屈折形态学视角下的日语动词谓语的声调变化

在日语声调研究领域中,从屈折形态学的角度揭示日语动词谓语的声调变化规律,是一个崭新的声调研究视角。基于此,通过屈折形态学的研究方法,主要探讨了日语动词谓语发生形态变化时所引发的声调核移位现象以及其主要特征。日语动词谓语发生屈折形态变化时,随着语素的增加,声调核的位置也发生复杂的变化。如果从屈折形态学的视角分析日语动词谓语的声调变化,就能进一步挖掘声调变化的内在规律。     

形态仿生飞行器研制进展及关键技术

从大自然中生物的形态汲取灵感,对优秀的气动外形加以模仿和借鉴,从而获得更好的飞行性能,是形态仿生飞行器设计的基本思路。本文介绍了形态仿生飞行器的研制背景,分析了形态仿生“自上而下”和“自下而上”两种研究过程;按照仿鸟飞行器、仿鱼飞行器和其他仿生飞行器的类别分别介绍了形态仿生飞行器当前发展现状;探究了外形特征的提取方法,参照生物优良特性解决飞行器设计过程中的问题,仿生飞行器气动参数的辨识等关键技术,并对形态仿生飞行器的未来发展趋势进行了归纳总结。本文研究的内容对于形态仿生飞行器的设计具有一定的参考意义。     

含孔隙形态分布特征的孔隙率超声衰减测试建模

借助显微照相分析系统,对碳纤维复合材料孔隙形态特征进行观察和统计分析.结果表明,复合材料孔隙形态特征与孔隙含量存在着密切关系,孔隙长度特征参数近似呈对数正态分布,并建立了含孔隙形态分布特征的孔隙率超声衰减测试模型.     

Separation of target rigid body and micro-doppler effects in ISAR imaging

Micro-Doppler (m-D) effect is caused by moving parts of the radar target. It can cover rigid parts of a target and degrade the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image. Separation of the patterns caused by stationary parts of the target from those caused by moving (rotating or vibrating) parts is the topic of this paper. Two techniques for separation of the rigid part from the rotating parts have been proposed. The first technique is based on time-frequency (TF) representation with sliding window and order statistics techniques. The first step in this technique is recognition of rigid parts in the range/cross-range plane. In the second step, reviewed TF representation and order statistics setup are employed to obtain signals caused by moving parts. The second technique can be applied in the case of very emphatic m-D effect. In the first step the rotating parts are recognized, based on the inverse Radon transform (RT). After masking these patterns, a radar image with the rigid body reflection can be obtained. The proposed methods are illustrated by examples     

液体火箭发动机高速涡轮泵的振动故障检测

讨论了涡轮泵故障的几个主要原因，据此提取涡轮泵振动数据的特征，用BP神经网络的方法进行故障检测。BP神经网络的训练样本集由一个具有无监督聚类功能的神经网络从原始的特征向量集获取。     

Alfvén Wave Generation in Photospheric Vortex Filaments, Macrospicules, and "Solar Tornadoes"

The properties of Alfvén waves generated in the photosphere by field lines trapped in vortex sinks and propagating upwards through the transition region and corona are discussed and contrasted to those of waves generated via reconnection in transition region explosive events, or rather via untwisting reconnecting flux tubes. An outline for future simulations and theoretical advances necessary to understand the dynamics of spicules and macrospicules is described, and a detailed search for photospheric velocity patterns underlying macrospicules is suggested. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Discretized Miller approach to assess effects on boundary layer ingestion induced distortion

The performance of propulsion configurations with boundary layer ingestion (BLI) is affected to a large extent by the level of distortion in the inlet flow field. Through flow methods and parallel compressor have been used in the past to calculate the effects of this aerodynamic inte-gration issue on the fan performance;however high-fidelity through flow methods are computation-ally expensive, which limits their use at preliminary design stage. On the other hand, parallel compressor has been developed to assess only circumferential distortion. This paper introduces a discretized semi-empirical performance method, which uses empirical correlations for blade and performance calculations. This tool discretizes the inlet region in radial and circumferential direc-tions enabling the assessment of deterioration in fan performance caused by the combined effect of both distortion patterns. This paper initially studies the accuracy and suitability of the semi-empirical discretized method by comparing its predictions with CFD and experimental data for a baseline case working under distorted and undistorted conditions. Then a test case is examined, which corresponds to the propulsor fan of a distributed propulsion system with BLI. The results obtained from the validation study show a good agreement with the experimental and CFD results under design point conditions.     

Characteristics of Icy Surfaces

The surfaces of the Solar System’s icy satellites show an extraordinary variety of morphological features, which bear witness to exchange processes between the surface and subsurface. In this paper we review the characteristics of surface features on the moons of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Using data from spacecraft missions, we discuss the detailed morphology, size, and topography of cryovolcanic, tectonic, aeolian, fluvial, and impact features of both large moons and smaller satellites.     

Some Interpretations of Swerling's Case 3 Target Results, with Possible Extensions

The similarity between the distribution lawfor the Swerling Case 3 target model and acertain member of the log-normal family isdemonstrated. This similarity is then used topredict some important features of the detectionprobability characteristic for that model.The predictions are found to be highly accurateand suggest possible extensions of theunderlying method to the case of truly lognormalsignal-to-noise ratios.     

Detection and attribution of climate change, and understanding solar influence on climate

The detection of externally-forced climate change in observations, and its attribution to specific forcings, sounds simple enough to some people, but with others it has a reputation as a complex and arcane specialism. In fact, both these impressions have some truth - in principle it is no more than regressing expected patterns of climate change (normally obtained from GCM sim-ulations forced with observed or reconstructed past forcings) against the corresponding observa-tions, with uncertainty estimates that try to be as rigorous as possible, but there are many technical complexities. This survey begins with some motivating examples, and then summarizes the principles, problems and procedure without formal mathematics, before surveying results with an emphasis on possible solar effects, and why they are particularly problematic.     

The Induced Magnetospheres of Mars, Venus, and Titan

This article summarizes and aims at comparing the main features of the induced magnetospheres of Mars, Venus and Titan. All three objects form a well-defined induced magnetosphere (IM) and magnetotail as a consequence of the interaction of an external wind of plasma with the ionosphere and the exosphere of these objects. In all three, photoionization seems to be the most important ionization process. In all three, the IM displays a clear outer boundary characterized by an enhancement of magnetic field draping and massloading, along with a change in the plasma composition, a decrease in the plasma temperature, a deflection of the external flow, and, at least for Mars and Titan, an increase of the total density. Also, their magnetotail geometries follow the orientation of the upstream magnetic field and flow velocity under quasi-steady conditions. Exceptions to this are fossil fields observed at Titan and the near Mars regions where crustal fields dominate the magnetic topology. Magnetotails also concentrate the escaping plasma flux from these three objects and similar acceleration mechanisms are thought to be at work. In the case of Mars and Titan, global reconfiguration of the magnetic field topology (reconnection with the crustal sources and exits into Saturn??s magnetosheath, respectively) may lead to important losses of plasma. Finally, an ionospheric boundary related to local photoelectron signals may be, in the absence of other sources of pressure (crustal fields) a signature of the ultimate boundary to the external flow.     

The hit array: an analysis formalism for multiple access frequencyhop coding

A formalism is presented for the analysis of general frequency hop waveforms, such as those suitable for use in coherent active radar and sonar echolocation systems as well as multiple-access spread-spectrum communications. This formalism is based on the concept of coincidence, or `hit', between two frequency hopping patterns. The collection of all possible hits, together with their locations, is recorded in time-frequency space, which produces the high array associated with the two patterns considered. If the code length is sufficiently small with respect to the time-bandwidth product chosen, the hit array can be viewed as a digital representation of the corresponding ambiguity function. Salient properties of the hit array formalism are derived, including simple relationships between hit arrays resulting from basic symmetry-preserving transformations. These properties make it possible to predict the performance of a given set of frequency hop waveforms directly from the associated set of frequency hopping patterns     

分布式处理在民航生产中的应用

阐述了分布式计算机系统的基本原理以及互连方式,对其功能、特点进行了分析.为使该系统在民航等系统中的应用和研究更加广泛,文中还给出了一些应用实例.     

Obscured Activity: AGN, Quasars, Starbursts and ULIGs Observed by the Infrared Space Observatory

Some of the most ‘active’ galaxies in the Universe are obscured by large quantities of dust and emit a substantial fraction of their bolometric luminosity in the infrared. Observations of these infrared luminous galaxies with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) have provided a relatively unabsorbed view to the sources fuelling this active emission. The improved sensitivity, spatial resolution and spectroscopic capability of ISO over its predecessor Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) of enabled significant advances in the understanding of the infrared properties of active galaxies. ISO surveyed a wide range of active galaxies which, in the context of this review, includes those powered by intense bursts of star formation as well as those containing a dominant active galactic nucleus (AGN). Mid-infrared imaging resolved for the first time the dust enshrouded nuclei in many nearby galaxies, while a new era in infrared spectroscopy was opened by probing a wealth of atomic, ionic and molecular lines as well as broad band features in the mid- and far-infrared. This was particularly useful, since it resulted in the understanding of the power production, excitation and fuelling mechanisms in the nuclei of active galaxies including the intriguing but so far elusive ultraluminous infrared galaxies. Detailed studies of various classes of AGN and quasars greatly improved our understanding of the unification scenario. Far-infrared imaging and photometry revealed the presence of a new very cold dust component in galaxies and furthered our knowledge of the far-infrared properties of faint starbursts, ULIGs and quasars. We summarise almost nine years of key results based on ISO data spanning the full range of luminosity and type of active galaxies.     

On the Extraction of Features from Slowly Wandering Patterns

The problem of feature extraction with slowly wandering patterns is considered. Models are proposed to characterize the moving patterns. Using the perturbation theory of symmetric matrices, recursive relationships between the features at successive time intervals are obtained.     

Effects of aircraft emissions on ozone,cirrus clouds,and global climate

Although gaseous emissions from aircraft represent only a small fraction of all man made emissions, they may have particular significance because they are delivered directly into the upper atmosphere. This paper describes some research investigations of the effects of aircraft emissions and reviews the impact of those effects upon global climate.     

归一化参数蠕变模型的程序实现与验证

为了准确模拟实际构件的蠕变行为和应力松弛效应,在通用有限元程序环境下,利用其提供的用户可编程特性工具,将所发展的一种能完整描述蠕变3个阶段变形特征的归一化参数模型编制成用户子程序.考查了子程序计算结果与试验数据的差异、时间步长对计算结果的影响,并对不同规模有限元模型的计算耗时作了对比分析.针对变载(应力、温度)情形,在子程序中实现了时间硬化理论和应变硬化理论,并提出的介于两者之间的相对时间硬化理论.对带孔平板进行了实例计算,表明所发展的模型能够与有限元结果对实际结构进行蠕变模拟,计算结果的规律说明所发展的方法可较好地模拟实际构件的蠕变行为和应力松弛效应,验证了子程序的有效性.      

Effects of trips on the oscillatory flow of an axisymmetric hypersonic inlet with downstream throttle

Experimental investigations are conducted on an axisymmetric hypersonic inlet to evaluate the effects of trips on oscillatory flows. The model exit is throttled with a fixed block to generate oscillatory flows at a freestream Mach number of 6 in a conventional wind tunnel and a shock tunnel. Schlieren imaging and pressure measurements are adopted to record unsteady flow features.Results indicate that trips with a 1 mm thickness prominently suppress external separations, shorten oscillatory cycles, and modify pressure magnitudes. Trips can reduce the upstream movement ranges of separated shocks from nose regions to locations axially 142 mm downstream. The oscillatory cycles are shortened from 3.75 ms to 3.25 ms and from 4 ms to 3.13 ms in two facilities.Tripped cases generally exhibit higher pressure magnitudes than those of untripped cases, of which the increment is up to 21 times the freestream static pressure for the farthest downstream transducer in the shock tunnel. The effects of trips are related to the streamwise vortexes in wake flows, in which interactions between external separations modify the separated flow patterns and enhance the sustainment of the forebody boundary layers to backpressure. Flow processes causing increments of oscillatory frequencies and pressure magnitudes are analyzed, while the flow mechanisms dominating the processes still need to be clarified in the future.     

Forbush decreases in the cosmic radiation

The experimental observations of Forbush decreases in recent years are reviewed and related to different theoretical models which have been proposed. The observational data from both ground-based and spacecraft experiments were selected to illustrate the important characteristics of Forbush decreases. The form of the rigidity dependence of the cosmic-ray modulation during the decreases and effects of the geomagnetic field upon the magnitude of the decreases are discussed. Recent results to deduce the cosmic-ray flow patterns from the observed anisotropies during the decreases are presented. Other features such as differences in onset times, recovery times, precursory increases are discussed. In considering the theoretical models particular emphasis is placed upon the agreement of the predictions of the model with the experimental observations. A theoretical model is suggested which is not original but represents a synthesis of several models previously proposed. Future important measurements and analyses necessary to an understanding of Forbush decreases are outlined.     

汉语动词框架库的自动构建技术研究

语义知识库是自然语言处理的基础性工程,但现阶段语义知识库的构建,大部分基于人工。针对动词语义信息在自然语言处理中的实际应用,提出了自动构建汉语动词框架库的方法。首先,本系统针对不同的格关系抽取不同的扩展特征,并提出了将格标作为特征,训练得到基于最大熵的格关系识别模型,从而有效的识别了文本中的动词格关系。其次,采取有效的基于现有词语相似度的算法,并加入了启发式信息,从语料库中自动获取动词对必需格关系的语义选择限制。实验结果表明,对动词格关系识别的准确率达到了90．70％,在语义限制阶段,对必需格角色的语义类识别的准确率达到了98．00％。