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针对现有方法一般是基于时间或距离的定值来确定碰撞区域的问题,提出了一种基于入侵机和无人机(UAV)运动信息的无人机动态碰撞区建模方法.首先,根据无人机与入侵机的运动状态、两机之间的最小安全距离等信息,通过几何方法得出无人机不采取任何规避机动时两机将发生碰撞区域的解析表达式,即无机动碰撞区数学模型;其次,考虑无人机的机动能力约束,计算了无人机采取最大过载转弯机动(左转或右转)时两机恰好避免碰撞发生的边界,即最大机动碰撞区数学模型;在此基础上,提出了不可规避区的概念;进而定义了安全飞行包络,它是无人机能够规避入侵机威胁的分界线;最后通过理论和仿真结合分析了影响各区域的主要因素.仿真与分析结果表明所建碰撞区不仅可以帮助无人机选择规避机动方式,而且能够帮助无人机判定常规避撞机动是否失败,并使无人机及时采取最大过载转弯机动,对无人机安全避撞决策具有实际参考价值. 相似文献
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T H Sweetser C A Halsell R J Cesarone 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1995,15(3):257-260
Planetary protection has been an important consideration during the process of designing the Mars Observer mission. It affected trajectory design of both the interplanetary transfer and the orbits at Mars; these in turn affected the observation strategies developed for the mission. The Project relied mainly on the strategy of collision avoidance to prevent contamination of Mars. Conservative estimates of spacecraft reliability and Martian atmosphere density were used to evaluate decisions concerning the interplanetary trajectory, the orbit insertion phase at Mars, and operations in orbit at Mars and afterwards. Changes in the trajectory design, especially in the orbit insertion phase, required a refinement of those estimates. 相似文献
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基于滑模控制的车车协同主动避撞算法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
传统的汽车主动避撞算法主要基于后车制动实现,但实际应用中会因为车距过近时仍无法避免追尾事故,以及由于紧急制动而造成驾驶员、乘客感到不适.需要从汽车行驶舒适性出发,利用车车通讯获取前车信息计算理想车间距,建立滑模控制方程计算出后车期望加速度,通过分配前后车加速度来完成协同主动避撞,由此保证了汽车行驶舒适性和安全性,弥补了传统算法的不足,并通过CarSim和Matlab/Simulink联合仿真验证了算法的可行性. 相似文献
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针对传统集群聚集算法在航天器集群规划应用中存在燃料消耗大、不均衡以及耗时过长等问题,提出了向心聚集的能量最优聚类避碰算法。该算法首先基于集群相对运动方程与有限时间的能量最优模型,建立了自适应的向心聚集的能量最优模型;在此基础上,对于耗时较长且碰撞的问题,提出一种基于能量最优的聚类避碰算法,以模块间安全距离矢量作为避碰约束,将能量消耗作为聚类算法指标进行改进。仿真验证表明,该算法可以自适应选取集群聚类的中心,有效避免碰撞,减少集群聚集总能量的消耗以及模块间能量消耗的不均衡性,使得工质消耗达到全局最优,且耗时仅有常规遗传算法的万分之一。该算法为集群快速安全聚集提供了思路。 相似文献
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The rapid increase of space debris population has posed serious threaten to the safety of human space activities and became a global issue. How to enhance the technical capabilities of space debris threat coping ability is of great significance to the sustainable development of space activities, the further development, and utilization of outer space. In this paper, we describe space debris research progress of China on observation, collision avoidance, protection, mitigation, regulation, and standard during the last twenty years, and look forward to the future development direction of space debris. 相似文献
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基于拉普拉斯变换的空间目标碰撞概率计算方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
碰撞概率是空间碎片碰撞预警中评判碰撞发生可能性大小的重要依据,对航天器机动规避具有重要意义。基于拉普拉斯变换的碰撞概率计算方法利用拉普拉斯变换以及幂级数的定义,推导了在短时间接近情况下碰撞概率的幂级数表达式,分析了碰撞概率的截断误差并确定了在不同精度要求下的幂级数项数。针对2009年美俄卫星的碰撞事件,将基于拉普拉斯变换的碰撞概率计算结果与Chan方法、Monte Carlo方法的计算结果进行比较,验证了基于拉普拉斯变换方法在计算精度上的优势。 相似文献
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针对轨道平面内某一方向发动机失效的情况,利用控制力的耦合效应,设计了航天器轨道转移的控制律。利用碰撞概率分析航天器发生碰撞的可能性,并结合燃料消耗选择一条碰撞概率小于给定的警戒值且燃料最优的转移轨道。最后通过仿真验证了发动机失效情况下的主动防撞机动控制律的有效性。 相似文献
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针对空间机器人双臂捕获非合作航天器过程中避免关节受冲击破坏的避撞从顺控制问题,在机械臂与关节电机之间设计了一种由旋转型串联弹性执行器(RSEA)构成的弹簧缓冲装置.通过缓冲弹簧变形来吸收捕获碰撞阶段产生的冲击能量,并采用合理的避撞从顺控制策略,保证镇定运动阶段关节受到的冲击力矩限制在安全范围内.应用拉格朗日方法及牛顿elax-elax欧拉法,分别建立捕获前双臂空间机器人开环系统及航天器系统动力学模型;结合冲量定理、闭链系统位置及运动学关系,得到捕获操作后两者所构成闭链混合体系统的动力学模型.为实现失稳混合体系统的镇定,提出了一种基于无源性理论的自抗扰避撞从顺控制方案.此外,运用最小权值范数法对机械臂各关节力矩进行分配,保证了各臂协调操作.通过数值模拟,验证了缓冲装置的抗冲击性能及控制策略的有效性. 相似文献
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Yongqiang Qi Yingmin Jia 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
In this paper, the collision avoidance maneuver under the chaser’s thruster failure in radial direction is investigated. First, based on the vision measurement, the relative position parameters of the target spacecraft are obtained and the target maneuvre positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Then, by using coupling effects, the thrusters working time intervals can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the thrusters working time intervals. Next, the switching control law under constant thrust is designed for active collision avoidance maneuvres along a specified trajectory. 相似文献
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表层采样技术是获取地外天体土壤样品的重要手段,为在月表复杂地形、不确定着陆姿态、不规则器表包络约束下,快速获取安全的表层采样动态轨迹,文章根据四自由度表层采样装置设计,分析了工作过程中的正逆运动学关系;根据表层采样装置动、静态目标点运动要求,将约束空间分解为有效障碍检测区与不可达集,进行表层采样避障规划;为加快规划速度,针对表层采样装置瞬态构型构建了动态障碍检测区、动态不可达集;结合人工势场法提出了避障规划算法。对典型姿态下表层采样过程的避障规划仿真表明,该算法可实现约束条件下的表层采样轨迹规划,并对表层采样装置适应性设计提供支持。 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2023,71(1):477-491
This study investigated model predictive control (MPC) for close-proximity maneuvering of spacecraft. It is essential for a designed MPC to effectively handle collision avoidance between the servicer spacecraft and the client spacecraft, especially while the client is rotating. The rotating motion of the client leads to dynamic changes in the collision avoidance constraints, which increases the difficulty of optimizing the control input in the MPC framework. Therefore, this study presents a method to improve the performance and computational efficiency of MPC for rendezvous and docking with a nonrotating or rotating client. An ellipsoid is adopted to model the client’s keep-out zone (KOZ). Given the spherical KOZ of the servicer, an expanded ellipsoid is introduced to describe the KOZ for the center of mass of the servicer and modeled as a nonlinear constraint. The linearization method for reference points located at the expanded ellipsoid is adopted to convexify the nonlinear constraints. The reference points are adaptively determined according to the positions of the servicer, client, and expanded ellipsoidal KOZ. The resulting hyperplanes are then used to describe the collision avoidance constraints. By utilizing the aforementioned strategies, combined with the calculated reference points, an adaptive convex programming algorithm suitable for real-time implementation of MPC is derived. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical simulations. 相似文献
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二阶多智能体系统自抗扰编队跟踪与避撞控制 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
在多智能体编队的目标跟踪任务中,智能体受环境中的障碍物的遮挡作用会丢失目标,而外部扰动会影响系统的时变编队跟踪的控制效果。为此,研究了这两种因素同时存在情况下的二阶多智能体系统时变编队跟踪和避撞控制。采用基于目标跟踪优先级的切换拓扑控制策略以实现在障碍物遮挡环境中对目标的持续跟踪,根据自抗扰理论设计包含扰动补偿项的编队跟踪控制器。首先,基于一致性方法提出切换拓扑下自抗扰时变编队跟踪控制协议,并给出一种基于跟踪微分器的编队指令生成方法;其次,设计了求解控制参数的算法并给出协议作用下系统的稳定性分析和证明;然后,基于人工势场法设计避撞控制协议;最后,提出障碍物遮挡环境下自抗扰时变编队跟踪控制协议。仿真实验结果表明:所设计的控制协议在上述两种因素存在时仍具有良好的控制效果。 相似文献
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空间碎片的碰撞预警与规避能有效避免碰撞事件的发生.碰撞概率是碰撞预警的主要判据,也是航天器规避机动决策的主要依据.由于计算碰撞概率的各相关参数带有误差,导致计算得到的碰撞概率值并不准确,难以做出规避机动决策,因此评估碰撞概率值的可信程度是亟需解决的问题.本文给出了一种碰撞概率置信度的计算方法,利用各影响参数的标准差,通过误差传递的方法计算碰撞概率的标准差,结合单边Chebyshev不等式,给出碰撞概率值大于10-4阈值时的置信度,并结合实际案例进行了分析. 相似文献
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Jianqiao Zhang Dong Ye James D. Biggs Zhaowei Sun 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2019,63(3):1161-1175
This paper addresses the relative position tracking and attitude synchronization control problem for spacecraft formation flying (SFF). Based on the derived relative coupled six-degree-of-freedom dynamics, a robust adaptive finite-time fast terminal sliding mode controller is proposed to achieve the desired formation in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances. It is shown that the designed controller is effective for changing information exchange topology making it robust to node failure. Then, the artificial potential function method is employed to generate collision avoidance schemes to modify the controller such that inter-agent collision avoidance can be ensured during the formation maneuver, which is critical for practical missions. The stability of the overall closed-loop system is proved by using Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical examples for a given SFF scenario are presented to illustrate the performance of the controller. 相似文献
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针对编队卫星成员数量较多时,编队重构规划考虑碰撞规避会带来的巨大的计算开销。为降低计算开销和提升优化效率,基于CW方程和双脉冲轨道机动策略,建立了能够快速预测编队卫星重构过程最短距离的多种代理模型,并基于三种大小不同的训练集,从模型精度和效率两方面进行了对比。结果表明,克里金(KRG)模型在各种代理模型中精度最高,而且随着训练量的增加,克里金和人工神经网络(ANN)模型的性能得到了明显改善,模型精度有一定的保证。研究还发现,尽管KRG模型预测时间高于其他代理模型,但和真实模型相比,其耗时仍然很短,因此可用于提高考虑避碰约束时卫星编队重构轨迹优化的效率。 相似文献