Position Finding with Empirical Prior Knowledge

Information on the position of a source of radiation is often obtained from bearing observations made from two or more known locations. Some criticisms of existing procedures are enumerated and a new approach proposed. This approach allows for the incorporation of knowledge existing before the observations are made and provides simple computational procedures for obtaining both the a posteriori density function of the source position and an estimate of this position from the observed data.     

Pseudo-linear inertial navigation algorithm

A new method is illustrated for processing the output of a set of triad orthogonal rate gyros and accelerometers to reconstruct vehicle navigation parameters (attitude, velocity, and position). The paper introduces two vectors with dimensions 4 × 1 as velocity and position quaternions. The navigation equations for strapdown systems are nonlinear but after using these parameters, the navigation equations are converted into a pseudo-linear system. The new set of navigation equations has an analytical solution and the state transition matrix is used to solve the linear time-varying differential equations through time series. The navigation parameters are updated using the new formulation for strapdown navigation equations. Finally, the quaternions of velocity and position are converted into the original position and velocity vectors. The combination of the coning motion and a translational oscillatory trajectory is used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The simulations show significant improvement in the accuracy of the inertial navigation system, which is achieved through the mentioned algorithm.     

多维力传感器各维间相互干扰的消除

将计算机模式识别方法用于解决载荷作用点不定条件下多维力传感器各维间相互干扰的消除问题,提出了在偏载条件下特征提取方法以及相应的模式预处理和分类判别方法,并给出了一个应用实例。     

空间机器人深度学习识别捕获部位的应用探讨

针对空间机器人对捕获部位识别方法的普适性、实时性和准确性等要求，提出了采用深度学习方法对空间机器人捕获目标的特征部位进行识别。通过比较分析方法、数据驱动方法等传统识别方法和深度学习方法的优缺点，发现深度学习方法对于解决空间机器人捕获部位识别问题具有显著优势。进一步分析了应用深度学习方法解决捕获部位识别问题的几个关键技术问题，为后续空间机器人在轨捕获目标的研究与实践提供了新的思路。     

A Nonlinear Tracker Using Attitude Measurements

The subject of this paper involves tracking the present position of a maneuvering aircraft as well as predicting its future position. A tracking filter is developed that uses aircraft attitude angles (yaw, pitch, roll) in addition to the usual radar measurements. Computer simulation of tracker performance when tracking violently maneuvering aircraft indicates that a dramatic improvement is obtained by using attitude information. The approach taken is to develop a 12-or 15-state extended Kalman filter that models both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. By measuring and estimating attitude it is possible to approximately determine the magnitude and direction of the force system acting on the vehicle and therefore determine vehicle linear acceleration. Knowledge of acceleration is then used to improve the estimate of present and future position of the vehicle being tracked. Simulation of a T-38 aircraft performing a 5 g turn indicates that the new tracker produces maximum trajectory prediction errors that are 36 percent of the errors experienced by more conventional trackers.     

Remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system and method for a moving target in wind tunnel

The measurement of position and attitude parameters for the isolated target from a high-speed aircraft is a great challenge in the field of wind tunnel simulation technology. This paper proposes a remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system in wind tunnel conditions for the separation of a target from an aircraft. The position and attitude parameters of a moving object are obtained by utilizing a single camera with a focal length and camera orientation that can be changed based on different measurement conditions. Using this proposed system and method, both the flexibility and efficiency of the pose measurement system can be enhanced in wind tunnel conditions to meet the measurement requirements of different objects and experiments, which is also useful for the development of an intelligent position and attitude measurement system. The position and the focal length of the camera also can be controlled remotely during measurements to enlarge both the vertical and horizontal measurement range of this system. Experiments are conducted in the laboratory to measure the position and attitude of moving objects with high flexibility and efficiency, and the measurement precision of the measurement system is also verified through experiments.     

三星无源定位的精度分析及定位算法

 在三颗地球同步卫星加气压高度表的无源定位中,定义了气压高度表水平几何误差因子(HDOP)和伪距位置几何误差因子(PDOP),并给出了相应的数学表达式和分布图。提出了在卡尔曼滤波算法中增加多普勒频率作为观测量,同时选用衰减记忆法滤波,并给出了相应的算法。仿真结果表明：衰减记忆法滤波可以有效克服因Singer模型不准确引起的卡尔曼滤波发散;对于高中动态用户,增加多普勒频率后的衰减记忆卡尔曼滤波算法的定位精度要高于常规卡尔曼滤波法和迭代最小二乘法的定位精度。     

基于火箭橇的北斗动态定位精度鉴定方法

介绍了几种现有的以GPS/北斗为主要代表的卫星导航系统的动态定位精度 鉴定方法,分析了这几种方法在模拟实际使用环境、鉴定精度等方面的优缺点,提出了 一种基于火箭橇试验平台的北斗导航定位系统动态定位精度鉴定方法。该方法能够很好 地模拟北斗导航定位系统实际工作环境（速度、加速度、振动和天线角度等）,解决高 动态、高精度北斗导航定位系统动态定位精度鉴定问题,并对该方法的原理和实施方法 作了详细的论述,最后分析了该方法的不确定度及误差,并提出了改进措施。     

Haptic based teleoperation with master-slave motion mapping and haptic rendering for space exploration

This paper presents a new solution to haptic based teleoperation to control a large-sized slave robot for space exploration, which includes two specially designed haptic joysticks, a hybrid master-slave motion mapping method, and a haptic feedback model rendering the operating resistance and the interactive feedback on the slave side. Two devices using the 3 R and DELTA mechanisms respectively are developed to be manipulated to control the position and orientation of a large-sized slave robot by using both of a user's two hands respectively. The hybrid motion mapping method combines rate control and variable scaled position mapping to realize accurate and efficient master-slave control. Haptic feedback for these two mapping modes is designed with emphasis on ergonomics to improve the immersion of haptic based teleoperation. A stiffness estimation method is used to calculate the contact stiffness on the slave side and play the contact force rendered by using a traditional spring-damping model to a user on the master side stably. Experiments by using virtual environments to simulate the slave side are conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed solution.     

一种快速的星敏感器星跟踪方法研究

阐述了星敏感器中星跟踪方法的重要性,指出了目前国内外星跟踪方法的不足。针对这些不足,提出了一种全新的、快速的星跟踪方法。新的跟踪方法采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现了实时的星点定位;正是由于这种技术的采用,加快了星点位置信息的获取,摈弃了跟踪窗的跟踪方法,采用简单的匹配识别的跟踪方法;对于新星的识别,由于有初始姿态而采用匹配组的识别方法。最后给出了星跟踪过程的实验结果。     

三星定位原理研究

双星定位系统只需要两颗同步卫星便可以为用户提供定位服务,但却存在着用户位置易暴露和用户数量易饱和这两大缺陷。建议采用三颗同步导航卫星像GPS卫星那样向用户播发导航电文,用户接收机根据这些导航电文信息以及气压高度表信息,像GPS接收机那样解算用户位置,从而克服了双星定位的两大缺陷。仿真表明本定位原理行之有效。     

含位置给定轨迹优化的位置伺服复合控制系统研究

位置动态响应速度快和响应无超调是目前高性能位置伺服系统的两个重要指标。单纯的比例或比例微分位置调节器无法同时满足这两个要求,所以提出了一种新型定位复合控制策略。首先为保证运动过程柔滑无冲击而设定速度余弦函数曲线给定,从而根据平滑变化的速度给定对位置给定信号进行轨迹优化,避免了加速度突变带来的冲击。系统控制结构上提出在前馈控制的基础上引入位置伪微分负反馈控制环节,该环节增加了系统阻尼,减少位置超调量,同时结合前馈控制保证了位置快速跟踪性能。由于采用了伪微分结构代替位置微分运算,避免了微分带来的量化噪声干扰,进一步提升了系统跟踪性能。最后给出了结构参数的取值范围。仿真和试验结果验证了该控制策略的可行性和有效性。     

An internal power angle control strategy for high-speed sensorless brushless DC motors

High-speed Brushless DC Motors (BLDCMs) usually adopt a sensorless control strategy and operate in three-phase six-state drive mode. However, the sampling errors of the rotor position and the driving method increase the Internal Power Angle (IPA), resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of the system. Conventional IPA reduction strategies are either sensitive to motor parameters, or ignore diode freewheeling during the commutation process, or require additional current sensors. In this paper, a new strategy to reduce the IPA is proposed. Firstly, a Zero-Crossing Point (ZCP) detection method for the back-EMF without filter is proposed to reduce the sampling errors of the rotor position. Secondly, the relationship between the non-energized terminal voltage and the ZCP of the corresponding back-EMF is analyzed. The non-energized terminal voltage that has completed the diode freewheeling is divided into two triangles by half of the bus voltage. When the IPA is suppressed, the areas of the two triangles are equal. Thirdly, an advanced angle for reducing the IPA is obtained through a PI regulator which can eliminate the deviation between the two areas. Finally, both a simulation model and an experimental circuit are built to verify the proposed control strategy.     

基于名义模型的飞行模拟转台反演滑模控制

针对飞行模拟转台这一实际的不确定伺服系统,提出一种新型控制策略,该控制策略是建立在名义模型基础上的一种新型全鲁棒滑模控制器.控制系统由两种控制器构成,一种是针对实际对象的全鲁棒滑模控制器,另一种是针对名义模型的积分反演滑模控制器.采用名义模型与实际对象之间的建模误差设计全鲁棒滑模控制器,采用积分反演滑模控制器来保证控制精度,全鲁棒性能由全局滑模控制器来保证.采用Lyapunov方法实现了两种控制器的稳定性分析.以飞行模拟转台伺服系统为被控对象,针对正弦和阶跃响应的仿真结果表明,采用所提出的控制方法,可实现全局鲁棒性并保证较高的位置跟踪精度.     

辅助动力装置系统进气风门位置控制设计与研究

辅助动力装置系统进气风门位置控制子系统用于地面和空中控制辅助动力装置进气风门的打开和关闭,通常由控制器,作动机构(电动作动器和连杆机构)组成。辅助动力装置系统进气风门位置控制子系统的设计是辅助动力装置控制系统设计的一部分,和辅助动力装置进气风门设计、进气风门气动载荷计算分析及辅助动力装置进气道设计同步进行,相互影响。对某型飞机的辅助动力装置系统进气风门位置控制设计方案进行了介绍,该风门位置控制采用单独的风门控制器,降低了辅助动力装置FADEC(Full Authority Digital Electrical Controller,全权限数字电子控制器,简称FADEC)软硬件设计复杂度,简化了接口设计;并且设计了一种新型辅助动力装置系统进气风门作动机构,该作动机构安装/拆卸方便,可达性好;具有力矩放大功能,且该机构可调节,能输出不同大小的力矩。该进气风门位置控制子系统经过型号验证,对后续型号研制具有较强的指导性。     

遗传算法在低信噪比图象点目标检测中的应用

将遗传算法用于图象中低信噪比点目标的检测。在分析了点目标及背景特点的基础上,设计了编码方案及遗传操作算子,提出了合格个体保留法。仿真结果表明应用此算法,可实现信噪比为2dB的点目标的检测与跟踪。     

拐点平滑滤波技术研究

提出了滤波算法的一种新的有效点判断原则，即拐点平滑法；介绍了该技术的数学模型及滤波原理；通过仿真计算，探讨了应用该判据时滤波半径、拟合阶次等滤波参数对位置参数滤波结果的影响情况，并进行了实测数据解算。该判据在中心平滑算法的最佳应用条件下，综合考虑了截断误差，提高了飞行器位置参数的滤波精度，尤其适用于加速度剧烈变化的飞行轨迹。     

振动特性敏感区上的结构故障诊断与监测

本文提出了通过敏感的振动特性来进行结构故障早期诊断的图象识别诊断法和参数变化诊断法。前者可以判断故障是否发生并作简单分类,后者能同时确定故障的部位和严重程度。两方法都用到了悬臂梁的故障诊断中,结果表明是有效的。     

Optimal Cooperative Sensing using a Team of UAVs

The authors investigates the joint optimal estimation of both the position and velocity of a ground moving target (GMT) using pulse Doppler radars on-board unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The problem of cooperative estimation using a UAV team and the optimization of the team's configuration to achieve optimal GMT position and velocity estimates are addressed. Based on the Cramer-Rao bound, the minimum achievable error variance of the GMT position and velocity estimates is derived. The expression of the minimum achievable estimation error variance for unbiased estimation provided by the Cramer-Rao bound is minimized yielding the optimal configuration of the UAV team. Our solution is complete in that it addresses various GMT tracking scenarios and an arbitrary number of UAVs. Optimal sensor geometries for typical applications are illustrated     

试飞确定电传飞控系统稳定裕度

根据飞控系统稳定裕度的要求,给出了几种求取稳定裕度的方法,尤其是提出的基于返回误差阵奇异值的稳定裕度判定方法,可解决多通道多回路复杂交联系统的稳定裕度评价问题。