一种步进频率信号认知雷达波形优化设计方法

认知雷达常用于完成探测、跟踪、成像及识别等多重任务,为提高其综合性能,需兼顾多方面因素研究其波形优化设计问题。基于此,提出一种基于压缩感知（CS）RIPless准则的步进频率信号认知雷达波形优化设计方法。首先,建立了目标回波信号稀疏模型,分析了其与发射信号模糊函数之间的关系。其次,根据模型中观测矩阵的构造,基于RIPless准则,将波形设计问题转化为概率分布的互相干参数及其协方差矩阵的条件数的优化问题,从而通过自适应寻优算法,获得优化的步进频率信号脉冲重复时间间隔序列和子脉冲频率序列。相较于传统方法,所提方法在信号发射与接收之间形成了信息实时反馈和信号优化重构的闭环,在高概率准确重构目标径向一维距离像的同时,也实现了发射信号模糊函数的优化。最后,仿真计算验证了所提方法的有效性。     

常用脉冲重复间隔估计算法

雷达信号分选是电子战系统(EW)与反辐射导弹(ARM)的关键技术,脉冲重复间隔(PRI)是信号分选与识别的一个重要参数,它决定了雷达的最大无模糊距离和最大无模糊径向速度。目前以脉冲序列的自相关函数为基础,利用脉冲到达时间(TOA)提出了多种脉冲重复间隔估计算法。本文介绍了几种常用算法的原理,讨论了各算法的缺陷,并给出了PRI变换应用于抖动PRI序列时的计算机仿真结果。最后分析了各种算法的性能与适用范围。     

一种孔径和频率二维稀疏的步进频SAR成像方法

 步进频率信号(SFWs)在不增加雷达系统瞬时带宽的情况下能够获得高的距离向分辨率的同时,也存在着抗干扰能力较差及其等效重复频率较低的问题,并且在方位向积累时间内由于雷达载机工作状态的变化,会导致方位向的数据录取不完整。针对上述问题,提出一种孔径和频率二维稀疏的步进频合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像方法。首先,分析了稀疏步进频率信号(SSFWs)的SAR成像模型,然后基于压缩感知理论完成距离向成像处理。其次,针对稀疏孔径的回波数据,通过构造成像算子和压缩感知重建模型的方法实现其距离徙动校正和方位压缩处理,进而获得二维成像结果。相比于传统的步进频率信号SAR成像,利用所提方法能够在少量的频率资源和雷达回波数据情况下实现准确的SAR成像。最后,通过对仿真和实测的步进频率雷达数据进行成像处理,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

外差式侦察接收机对频率捷变信号进行侦察的可行性

根据频率捷变信号的特点,分析了几种侦察体制下接收频率捷变信号需要的中频带宽、扫描步进频宽和截获时间,给出了对频率捷变信号侦察的可行性方案。     

飞秒激光器脉冲重复频率的锁定技术研究

介绍了光纤飞秒激光器脉冲重复频率锁定技术的应用背景及其原理,并设计了一套可快速实现重频锁定的实验装置,最终将激光器的脉冲重复频率锁定到铷原子钟上,使飞秒激光器的脉冲重复频率获得和原子钟同样的稳定度;通过计数器采集锁定后激光器的脉冲重复频率数据,使用Allan方差给出了稳定度评价,对激光器脉冲重复频率锁定前后的稳定度进行了对比。实验证明,自主设计的实验装置可以实现锁定功能,具有很好的实用价值。     

电子对抗技术的仿真

最近已研制成功一种用于鉴定电子对抗(ECM)技术—如“对眼”(CrossEye)技术—效果的设备,该技术从分置的独立天线向敌方雷达系统(如单脉冲雷达)发射射频(RF)信号。这项发明将雷达发射的RF信号分为两路,加上ECM信号,并在每个脉冲重复间隔后校准雷达-ECM混合信号,使之达到相位和幅度平衡。再将该信号在仿真雷达天线处下变频至中频。此天线之后,注频网络又将该信号的频率上变频,加上计算机控制的输入(包括回波信号),然后送到雷达接收机进行最后处理。     

脉冲超宽带信号测量性能分析

超宽带技术是一项新兴的无线通信技术,具有极其广阔的发展前景,但目前仅用于室内短距离通信,少见用于航天测控系统。为了将超宽带技术应用于测控系统中,以模糊函数为工具,对脉冲超宽带信号的测量性能进行分析。首先推导矩形脉冲串信号和载波调制矩形脉冲串信号的模糊函数,并对其模糊特性进行仿真分析。在此基础上,主要针对用于测控系统的伪码调制脉冲超宽带信号,利用其模糊函数分析其测距测速性能。结果表明:该超宽带信号具有良好的测距测速性能,其最大无模糊距离为1个伪码周期,最大无模糊多普勒频率为脉冲重复频率的倒数;单脉冲宽度越窄,其测距性能越好而测速性能越差。     

基于梳状谱发生器的毫米波相参脉压模拟器

研制了一种基于梳状谱发生器的全相参脉冲压缩毫米波雷达目标射频回波模拟器。通过与被测雷达共用基准频率参考信号,结合梳状谱发生器及DDS,保证了输出信号和雷达发射信号的相参性和快速频率跳变,实现较好的相位噪声性能和杂散抑制。该系统输出为Ka波段,带宽2GHz,步进100kHz,相位噪声小于一80dBc@1kHz,跳频时间小于2μs。     

单个雷达回波脉冲的多卜勒频率测量——各种干扰对测量精度的影响

一、引言使用活动目标显示法的先决条件是搜索波束每次与目标相遇,要有足够的发射脉冲命中目标。通常用线性带阻滤波器从固定物体回波信号(“杂乱回波”)中选出运动目标,这一方法基于下述原理,即固定目标的视频频谱的密度中心处于脉冲重复频率的谐波的附近,而运动目标视频频谱的密度中心(按照活动目标显示混频法)由于多卜勒调制,则以多卜勒频率为间距分布在脉冲重复频率的谐波的两边。命中目标的脉冲数量越多,这种现象就越明显。     

130BF02型反应式步进电机通过省级鉴定

黑龙江省国防科工办受省经委、省科委、省微机办的委托,对我厂研制的《130BF02型反应式步进电机》进行了技术鉴定。 该机是一种将脉冲信号变为直线位移或角位移的伺服电机。由专用的驱动电源供电,通过改变频率调节转速,广泛应用在增量控制系统中。目前,主要应用于微机控制机床中。     

Analog clutter cancellation algorithms for dynamic range reduction

A technique that effectively reduces the dynamic range of the input signal in a radar receiver prior to digitization is presented. The dynamic range reduction is accomplished through a process that predicts the next radar return signal from the previous return signals, generates a replica waveform, and subtracts this replica waveform from the radar return signal prior to digitization. This process allows the radar return signal to be digitized without distortion by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) having a limited dynamic range. The full dynamic range of the radar return signal is then restored by adding the replica waveform to the ADC output. Test and evaluation results using both synthetic and recorded radar data demonstrate in excess of a 30-dB reduction in the dynamic range of the signal at the ADC input when strong clutter is present     

Radar sensor using low probability of interception SS-FH signals

One of the best known weakness of radar sensors in defense and security applications is the necessity to radiate a signal, which can be detected by the target, so being possible (easy in fact) that the target is alerted about the presence of a radar before the radar is alerted about the presence of a target. In this context, Low Probability of Interception (LPI) Radars try to use signals that are difficult to intercept and/or identify. Spread spectrum signals are strong candidates for this application, and systems using special frequency or polyphase modulation schemes are being exploited. Frequency hopping, however, has not received much attention. The typical LPI radar at this moment of the technology is a CW-LFM radar. The simplicity of the technology is its best point. Polyphase codes, on the other hand have the inherent advantage of high instantaneous bandwidth regardless of observation time. But the complexity of the hardware is also higher. FH signals have traditionally been considered of lower performance but higher complexity, due to the difficulties to compensate the individual dopplers for the individual range cells in the receiver. One important point is that an FH radar must be clearly distinguished from an agile frequency radar. In the latter, a pulsed signal is transmitted using different frequencies from pulse to pulse. In an FH radar the frequency changes must be during the pulse. In fact, in an LPI FH radar, a CW frequency hopped signal is used. A radar system concept is proposed in which it shows how these problems can be overcome in a tracking application. Also, the signal format is analyzed under the scope of future decade digital interceptors, showing that, in fact, this kind of signal exhibits improvement in some performances and requires a hardware that is only slightly more complex than that needed for CW-LFM systems     

线性调频步进雷达ISAR信号特性及成像

文章在建立了线性调频步进ISAR回波信号模型的基础上,对线性调频步进雷达ISAR信号特性进行了详细的分析,指出了由径向速度和转动速度所引起的耦合项、一次项和二次项对距离合成高分辨和方位聚焦的影响;给出了线性调频步进雷达ISAR成像的详细步骤,并用仿真论证了文章分析的可靠性。     

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation technology of wide-band radar targets based on scattering center model

Hardware-in-the-loop(HWIL) simulation technology can verify and evaluate the radar by simulating the radio frequency environment in an anechoic chamber. The HWIL simulation technology of wide-band radar targets can accurately generate wide-band radar target echo which stands for the radar target scattering characteristics and pulse modulation of radar transmitting signal. This paper analyzes the wide-band radar target scattering properties first. Since the responses of target are composed of many separate scattering centers, the target scattering characteristic is restructured by scattering centers model. Based on the scattering centers model of wide-band radar target, the wide-band radar target echo modeling and the simulation method are discussed. The wide-band radar target echo is reconstructed in real-time by convoluting the transmitting signal to the target scattering parameters. Using the digital radio frequency memory(DRFM) system,the HWIL simulation of wide-band radar target echo with high accuracy can be actualized. A typical wide-band radar target simulation is taken to demonstrate the preferable simulation effect of the reconstruction method of wide-band radar target echo. Finally, the radar target time-domain echo and high-resolution range profile(HRRP) are given. The results show that the HWIL simulation gives a high-resolution range distribution of wide-band radar target scattering centers.     

飞机射频隐身表征参量及其影响因素分析

 随着军事装备的不断发展,无源探测器（电子支援系统、雷达告警接收机和电子情报接收机）对飞机的探测能力大大提高。为了避免机载雷达设备辐射的射频(RF)信号被截获,要求飞机具有良好的射频隐身性能。综合考虑机载雷达探测距离和无源截获接收机截获距离之间的关系以及天线空域扫描方式发生捷变对飞机射频隐身性能的影响,指出了用施里海尔(Schleher)截获因子评价飞机射频隐身性能的不足,并提出用信号截获率来表征飞机射频隐身特性的方法。最后,对影响信号截获率的因素进行分析与计算,在此基础上给出飞机实现射频隐身的途径与方法。该评价方法综合了飞机在时域、频域和空域上的射频隐身特性,对飞机的射频隐身设计具有参考价值。     

基于Keystone变换和MDCFT的高机动弱目标检测与参数估计

 常规雷达对隐身、超声速和高机动目标存在回波信噪比不足、距离徙动和多普勒谱扩展问题。将Keystone变换和修正离散Chirp-Fourier变换(MDCFT)相结合,提出了一种新的雷达信号处理算法。该算法通过Keystone变换补偿距离徙动问题,利用MDCFT对多普勒谱严重扩展的目标回波进行相参积累,提高目标检测性能的同时完成了对目标参数的估计,且该算法在方位向欠采样时仍可适用。最后对算法运算量及性能进行了分析,通过仿真验证了该算法的有效性。     

噪声调制连续波雷达信号波形射频隐身特性

雷达信号波形的射频(RF)隐身性能是雷达系统能否适应现代战场环境的重要因素,雷达射频隐身信号波形设计是现代雷达系统设计中的重要课题.首先,在介绍随机噪声信号雷达原理的基础上,基于Schleher截获因子阐述了噪声调制连续波雷达信号波形的射频隐身特性.然后,分析了高斯噪声相位和频率调制连续波雷达输出自相关函数和高斯噪声相...     

一种超宽带雷达信号模拟器的设计

为满足雷达装备不断增长的保障需求,研制了一套便携式雷达装备检测系统,该检测系统的核心组成部分是超宽带雷达信号模拟器。模拟器采用低频段基带信号与高频段本振信号2次混频来模拟产生0.05~16 GHz范围内多种体制的雷达信号,最后完成了电路实现,经过信号测试各项指标均达到设计要求。     

SAR ATR performance using a conditionally Gaussian model

A family of conditionally Gaussian signal models for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is presented, extending a related class of models developed for high resolution radar range profiles. This signal model is robust with respect to the variations of the complex-valued radar signals due to the coherent combination of returns from scatterers as those scatterers move through relative distances on the order of a wavelength of the transmitted signal (target speckle). The target type and the relative orientations of the sensor, target, and ground plane parameterize the conditionally Gaussian model. Based upon this model, algorithms to jointly estimate both the target type and pose are developed. Performance results for both target pose estimation and target recognition are presented for publicly released data from the MSTAR program     

基于FPGA＋DSP＋DDS芯片的雷达信号发生器设计

现代高科技战争对雷达系统设备的功能与性能提出了越来越高的要求，信号发生器作为雷达系统的重要组成部分也面临着更高的挑战，尤其是在体积、重量、功耗以及性能等方面要求越来越严格。分析了目前信号发生器的设计方法及其优缺点，并提出了一种基于FPGA＋DSP＋DDS芯片的雷达信号发生器设计方法，信号发生器具有频率分辨率高、噪声低、体积小、功耗低和控制简单等特点，且在某型产品中成功应用。