再入目标红外特性分析及红外特性材料研究

本文分析了再入目标的红外辐射特性及主要影响因素，认为：表征再入目标辐射强弱的物理量主要为再入目标的表面温度、表面积和发射率；表征再入目标材料红外辐射能力的物理量为辐射率（发射率）。进而探讨了高红外发射率材料，认为：几种化合物混合烧结后可在一段连续波段提高材料的红外发射率。     

太阳、天空和海面自身辐射对海洋背景总体辐射影响分析

海洋背景的总体辐射受到太阳辐射、天空背景辐射和海洋自身热辐射的影响。在简化的海面辐射模型的基础上,对不同波段、不同天顶角和不同大气环境下太阳辐射的变化进行了比较分析;分析了在各个波段太阳光和大气对天空辐射的影响,着重分析了大气单次散射和多次散射太阳光的情况下天空辐射的变化;分析了大气窗内海洋自身辐射、路径上的辐射和海面反射天空、太阳辐射对红外探测器总体辐射的影响。结果表明,这些因素对海洋背景总体辐射具有较大的影响。     

基于地球红外背景模拟的 水云大气影响初步分析

为支持地球红外背景的模拟研究,以天基观测为前提,计算了2个大气窗口下,4个具有典型大气和地表特征的区域在水云大气下的路径透过率和各成分辐射亮度。通过相对变化比例,讨论了地球背景模拟中水云与地表的图像区分以及地域的影响。结果表明,水云对地球背景辐射传输影响显著:云层下方辐射会被强烈衰减,同时观测路径中的散射辐射大幅增强。在同一选定区域下,积云大气的观测路径亮度相对无云大气下变化最大,在相同水云类型条件下,大气散射和太阳散射亮度在不同区域区别较大,说明在模拟水云地球背景时不能忽略地域的影响。计算和分析结果可为地球背景模拟中的水云红外图像生成提供一定的数据基础和技术支持。     

红外导引系统快速原型仿真中的场景生成技术

介绍了基于Vega视景引擎红外场景生成方法,并应用于基于RT—LAB快速原型平台空空导弹红外导引系统快速原型仿真。设计了空空导弹红外导引系统快速原型仿真框架,根据框架建立了弹目6自由度运动学／动力学、红外导引系统Simulink仿真模型及目标等三维几何模型,采用Vega传感器模块和粒子系统模块实现目标各部件温度和干扰弹的自定义设置,同时针对快速原型实时仿真的要求设计了高精度的帧频控制方法。将红外场景生成软件与某空空导弹快速原型仿真系统进行联合仿真进行验证,对空空导弹导引系统的研制与开发起到了重要作用。     

漏斗形混合器对涡扇发动机推力和红外辐射特征的影响

计算了漏斗形混合器排气系统的流场、推力系数和红外辐射特征,并与环形混合器进行对比.流场特征采用Fluent商业软件计算,红外辐射特征采用反向蒙特卡罗法计算,分析了漏斗形混合器对排气系统推力系数及红外辐射特征的影响.结果表明:①采用漏斗形混合器有助于外涵低温空气注入内涵高温燃气流,排气系统横截面上温度场呈现菊花瓣形分布.②采用漏斗形混合器后,排气系统推力系数下降0.2%.③采用漏斗形混合器后,排气系统尾喷流的红外辐射在喷管后端都减小,在90°探测角最大减小44.6%,但在大的探测角时排气系统壁面的红外辐射会略微增加.      

用高低压涡轮间补燃提高双轴涡扇发动机性能

基于双轴涡扇发动机热力学模型，采用高低压涡轮间补燃的方法，实现了对发动机性能的改善，研究分析了高低压涡轮间补燃对发动机高度特性，速度特性以及转速特性的影响，计算结果表明采用高低压涡轮间补燃的热力循环后，发动机的推力明显提高，耗油率基本保持原来的水平或有所降低。     

工艺条件对爆炸喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层组织与性能的影响

研究了工艺条件对爆炸喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的组成与性能的影响。结果表明大热焓制度下制备的涂层组织致密均匀，具有较好的结合力、高的显微硬度及低的残余应力，是良好的耐磨耐热陶瓷涂层。经工艺优化选择出爆炸喷涂工艺的最佳气体流量参数。     

Autonomous fault detection and removal using GPS carrier phase

This paper is focused on the use of carrier phase measurements and parity space methodology to investigate the limits of high-integrity and high-continuity satellite-based navigation performance. In this regard, a new algorithm for receiver autonomous fault detection and removal is developed with the specific goal of attaining the high levels of integrity and continuity required for aircraft precision approach and landing applications. Fault detection and removal algorithm performance is demonstrated through analysis and simulation, and the results of tests using deliberately induced failures in raw night data are presented     

IR radiation characteristics of rocket exhaust plumes under varying motor operating conditions

The infrared(IR) irradiance signature from rocket motor exhaust plumes is closely related to motor type,propellant composition,burn time,rocket geometry,chamber parameters and flight conditions.In this paper,an infrared signature analysis tool(IRSAT) was developed to understand the spectral characteristics of exhaust plumes in detail.Through a finite volume technique,flow field properties were obtained through the solution of axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations with the Reynolds-averaged approach.A refined 13-species,30-reaction chemistry scheme was used for combustion effects and a k-e-Rtturbulence model for entrainment effects.Using flowfield properties as input data,the spectrum was integrated with a line of sight(LOS) method based on a single line group(SLG) model with Curtis-Godson approximation.The model correctly predicted spectral distribution in the wavelengths of 1.50–5.50 lm and had good agreement for its location with imaging spectrometer data.The IRSAT was then applied to discuss the effects of three operating conditions on IR signatures:(a) afterburning;(b) chamber pressure from ignition to cutoff;and(c) minor changes in the ratio of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) binder to ammonium perchlorate(AP) oxidizer in propellant.Results show that afterburning effects can increase the size and shape of radiance images with enhancement of radiation intensity up to 40%.Also,the total IR irradiance in different bands can be characterized by a non-dimensional chamber pressure trace in which the maximum discrepancy is less than 13% during ignition and engine cutoff.An increase of chamber pressure can lead to more distinct diamonds,whose distance intervals are extended,and the position of the first diamond moving backwards.In addition,an increase in HTPB/AP causes a significant jump in spectral intensity.The incremental rates of radiance intensity integrated in each band are linear with the increase of HTPB,and the growth rates of radiance intensities in some bands reach up to 50% as HTPB weight increases by 3%.     

基于迎风格式的三角翼涡流场数值模拟研究

采用基于有限体积方法的高精度迎风格式对层流N-S方程进行了数值模拟,研究了普通三角翼和双三角翼亚音速绕流的流场特性,并对双三角翼的几何外形、网格分布及远场边界对数值模拟的影响等问题进行了初步探讨.     

利用辐射光谱法开展发动机燃烧火焰参数在线测量

针对发动机高温燃烧火焰参数非接触式在线原位测量难题,提出了基于火焰辐射光谱(radiation spectroscopy, RS)的火焰参数在线测量方法,采用光纤光谱仪搭建了发动机燃烧火焰参数在线测量系统,并利用黑体炉对光谱仪电荷耦合元件(charge-coupled device, CCD)波长响应特性进行了标定.之后,应用该系统获得了火箭基组合循环(rocket based combined cycle, RBCC)发动机地面试验高温燃烧火焰200~1100nm波段辐射光谱,结合普朗克定律与最小二乘法,实现了火焰温度与辐射率参数的在线测量,为发动机燃烧诊断与优化提供了直接数据支撑.      

高性能有机纤维复合材料及其界面性能

综述了高性能有机纤维复合材料在固体火箭发动机壳体的发展应用及其表面改性方法、界面性能的表征，并用实验数据探讨增强材料、树脂系统及复合材料界面对壳体性能的影响，最后指出应当综合地考虑各方面的影响作用才能达到提高固体火箭发动机高性能有机纤维复合材料壳体性能的最终目的。     

Fluid dynamics and aero-optics of turrets

A summary of research efforts for last several years on fluid-dynamics and aero-optics of hemisphere-on-cylinder turrets with flat and conformal windows is presented. The topology of flow behind turrets and both steady and unsteady sources of optical distortions are discussed. Scaling laws for levels of optical aberrations are proposed and results of several experimental studies are compared and discussed. Effects of passive and active flow control in mitigation of aero-optical environment around turrets, as well as current computational studies of aero-optics of turrets are summarized and discussed.     

超音速气流中横喷氢气自动着火与燃烧非定常过程的实验研究

进行了Ｍ＝２超音速流中横喷氢的自动着火及燃烧非定常过程实验研究，用高速纹影摄影、壁面动态和静态压力测量仪及壁温热电偶等进行了测量。得到了喷嘴后回流区壁压随时间的变化规律，以及壁压和壁面秒温升沿轴线的变化趋势。获得了来流空气总温和喷氢量对自动着火过程的影响。     

武装直升机红外成像仿真

虚拟仿真以其低成本、短周期、高质量的特点,逐渐成为复杂环境下红外成像制导武器设计分析、验证和评估的主要手段之一。以某武装直升机目标为对象,首先利用基于航空发动机物理模型的方法,通过全尺寸几何建模、计算蒙皮、尾喷和羽烟等主要红外辐射源的流场和温度场,利用灰度等级描述红外辐射信息,生成不同视向角下的近场红外辐射亮度显示,并存储形成数据库。然后根据具体使用时的条件从数据库中调用,按照距离进行大气衰减,最终形成视点处的红外辐射亮度显示。实验结果证明,算法生成的武装直升机红外图像真实感强,实时性好,可用于红外成像制导导弹仿真和夜航模拟训练系统的红外视景显示,具有一定的军事参考价值。     

硼笼化合物对含铝液固高能燃料点火及燃烧性能的影响

为了探究硼笼化合物对液固凝胶型高能燃料的点火及燃烧性能的影响,采用高密度碳氢燃料MCRI-1、辅助分散剂胶凝剂和纳米铝粉为原料,制备了系列含铝液固凝胶型高能燃料(简称含铝高能燃料),并考察了含铝高能燃料的组成对其分散稳定性(即凝胶成型效果)的影响。在此基础上,考察了三种硼笼化合物对含铝高能燃料的密度、热值、点火及燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,提高胶凝剂含量或固液质量比(Al/MCRI-1)均可提高含铝高能燃料的分散稳定性。含铝高能燃料的密度和体积热值随着硼笼化合物的添加略有降低,但其质量热值在添加硼笼T和硼笼A后分别增加了11.6%和12.4%。硼笼化合物可将含铝高能燃料的燃温峰值提高21.1%～52.9%,点火延迟缩短44.5%～65.2%。硼笼化合物明显改善了含铝高能燃料的点火及燃烧性能。整体上,硼笼A添加效果最佳,且热解及燃烧可产生较多的气体,一定程度上增强了含铝高能燃料的膨胀做工能力。     

耐高温聚苯硫醚复合涂层性能的研究

主要讨论增韧材料对PPS性能的影响和各种填料用量对PPS复合涂层的附着力、抗冲击强度等性能的影响以及PPS复合涂层的耐高温性能。结果表明：增韧树脂PEK－C的加入可提高PPS共混树脂的力学性能；共混树脂中加入5％的石墨、10％TiO2时，可获得综合性能良好的复合涂层。     

射流冲击换热系数的高精度热色液晶测试

采用高精度热色液晶测试技术对阵列射流冲击的冷却表面局部换热系数分布进行试验研究。研究了射流冲击间距、射流孔排列方式和初始横流等因素对换热特性的影响。热图像真实地反映出每一股射流的冲击冷却局部换热特征。热色液晶用于换热系数分布的定性和定量测试是非常有效的。     

激波管内膨胀气流导致汽—液瞬态相变的测量方法

建立激波管装置,用以产生一维非定常的膨胀气流。描述膨胀气流的流场分布以及由此导致的水蒸汽自发成核、相变、凝结的物理过程。实验装置中,设置两个通道探测瞬态相变的信息:动态压力传感器探测膨胀气流的压力变化和光电倍增管探测水蒸汽从成核直至生长成液滴(凝结)所产生的光散射辐射强度。两种信息都由FFT(CF-910)分析仪采集记录,得到膨胀气流的压力曲线,显永过饱和度的变化;得到散射光功率曲线,立定不同蒸汽分压下液滴的相对增长速率。     

Solar Surface Magnetism and Irradiance on Time Scales from Days to the 11-Year Cycle

The uninterrupted measurement of the total solar irradiance during the last three solar cycles and an increasing amount of solar spectral irradiance measurements as well as solar imaging observations (magnetograms and photometric data) have stimulated the development of models attributing irradiance variations to solar surface magnetism. Here we review the current status of solar irradiance measurements and modelling efforts based on solar photospheric magnetic fields. Thereby we restrict ourselves to the study of solar variations from days to the solar cycle. Phenomenological models of the solar atmosphere in combination with imaging observations of solar electromagnetic radiation and measurements of the photospheric magnetic field have reached high enough quality to show that a large fraction (at least, about 80%) of the solar irradiance variability can be explained by the radiative effects of the magnetic activity present in the photosphere. Also, significant progress has been made with magnetohydrodynamic simulations of convection that allow us to relate the radiance of the photospheric magnetic structures to the observations.