变热线过热比可压缩流湍流度测量方法优化

开展了可压缩流中湍流度测量技术的优化研究，以满足对试验数据高精度评估的需求。在变热线过热比湍流度测量方法推导过程中，忽略了压力脉动项以简化湍流度求解过程。为更加准确评估高速风洞流场湍流度，引入了压力脉动项，以恒温热线风速仪响应关系式为基础，从理论上对可压缩流中湍流度的求解方法进行了优化。在马赫数0.3~0.7进行了湍流度测量试验，并分别利用优化前后的湍流度求解方法对试验数据进行了处理。结果表明两种求解方法所得的湍流度结果量值相近，但优化后的湍流度求解方法所得的湍流度结果随马赫数的变化趋势更加符合客观物理规律。利用蒙特卡洛模拟方法对湍流度的不确定度进行了求解，不确定度量值远小于湍流度量值，表明优化后的湍流度求解方法所得的湍流度结果基本能够代表真实值。试验结果证明了优化后湍流度测量方法的正确性及应用恒温热线风速仪对高速风洞流场湍流度进行测量的可行性。     

最小二乘独立线性度的测量不确定度

介绍了用最小二乘法评价线性测量系统线性度指标时，测量结果的不确定分析和评价过程，讨论了影响评价结果不确定度的几个主要误差来源，给出了减小线性度指标评价不确定度的主要措施：（1）环境控制措施，以减少环境带来的不确定度；（2）选取高精度信号，以减少信号源带来的不确定度。通过实例，给出了线性度指标不确定度分析和评价结果。本文方法及结论可应在于讲理标准进行性度指标的不确定分析上，也可用于估计线性度指标本身的不确定度。     

氦气分析检测中不确定度评定

依据JJF1135-2005<化学分析测量不确定度评定>,对氦气分析检测中的不确定度进行了评定,分析了各不确定度分量,并通过建立气相色谱外标法测量结果不确定度的数学模型 ,计算了其测量结果的相对合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度.     

100～500mm外径千分尺平面度、平行度的修理方法改进探讨

对传统100～500mm外径千分尺平面度、平行度修理方法进行了改进，提高了该千分尺的平面度、平行度修理效率及合格率。     

部分模糊度固定方法在GNSS/INS紧组合中的应用研究

针对动态环境下GNSS/INS导航定位模糊度固定难的问题,提出了一种基于部分模糊度固定的GNSS/INS紧组合导航定位算法,通过选择模糊度的最优子集进行固定,并利用实测车载实验进行了算法验证.实验结果表明:在开阔环境下,基于部分模糊度固定的GNSS/INS紧组合与基于全模糊度固定的GNSS/INS紧组合算法的定位精度相当,均为厘米级,但是使用部分模糊度固定算法可以有效地提升模糊度固定率;在城市环境下,基于部分模糊度固定的算法明显优于基于全模糊度固定的算法,前者东向精度提升了8％、北向精度提升了31％、天向精度提升了60％,且模糊度固定率提升了21.8％.     

数字压力计测量结果的不确定度评定

介绍了数字压力计的测量不确定度分析和评价过程,讨论了主要的不确定度来源,包括测量误差、分辨力误差、以及测量重复性等,给出了不确定度模型。在一个实际评价例子上,给出了不确定度分析和评价结果,不确定度评定验证表明了该过程的正确性和切实可行性。     

四氧化二氮纯度测定的不确定度分析

对四氧化二氮纯度测定的不确定度进行了分析,分析了引起四氧化二氮纯度测定不确定度的有关分量及相关因素,研究了四氧化二氮纯度测定不确定度各分量及合成不确定度的计算方法,并通过实际的四氧化二氮纯度测定数据计算出了四氧化二氮纯度测定的标准不确定度为0.12%,扩展不确定度为0.24%,为出具更具规范性、权威性的四氧化二氮纯度测定化验报告打下了基础,并对其他化验项目的不确定度研究具有一定的借鉴作用.     

某型固体火箭发动机推力测量不确定度的评定

根据“固体火箭发动机测量不确定度的评定”航天工业行业标准ＱＪ１２７５－９４,对某型固体发动机推力测量进行了不确定度的评定。文中简述了发动机推力测量系统工作原理、不确定度来源、不确定度计算。给出了固体发动机推力测量不确定度。     

平板平面度测量不确定度分析及测量标准选择

对用电子水平仪检定平板平面度测量结果的不确定度进行了分析评定,通过将测量结果不确定度与平板平面度最大允许误差进行分析比较,提出了不同于JJG-2005《平板检定规程》选择平板平面度测量标准器的方法.     

计数法测量采集速率的不确定度评价

介绍了用标准周期计数法评价线性测量系统采集速率时，测量结果的不确定度分析和评价过程；讨论了影响评价结果不确定度的几个主要来源；给出了减小采集速率评价不确定度的主要措施，通过一组实例，给出了采集速率不确定度分析和评价结果，该过程及结论可应用在对于计量标准进行相应指标的不确定度分析上，也可用于估计采集速率指标本身的不确定度。     

一种鼻锥钝化高超声速轴对称进气道流动特性实验

前缘钝化尺度是高超声速进气道设计中的关键参数。针对一种前体锥加弯曲压缩面的高超声速轴对称进气道,选取最大尺度为3.2mm(5%唇缘半径)的几种典型鼻锥钝化半径,在马赫数Ma=6来流,及模型安装攻角为0°、4°、7°的条件下开展鼻锥钝化尺度对进气道流动性能影响的实验研究。采用纹影拍摄及压力测量记录各来流条件下进气道前体流场结构及壁面压强分布,并在无攻角来流条件下利用微型扰流器进行边界层强制转捩研究。结果表明,对无攻角来流而言,即使是尺度高达3.2mm的钝化半径对进气道前体流场结构及壁面静压分布也基本没有影响。此来流条件下,几种不同鼻锥钝化半径的前体压缩面均出现小范围流动分离,而添加扰流器后该分离区均消失。钝化尺度的影响随着攻角的增加而显现,尽管不同鼻锥钝化尺度下迎风面流场及壁面压强分布几乎没有差别,但背风面随钝化尺度增大表现为边界层明显增厚、流动趋于不稳定。其中最大钝化尺度R=3.2mm的构型在4°攻角来流时背风面即出现明显的分离区,而7°攻角来流时背风面更是出现大范围流动分离、进气道背风侧不起动,并导致进气道内部壁面压强显著下降。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Investigation of Formation Process of the Chrome-free Passivation Film of Electrodeposited Zinc

The feasibility was investigated to substitute chrome-free passivation treatment of electrodeposited zinc in a titanium bath for chromate passivation treatment. The formation mechanism of the chrome-free passivation film was further analyzed. The surface mor- phologies and the elemental compositions of the treated samples with varied immersion times were observed by scanning electron mi- croscopy (SEM) and determined by energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS), respectively. The electrode potential of the sample surface was recorded in the film formation process. The changes of the electrode potential are in accordance with that of SEM and EDS of the sample surface. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show the chrome-free passivation film composed of ZnO, SiO2, TiO2, Zn4Si2O7(OH)2, and SrF2. The anode zinc dissolution and the local pH value increase due to the cathode hydrogen ion reduction process result in the formation of the chrome-free passivation film. The macro-images of the chrome-free passivation films formed on electrodeposited zinc show that the color of the film changes from blue to iridescence with the increase of the immersion times.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

数据加密中OFB-DES算法模式的研究

随着计算机技术和通信技术的发展，对数据传输的要求越来越高，而数据的保密和安全是十分必要的。文中设计的OFB算法操作模式是DES加密标准通用的四种模式之一。其中主要介绍了OFB算法操作模式加密与解密的原理及操作过程。利用LFSR寄存器产生MI，将MI进行DES运算后与明文相异或产生密文，解密为其逆过程。为了加强密码的安全性，本文采用了64位OFB的模型，在没有错误扩散的基础上，更适合数字化音频或视频的加密。     

Adaptive Sliding Control of Six-DOF Flight Simulator Motion Platform

本文使用Newton-Euler法推导了六自由度飞行模拟器运动平台完整的线性化形式的动力学方程,并以此为基础,提出了一种在任务空间中的非线性自适应滑模控制方法。这种控制方法将系统中的不确定性分为定常不确定参数和时变不确定参数,利用非线性自适应控制对定常不确定参数进行辨识,同时结合滑模控制对时变不确定参数和外部扰动进行补偿。通过数值仿真分析表明,该控制策略能准确识别运动平台的载荷、惯量、重心等参数,同时又能有效地提高系统的鲁棒性能。     

复合固体推进剂和胶粘剂的固化剂交联范围

固化剂的当量比为反应初始时总固化剂基团数对总粘合剂基团数之比,它是决定复合固体推进剂和胶粘剂性能的重要参数.本文根据聚合物结构的网络理论导得了固化剂交联范围预测关系式.大量实践结果表明:当固化聚合物形成网络结构时,所有的当量值均在交联范围内,该范围比预聚物粘合剂的凝胶化范围要窄.     

Effect of Stagnation Temperature on the Supersonic Two- Dimensional Plug Nozzle Conception. Application for Air

When the stagnation temperature of a perfect gas increases, the specific heats and their ratio do not remain constant any more and start to vary with this temperature. The gas remains perfect, its state equation remains always valid, except it will name in more calori-cally imperfect gas or gas at High Temperature. The goal of this research is to trace the profiles of the supersonic plug nozzle when this stagnation temperature is taken into account, lower than the threshold of dissociation of the molecules, by using the new formula of the Prandtl Meyer function, and to have for each exit Mach number, several nozzles shapes by changing the value of this temperature. A study on the error given by the PG (perfect gas) model compared to our model at high temperature is presented. The comparison is made with the case of a calorically perfect gas aiming to give a limit of application of this model. The application is for the air.     

高超声速飞行器模型不确定性影响分析

吸气式高超声速飞行器具有严重的弹性机体和推进系统耦合的典型特征,其分析模型存在较大的不确定性,标称系统和真实系统之间存在偏差,因此研究不确定性对稳定性的影响对于控制器设计具有重要意义。针对典型的乘波体构型高超声速飞行器,建立了气动/结构/推进相互耦合的动力学模型,总结了建模中的不确定因素并将其以加性不确定模型的形式表示出来。以不确定性矩阵的最大奇异值为边界模型,以不确定性矩阵的H∞范数来表示不确定性因素对稳定性影响的大小,并通过不确定性矩阵的边界曲线分析不确定因素对模态特性的影响。结果表明,惯性因素的不确定性对稳定性的影响最大,而且其对飞行器的短周期模态和弹性模态均有较大的影响;同时,对于这一类飞行器的控制器设计必须考虑飞行器的弹性自由度。