The C-17, HH-60, F-15E, B-1B, F-111D, and F-16C/D aircraft use multifunction, cathode-ray tube displays, some of which are color. Another trend is the continued increase in the use of integrated controls.     

虚拟战场环境中大气环境的研究与应用

为全面的体现各种自然环境条件对武器系统的影响，准确的进行武器系统性能的评测和效能的评估，在虚拟战场环境除了构造各种武器平台仿真实体外，还需对各种武器平台进行的陆地，海洋，空间环境进行逼真的表示和描述，重点介绍了大气环境的数值模拟和环境数据在虚拟战场环境中的表示，并基于HLA/RTI协议标准构建了一个大气环境服务器，最后介绍了其在虚拟战场环境中的应用。     

内埋武器机弹分离相容性研究进展综述

为满足新型有人或无人作战飞机高隐身、高速和高机动性等要求，作战飞机普遍采用武器内埋挂载方式。当高速气流流过内埋武器舱的空腔时，将引发边界层分离、舱口附近会存在复杂的剪切流动、舱内会产生极为恶劣的噪声环境等非定常流动现象，这些复杂的非定常流动现象严重影响内埋武器机弹分离相容性（ASSC）。首先，给出内埋武器机弹分离相容性的重要研究意义；接着，重点介绍内埋武器机弹分离相容性的研究进展；最后，论述和总结了国内外采用4种方法（理论分析与建模、风洞试验、数值模拟和飞行试验）研究内埋武器机弹分离相容性及其流动控制方法的进展，指出内埋武器机弹分离相容研究存在的主要问题，并给出几点建议。     

防空作战动静态武器目标分配初步研究

防空作战中的武器目标分配是影响系统作战有效性的重要因素之一。动静态结合的武器目标分配,既考虑了武器对不同目标杀伤效果,又考虑了作战这一动态随机过程的特性。讨论了在合理简化条件下的分配过程,先把对目标群的射击效能作为目标函数制定决策,可将目标分配决策化成一个马尔可夫决策过程,通过策略迭代算法得到最优分配策略从而实现系统效益的最大化。最后进行了简化条件下的算例验证,结果表明,该方法能使武器系统获得最大的射击效能,是一种有效的分配方法。     

Definitions of Effectiveness Terms: A Report on the Purpose and Contents of MIL-STD-721B

The impact of the Systems Effectiveness concept upon U.S. military terminology required for acquisition of modern weapon systems necessitated a thorough revision of MIL-STD-721A and consolidation with MIL-STD-778 and MIL-STD447. Inclusion of a number of new terms and their definitions, as well as addition of standard definitions for terms on human factors and safety, was found to be necessary. The resulting military standard has been approved by the U.S. Department of Defense for use by all of its departments and agencies. Its contents should be of great interest to management and engineers in private industry who are concerned with the development and production of weapon systems for the Army, Navy, and Air Force. This standard is now in print and will be available for distribution early in 1967; this paper is written by one of the participants in the revision and compilation of this military standard and is published here for the purpose of information on its scope and contents.     

基于SA-DPSO混合优化算法的协同空战火力分配

针对超视距(BVR)多机协同空战中,火力单元采用一次性完全分配原则容易造成资源浪费的问题,提出了一种新的火力分配数学模型。该模型带有毁伤概率门限,能够保证在满足毁伤概率门限的前提下,优先保证威胁度大的目标被分配且选择对各目标相对贡献较大的火力单元,使其对目标的毁伤概率平均值达到最大且尽量少地消耗火力单元,从而节省和充分利用火力资源。在此基础上,提出采用模拟退火(SA)-离散粒子群(DPSO)混合优化算法求解协同空战火力分配,提高了算法收敛速度、精度以及全局搜索能力,避免陷入局部极小。仿真算例验证了新模型的优点以及SA-DPSO混合优化算法的有效性。     

我国政府监管电信业投融资的新思路

我国电信市场发展有着广阔的空间,面临着巨大的资金需求,因而谋求更加有效的投融资方式。随着电信行业持续快速发展和体制改革不断深化,政府在电信业投融资领域的监管也应该随着时间与环境的改变不断地修正。这是当前中国电信业资本运作机制创新所面临的亟待解决的问题。文章着重阐明电信业投融资来源与资金使用方向的新变化,并对政府的应对策略提出建议。     

机载反导拦截武器的发展与思考

考虑机载反导拦截武器在目标拦截匹配性、作战使用灵活性方面的优势,借鉴美国机载反导拦截系统在定向能和动能拦截武器两条路线的发展思路,分析机载反导拦截武器系统在空基平台、预警探测、指挥控制和拦截武器等方面的能力需求,引发依托岸基飞机平台和舰载飞机平台发展机载反导拦截武器的思考,梳理出发展机载反导拦截系统所需的关键技术,从而对反导防御体系和机载武器体系的发展具有良好的参考和借鉴价值。     

基于实战环境的 反舰导弹武器系统作战效能评估

针对导弹武器实战化的作战训练使用需求,结合反舰导弹武器系统的技术特性,在传统ADC评估模型基础上,引入实战战场环境影响因子。分析建立了反舰导弹武器系统效能评估指标体系和改进的ADC评估模型,同时针对导弹武器系统能力构成的复杂性,采用层次分析和集对分析法对评价指标进行综合处理。分析表明,改进模型能够有效地反映实战环境条件下反舰导弹武器系统的综合作战效能,可为开展实战化条件下的训练提供更具实际意义的支撑和帮助。