北斗工程IGSO/MEO/GEO发射轨道设计

随着我国航天事业的蓬勃发展，运载火箭发射要求也呈现多样化。北斗卫星导航系统是我国自行研制的全球卫星导航系统，经历三步跨越式发展，目前已经全面建成。CZ-3A系列火箭承担了北斗工程全部发射任务，该工程对火箭倾斜同步转移轨道（IGTO）、中圆转移轨道（MTO）、地球同步转移轨道（GTO）新类型轨道要求。介绍了该类轨道特点，讨论了火箭发射方案、发射轨道设计及高空风双向补偿方法。实际飞行考核充分证明了发射轨道设计的正确性，设计方法确保了北斗工程全部发射任务取得圆满成功，为北斗工程顺利实施奠定了基础。     

“长征”三号B/“远征”一号火箭成功执行“一箭双星”任务

正2018年10月15日12时23分,我国在西昌卫星发射中心使用"长征"三号B/"远征"一号运载火箭成功执行"一箭双星"发射任务,将2颗"北斗"全球导航卫星发射升空。随后,火箭上面级顺利与双星分离,将其送入预定轨道。执行此次发射任务的"长征"三号B/"远征"一号运载火箭由中国运载火箭技术研究院抓总研制。此次发射是"长征"三号A系列火箭2018年第10次发射,     

“长征”三号B/“远征”一号火箭成功发射2颗“北斗”全球导航卫星

正2018年11月19日2时07分,我国在西昌卫星发射中心使用"长征"三号B/"远征"一号运载火箭成功执行"一箭双星"发射任务,将2颗"北斗"全球导航卫星(即"北斗"三号卫星)发射升空。随后,火箭上面级顺利与双星分离,将其送入预定轨道。此次任务是"北斗"三号工程的第10次发射,是该系统的第18颗和第19颗卫星,也是我国发射的第42颗和第43颗"北斗"     

空天瞭望

<正>“长征”四号“一箭双星”发射成功2023年3月10日06时41分,“长征”四号C运载火箭在太原卫星发射中心点火升空,以一箭双星方式成功将“天绘”六号A/B星送入预定轨道,发射任务取得圆满成功。“天绘”六号A/B星由航天东方红卫星有限公司研制,主要用于地理信息测绘、国土资源普查和科学试验研究等任务。执行本次发射任务的“长征”四号C火箭是由上海航天技术研究院抓总研制的常温液体三级运载火箭。本次发射是“长征”系列运载火箭的第465次发射。     

“长征”三号B/“远征”一号运载火箭成功发射两颗“北斗”卫星

正2018年9月19日22时07分,"长征"三号B/"远征"一号运载火箭在西昌卫星发射中心成功发射"一箭双星",将"北斗"卫星导航系统第37、38颗卫星顺利送入预定轨道,发射取得圆满成功。此次任务是"北斗"全球卫星导航系统("北斗"三号工程)的第7次发射,是该系统的第13颗、14颗星,对"北斗"三号全球组网工程建设具有重要意义。中国航天科技集团有限公司     

日本九十年代的新型运载火箭——H-Ⅱ

H-Ⅱ运载火箭的研制计划已于1985年4月正式开始。它是一种新型的一次使用的、可满足九十年代航天需要的运载火箭,拟将完全由日本独立研制。该火箭地球同步轨道的运载能力为2吨。H-Ⅱ火箭预定于1992年发射日本的第四代卫星。H-Ⅱ火箭具有以下设计特点:1)一箭多星发射结构,多数任务是一箭双星发射,每星重量为1吨;2)新运载火箭尽量选用了 H-Ⅰ火箭的研制经验;3)设计结构简     

“长征”三号B/“远征”一号火箭成功执行“一箭双星”任务

正2018年8月25日7时52分,西昌卫星发射中心,"长征"三号B/"远征"一号运载火箭成功执行"一箭双星"发射任务,将"北斗"卫星导航系统第35、36颗卫星发射升空,随后,火箭上面级成功与双星分离,将其顺利送入预定轨道。此次任务是"北斗"全球卫星导航系统的第6次发射,是该系统的第11颗和第12颗卫星。此前,"北斗"全球卫星导航系统已成功完成5组卫星的发射。     

“长征”四号B运载火箭成功发射“天绘”二号卫星

<正>2019年4月30日6时52分,我国在太原卫星发射中心成功实施"长征"四号B运载火箭"一箭双星"发射任务,将"天绘"二号卫星送入太阳同步轨道。"长征"四号B运载火箭由上海航天技术研究院抓总研制,是一款常温液体运载火箭,具备发射多种卫星、不同轨道要求的单星、多星发射能力。此次任务为了适应"一箭双星"的串联布局和卫星包络需求,箭体首次采用了3.35m直     

图片新闻

<正>2019年5月17日23时48分,我国在西昌卫星发射中心使用长征三号丙运载火箭,成功将北斗卫星导航系统第45颗卫星(北斗二号GEO-8卫星)送入预定轨道。本次任务是长三甲系列运载火箭的第101次发射,是中国运载火箭技术研究院抓总研制的长征系列火箭的第200次发射。2019年6月5日12时06分,我国在黄海海域使用长征十一号海射运载火箭CZ-11 WEY号,成功将试验卫星捕风一号A、B星及5颗商业卫星顺利送入预定轨     

火箭“新面孔”有过人之处

执行此次发射任务的长三乙改进I型火箭,是专为北斗卫星导航系统中圆轨道（MEO轨道）双星发射任务研制的新构型火箭,属于长三甲系列火箭“金牌家族”中的“新面孔”。     

长征三号甲系列运载火箭高适应性发展——从总体与导航制导控制的视角

从总体与导航制导控制的视角,对长征三号甲系列运载火箭发展与成就进行了分析和小结。长征三号甲系列运载火箭,在长征三号运载火箭解决我国发射高轨道卫星有无问题的基础上,历经基本能力、适应能力、高适应能力的发展,具备了高轨道大型卫星运载能力,突破了从单一轨道面到三维空间各种轨道发射、从高轨卫星转移轨道到工作轨道发射、从地球轨道到地月轨道发射以及从航天技术试验到高可靠工程应用发射等关键技术,使我国运载火箭整体能力取得了地球全轨道发射、星际轨道发射等跨越发展。航天重大工程和国际商业发射表明,该系列运载火箭已进入世界高轨道航天器发射的运载火箭前列,并奠定了进一步开拓发展的基础。     

LM-11SL:A Sea-Launched Carrier Rocket for Small Satellites and Its Launch Service

Following the successful maiden flight of the Long March 11(LM-11) launch vehicle from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in September 2015, the first sea-launched carrier rocket dedicated to provide a launch service for small satellites and their constellations, the Long March 11 Sea Launch(LM-11 SL) has been under development by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology(CALT) and the China Great Wall Industry Corporation(CGWIC). It is planned to commence launch service in 2018. Based on the LM-11, a land-launched four-staged solid launch vehicle which has entered the market and accomplished launch missions for several small satellites in the past 3 years, the newly adopted sea launch technology enables transport and launch of LM-11 SL from maritime ships, providing flexible launch location selection.After inheriting the mature launch vehicle technologies from previous members of the Long March launch vehicle family and adopting a new way of launching from the sea, the LM-11 SL is capable of sending payloads into low Earth orbits with all altitudes and inclinations, from 200 km to 1000 km, from equatorial to sun synchronous, within a shortduration launch campaign. The LM-11 SL provides a flexible, reliable and economical launch service for the global small satellite industry.     

Maiden Flight of Long March 7——The New Generation Medium Launch Vehicle in China

On June 25, 2016, the Long March 7(LM-7) launch vehicle completed its maiden flight successfully. LM-7, as a new generation of medium and basic launch vehicle based on the design concepts of non-toxic and nonpolluting, was developed for the purpose of launching a cargo spacecraft to the Chinese space station. Based on the experience on launching cargo spacecraft and satellites, LM-7 can be adapted for mainstream satellite launch missions in the future with its characteristics of serialization and continuous optimization. LM-7 is expected to be used to launch manned spacecraft in the future. This paper presents a general review of LM-7 with regard to the general scheme and provides references for the development prospects of a medium launch vehicle series in China.     

LM-11——The Main Force in China's Small Launch Vehicles for Commercial Launch

The Long March 11 launch vehicle(LM-11) is the only solid launch vehicle within China's new-generation launch vehicle series, enabling a full spectrum of Chinese launch vehicles. Compared with other China's LM series launch vehicles, it has the shortest launch preparation time. With the characteristics of appropriate launch capability, quick response, easy-to-use, flexible operation, universal interface and strong task adaptability, LM-11 can better meet the launch requirements for various small networking satellite, replacement and for emergency use. After four successful launches, LM-11 has become the main Chinese launch vehicle oriented to the international small satellite commercial launch market.     

Solid Rocket Motors for Launch Escape Tower Provide Safety to Astronauts

Compared with other ordinary launch vehicles, the LM-2F launch vehicle has two special systems, the fault detection processing system and launch escape system, because it is used for manned spaceflight missions. During the 10 flight missions carried out by LM-2F, only the launch     

我国航天运输系统60年发展回顾

航天运输系统包括一次性运载火箭、重复使用运载器、轨道转移运载器3个领域,目前一次性运载火箭仍是我国满足进入空间需求的主体。我国运载火箭起步于20世纪60年代,经过半个世纪的发展,共研制了17种运载火箭、9种上面级,具备发射低、中、高不同轨道和不同有效载荷的能力。对我国航天运输系统60年发展历程和主要成就与不足进行了总结。     

Europe's major challenge for the 21st century: Access to space

Like the other great space powers of the 21st century, Europe has its own means of accessing space: Ariane, which has guaranteed its independence in the launching of civil and military satellites for almost 30 years and has won a significant part of the highly competitive commercial market. This market provides the Ariane system with the production volume indispensable for its reliability, which also benefits institutional launches. Europe's commercial market share will be even larger if the launch system is flexible and adaptable to the diversity of demand. Probable future technological changes make flexibility more necessary still. Two technical characteristics will be key: a large enough payload capacity and the injection of satellites into energetic orbits, including final geostationary orbit. But carrying out such missions will only be possible if a new generation upper stage is used. The November 2008 ESA ministerial meeting opted to wait until 2011 to decide whether this is necessary, making it doubtful whether Arianespace will be able to maintain leadership in the commercial market. The authors urge a rethink of this position.     

中国航天固体火箭技术的发展

叙述了20世纪50年代以来中国航天固体火箭推进技术的发展历程，介绍了9种最具代表性的固体火箭发动机的技术特征、研制过程、地面试验和飞行情况，这些发动机分别应用于中国的探空火箭、运载火箭上面级和应用卫星变轨系统。文中还简要地评述了中国固体推进各单项技术的发展水平。     

The Reliable and Intelligent Propulsion Pressurization System of the Long March 7 Launch Vehicle

The reliable and intelligent propulsion pressurization system is one of the key technologies of new Chinese generation launch vehicles; a high reliability design is an important guarantee for the success of launching. This paper analyzes the domestic and overseas liquid launch vehicles in the area of propulsion pressurization systems, based on comprehensive analysis, demonstrating the reliable and intelligent propulsion pressurization system of the Long March 7(Simplified as LM-7) has been raised. By applying a full chain redundancy design, setting proper pressure control bandwidth and control mode reconstruction under extreme fault conditions, the reliability and adaptability of the propulsion pressurization system has enhanced significantly. In addition, the complete system has been verified by the first two flights of LM-7.