二元高超声速变几何进气道气动特性研究

设计了一种唇罩可沿来流方向平移的二元高超声速变几何进气道,对进气道开展了三维数值仿真研究,就气动特性与相应定几何进气道进行了对比.结果表明:通过迎着来流方向平移唇罩,进气道内收缩比由1.80下降至1.57,自起动马赫数由4.9下降至3.4.在来流马赫数为4.0~7.0范围内,变几何进气道与定几何进气道隔离段出口马赫数和增压比相差不大,变几何进气道流量系数和总压恢复系数可实现提升最大值分别为21%和9%.二元高超声速变几何进气道综合气动性能明显高于定几何进气道.      

单外涵变循环发动机变几何特性仿真

为了研究单外涵变循环发动机变几何性能收益,建立了一种单外涵变循环发动机总体性能仿真模型,并通过算例验证 了仿真模型的计算精度。根据不同飞行状态的发动机控制规律和最优控制目标,模拟生成3种变几何方案最佳变几何参数以及 最佳节流特性和高度-速度特性。结果表明：在设定的控制规律下,相对发动机常规变几何方案（方案1）,尾喷管、混合器与低压 涡轮导向器可调的变几何方案（方案3）使发动机地面节流状态耗油率降低1.7%～3.0%,超声速巡航推力增大14%～29%,亚声速 巡航耗油率降低0.9%～3.1%,在3种变几何方案中性能收益最大;尾喷管与混合器可调的变几何方案（方案2）使发动机地面节流 状态耗油率降低1.2%～2.2%,超声速巡航推力增大3%～17%,亚声速巡航耗油率降低0.9%～1.2%,在3种变几何方案中性能收 益居中。发动机变几何方案的选择应综合考虑结构复杂度、可靠性、质量等方面的代价与基于特定任务需求的总体性能收益的 平衡。     

Optical communication systems for avionics

Avionic information processing and transmission requirements are increasing geometrically, with no end in sight, The only feasible way to meet them is to incorporate fiber-optic communication systems into avionic platforms, Such systems can be employed to replace standard electronic components, to augment existing systems, or to enable new technologies. In this paper, we survey the field of low-power communication systems from the avionics engineering perspective. We review the fundamental merits of optical fiber for information transmission and discuss various information modulation schemes. These modulation techniques determine the performance requirements for laser transmitters, We describe the horizontal- and vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers currently available for these systems, and measure their performance against the additional environmental constraints of avionics platforms. Finally, we outline expected near- and far-term trends in system and device development     

Evaluation of a facial recognition algorithm across three illumination conditions

This work evaluated the performance of a commercially available face recognition algorithm for the verification of an individual's identity pertaining to three enrollment illumination levels. Existing facial recognition technology from still or video sources is becoming a practical tool for law enforcement, security, and counter-terrorist applications despite the limitations of the current technology. At this time, facial recognition has been implemented in limited applications, but has not been exhaustively studied in adverse conditions, which has initiated continuing study aimed at improving algorithms to compare images or representations of images to recognize a suspect (Paul, 2002). Moreover, this evaluation examined the influence of variations in illumination levels on the performance of a face recognition algorithm, specifically testing the significance between verification attempts and enrollment conditions with respect to factors of age, gender, ethnicity, facial characteristics, and facial obstructions. The results of this evaluation showed that for low and medium illuminance enrollments, there was a statistically significant difference between verification attempts made at low, medium, and high illuminance. However, for the high illuminance enrollment, there was no statistically significant difference between verification attempts made at low, medium, or high illuminance. Furthermore, this evaluation showed that the enrollment illumination level is a better indicator of the verification rate than the verification illumination level.     

一种宽马赫数变几何超声速进气道气动性能研究

为了改善二元宽马赫数超声速进气道非设计点下的气动性能,设计了一种来流马赫数为2.0~4.5的变几何超声速进气道,对其气动性能开展了数值仿真研究,得出了性能较优的变几何方案,并与相应的定几何进气道进行了对比.研究结果表明:采用变几何方法可提高进气道在转级点的气动性能;随着来流马赫数的增大而增加进气道的楔角及内收缩比,可降低进气道的喉道马赫数;采用该变几何方法可有效提高进气 道宽工作范围的气动性能,在某些状态下流量系数和总压恢复系数比定几何进气道分别高出19.4%和55.8%.      

某型航空涡轴发动机整机吞水性能试验

为进行某型航空涡轴发动机吞水试验,设计了喷水设备及专用进气整流装置,采用大小喷水环实现对发动机进行给定水流量的喷入.进行了发动机进口吞水量为空气流量2.5%和3.5%的试验,试验结果表明:试验方法及装置的设计合理可行;均匀吞水量不高于进气流量3.5%,发动机吞水时各截面温度下降量由进口至出口依次降低;吞水试验后,发动机性能下降.      

Study of amplification coefficient in a water-cooling Gardon-type heat power measuring apparatus

A new water-cooling Gardon-type heat power measuring apparatus is designed to meet the need of heat power source management and distribution. The steady state measurement mathematic model of the apparatus is built up in theory and the system amplification coefficient is defined as the ratio of the heat power to the temperature difference of the device, with which the value of the measured source power can be calculated easily with the corresponding temperature difference. In order to obtain an optimal heat power measuring system, the coefficients that can influence the relationship between the amplification coefficient, the temperature difference, and the heat power are analyzed. On the basis of these analyses, a set of experimental device is constructed and a number of experiments are carried on. Compared with the input heat power sample data, the error of the experimental measuring results is less than ±2%, and the experimental measuring values are in good agreement with the calculated theoretical ones. The heat power measuring apparatus can be applied in heat flux or heat power measurement in other fields due to its simple structure and high accuracy.     

冲压发动机连续可调喷管模糊控制研究

为了提高几何可调冲压发动机尾喷管控制性能,针对具有静差与动态不对称特性的连续可调喷管作动系统,采用模糊控制算法进行控制器设计,并利用自适应遗传算法进行控制器参数优化,最后将模糊控制系统与PID控制系统进行性能对比。结果表明,相较于常规模糊控制系统,优化后的模糊控制系统消除了稳态误差,减小了大小喉径在调节时间上的差异,鲁棒性较强。相较于优化后的PID控制系统,优化后的模糊控制系统在保证无稳态误差的基础上,具有更短的调节时间与更小的超调量,跟踪信号时具有更小的误差包络,优化后的模糊比PID控制系统性能提高2.6倍。总之,基于自适应遗传算法优化的连续可调喷管模糊控制系统比PID控制系统性能更高,能够满足高动态几何可调冲压发动机提出的响应快、调节精准、超调小的要求。     

电子式速度里程表的原理与应用

本文对电子式速度里程遥的原理，结构，设计思想，参数设置，器件选择等做了较为详尽的论述，显示了较老传统测量技术无可比拟的优点－结构简单，工艺性好，可靠耐用等，并给出了实用的线路图。     

Changes to vascular biometric system security & performance

When considering biometrics for a Personal Identification System, different modalities can be considered. The final selection will depend on specific application requirements. From the several modalities existing nowadays, vascular systems have appeared on the scene lately. Vein-based identification is claimed to be as reliable as fingerprint or iris identification, but with the usability of hand geometry or even the face. As with any other biometric modalities, vascular solutions have to be deeply analyzed for all relevant factors that could affect their performance or the security level achieved. This will show the analysis of the performance and security achieved by a commercial vascular biometric system, when being applied in several real-world scenarios. These scenarios will cover typical office environments to the more extreme environments, such as extreme light and temperatures, as those suffered in a banking ATM, or with high humidity such as in a gym. The results will show the strengths of this modality, as well as those points where further improvements are needed.     

高超声速二元进气道顶板移动变几何方案数值模拟

针对一种工作于马赫数Ma=4~6范围内的高超声速二元进气道,探索了一种进气道部分压缩顶板可移动的简单变几何方案,利用数值模拟研究了接力点变几何进气道的自起动性能和Ma=4~6的调节方法。结果表明:部分压缩顶板可移动简单变几何进气道方案在Ma=3.7能够实现自起动;变几何所形成的自适应放气槽放气量很小,最大放气量在2%以内,关闭自适应放气槽接力点Ma=4流量系数达到0.77;在整个工作范围内流量系数较高、总体性能较优,该变几何方案的调节方法是切实可用的。     

Designing method of acceleration and deceleration control schedule for variable cycle engine

Studies show that different geometries of a Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) can be adjusted during the transient stage of the engine operation to improve the engine performance. However, this improvement increases the complexity of the acceleration and deceleration control schedule. In order to resolve this problem, the Transient-state Reverse Method (TRM) is established in the present study based on the Steady-state Reverse Method (SRM) and the Virtual Power Extraction Method (VPEM). The state factors in the component-based engine performance models are replaced by variable geometry parameters to establish the TRM for a double bypass VCE. Obtained results are compared with the conventional component-based model from different aspects, including the accuracy and the convergence rate. The TRM is then employed to optimize the control schedule of a VCE. Obtained results show that the accuracy and the convergence rate of the proposed method are consistent with that of the conventional model. On the other hand, it is found that the new-model-optimized control schedules reduce the acceleration and deceleration time by 45% and 54%, respectively. Meanwhile, the surge margin of compressors, fuel–air ratio and the turbine inlet temperature maintained are within the acceptable criteria. It is concluded that the proposed TRM is a powerful method to design the acceleration and deceleration control schedule of the VCE.     

The rings of Saturn

This paper reviews observations of the rings of Saturn at visual, infrared, and radio wave-lengths. Critical assessments are made of attempts to derive the physical characteristics of the rings from these measurements. A discussion is also given of the origin and evolution of the rings.     

基于RF-SVR的燃油计量装置性能衰退检测和剩余寿命估计方法

为了实现航空发动机燃油系统的安全状态监测和健康管理,开展了燃油系统性能衰退检测和剩余使用寿命估计方面的研究。以燃油系统燃油计量装置为例,分析了其主要的性能衰退模式,设计了基于电流-速度数据的健康指标(HIs)选取方案,并考虑环境及模型参数不确定性,进行模型不确定性仿真,基于健康数据与性能衰退数据间的马氏距离对部件性能衰退进行检测。提出了基于随机森林-支持向量回归(RF-SVR)的剩余使用寿命(RUL)估计方法,利用通过RF特征选择优化的SVR模型实现部件RUL估计。最后基于某型民用涡扇发动机机械液压模型仿真数据对该方法进行了验证,结果表明:该方法的性能衰退检测虚警率及漏报率低于2%,RUL估计误差低于3%,可为航空发动机燃油系统的预测性维护提供参考。      

GAW-1翼型前后缘变弯度气动性能研究

传统增升装置主要用于提高飞机起降气动性能。利用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法,引入了通用飞机翼型的前后缘变弯装置的概念,数值模拟了GAW-1翼型在爬升状态时,前缘变弯装置、后缘襟翼/副翼偏转以及前后缘装置综合偏转对翼型气动特性的影响。研究表明,前缘变弯装置可以有效地改善翼型的失速特性,失速迎角提高了3°左右,最大升力系数提高了4.56%;同时提高升阻比50%~120%;但在设计升力系数下,升力系数和阻力系数都略微减小。另一方面,后缘变弯装置可以改变最大升阻比所对应的迎角,以及在小迎角时,提高升力系数6%左右。翼型综合偏转可以在小迎角时增加升力系数,在大迎角时增加升阻比。     

驻涡燃烧室蒸发管供油装置的雾化蒸发性能试验

设计了两种适用于驻涡燃烧室的蒸发管供油装置,并通过试验研究了两种蒸发管在不同环境温度、气液比、蒸发管雾化用气温度、流速等条件下的雾化蒸发性能.试验结果表明,这些条件对蒸发管的雾化蒸发性能均有较大影响,而且不同蒸发管出口轴向位置处的雾化性能也有较大差别.比较两种蒸发管的雾化性能后,选择其中较好的一种蒸发管作为涡轮级间驻涡燃烧室的供油装置,燃烧性能试验的结果表明,采用此种蒸发管的驻涡燃烧室具有较高的燃烧效率、较宽的稳定燃烧范围和较低的壁面温度.      

GPS频标比对系统的研制

应用GPS技术研制频标比对系统可对野外环境条件下的通信设备快速地进行时间频率校准.本文详细描述了系统中GPS频率标准源以及比相法、时差法频标比对单元的设计方案和软件设计思路,并给出了设计方案中关键技术解决的途径.该系统经校准完全能够满足要求,并在计量技术机构范围中得到应用.     

三环驱动轴对称推力矢量喷管逆运动学分析

针对某三环驱动轴对称推力矢量喷管,将喷管驱动结构分解为三个子模块,应用空间机构位置分析法、解析几何法、坐标转换法分别对上、中、下子模块进行分析,建立了完整的喷管驱动机构逆运动学模型,利用实体实验与仿真测试相结合的方法验证了喷管结构设计的合理性和所建模型用于喷管控制的有效性。所建模型准确率达到98%,为下一步喷管优化设计及控制器的研发提供了一定的理论基础。      

基于透射法的能见度测量装置设计与实验研究

探索并实现了一种新型的单端透射式能见度测量装置,该装置是一种易于对准调校的便携式测量系统。介绍了装置的基本设计思路及主要测量原理,进行了装置与参考仪器的能见度测量比对实验。实验验证了装置测量能见度的性能,测量相对误差在±15%以内。