薄膜充气管展开模拟试验

根据多体理论中凯恩方法建立的折叠充气管模型,模拟研究了V形折叠充气管的充气展开动力学特性.由管内气压变化与充气展开时间的关系,分析了不同充气速率和初始展开角时展开加速度与时间的关系.结果表明:该模拟方法有效,展开加速度与充气速率总体成正比.另发现,为改善充气管的展开动力学性能,需控制特定展开角度范围内的加速度波动.     

薄膜充气管充气展开特性试验

用展开导轨消除因重力产生的摩擦力,在不同充气速率与初始展开角条件下对薄膜材料充气管的充气展开特性进行了试验研究,获得了展开角,以及展开加速度和内气压的变化规律。试验及分析结果表明:充气管的充气膨胀与展开相互独立,充气膨胀过程近似为等压增容过程,折叠部位的气压变化特性与整体气压变化特性差异明显。     

太阳帆充气支撑管展开动力学分析

太阳帆可以通过气体驱动支撑管而展开。针对太阳帆充气展开方式,分别对“Z”型8折管整体与分段充气模型建立有中心刚体与无中心刚体约束两种情况的有限元模型;针对分段充气模型,根据充气装置的位置分别建立自由端与固支端充气模型。应用动力学显式求解软件LS\|DYNA 进行太阳帆支撑管充气展开仿真模拟,并对仿真结果进行了分析。     

大型反射面的充气展开动力学研究

为了掌握大型反射面从收拢状态到完全展开状态的动力学特性，采用气囊模型和控制体积(CV)法对反射面的充气展开过程进行研究。建立了包含中心轮毂、肋板、支撑杆、薄膜圆环和张拉绳的反射面有限元模型，提出逆解法获得折叠收拢状态下反射面的节点坐标，给出了充气展开动力学分析流程，获得了恒定充气速率下展开过程中圆环充气体积、环内压力等参数与展开时间的变化规律。结果表明，采用充气技术可进行大型反射面有序可控展开，反射面的充气展开过程分初始收拢状态、解锁释放、肋板展开、保压稳定四个阶段，地面充气展开试验结果验证了仿真分析的准确性。     

典型折叠充气管的建模修正与展开仿真

本文分别研究了Z形、卷曲形、嵌套形折叠充气管的有限元建模方法。折叠充气管在进行有限元建模时,由于折叠部位内外层蒙皮的长度不一致给模型带来几何误差。不同的折叠方式建模技巧各不相同,引入的误差量也各不相同,本文着重分析了Z形折叠和卷曲形折叠建模所产生的几何误差,并提出了相应的修正方法。针对三种典型折叠方式,建立了相应的有限元模型,并应用控制体积算法实现了充气管的展开仿真。仿真结果验证了修正方法的有效性。增加尼龙粘扣是实现长卷曲折叠管的有控制展开的有效手段之一,本文采用失效连接来模拟尼龙粘扣的作用,比较了有、无尼龙粘扣的卷曲管的展开过程。仿真结果表明采用尼龙粘扣既不会明显带来充气管额外质量和刚度的增加,又可保证展开次序和展开方向的可控性,改善了展开过程的稳定性。     

含多间隙柔性可展帆板动力学建模及仿真

为研究柔性和多级铰链间隙对帆板展开过程动力学特性的影响，以月球车两级往复可展太阳帆板为研究对象，采用修正Coulomb模型表述摩擦力，通过接触碰撞力描述间隙，运用有限元法进行帆板柔性化，进而建立多间隙-柔性耦合的动力学模型。采用变步长伦哥库塔法进行数值求解，模拟帆板展开过程，分析了多间隙和柔性对帆板质心加速度、铰链间隙碰撞力等参数的影响。结果表明，在保证展开机构刚度要求的前提下，帆板柔性可补偿因铰间隙引起的加速度波动，减弱间隙处碰撞的剧烈程度，减小碰撞力幅值，进而改善帆板展开机构的动态特性。研究结果可用于指导月球车两级往复可展太阳帆板等同类型的可展机构动态优化设计。     

考虑压电耦合的空间充气展开结构频响特性分析

着眼于利用柔性压电元件获取空间充气展开结构的动力学特性，文章基于通用有限元软件ABAQUS，建立考虑压电耦合的空间充气展开结构频率响应分析方法，依次进行非线性充气预应力分析、模态分析和频率响应特性分析。以空间充气杆为例，分别利用有限元仿真和地面实验的方法得到其频响曲线，两者共振峰频率偏差小于2.3%，验证了充气展开结构有限元仿真方法的有效性。研究结果可为进一步分析空间充气展开结构的动力学特性和实施结构优化设计提供参考。     

大型抛物柱面天线展开动力学分析与展开过程控制

为揭示大型抛物柱面天线在轨展开过程中各部件的动力学特性，保障可展天线在轨展开过程稳定性，提出了一种基于模块组装的大型抛物柱面可展天线支撑机构动力学快速建模方法与非线性展开过程反馈控制策略。首先，基于绝对节点坐标法建立了天线可展支撑机构基本模块的动力学方程集与约束方程集。然后，通过子模块组装的方式实现对超大型支撑机构的动力学快速建模，并进一步提出逐块缩聚与递归的动力学微分方程高效求解算法。最后，基于非线性展开过程反馈控制策略实现了抛物柱面可展支撑机构该类强非线性系统的展开稳定控制。结果表明，该控制方法能显著降低可展支撑机构展开过程中的速度峰值，有效提高了大型抛物柱面天线展开过程中的展开同步性。     

一种提高太阳能帆板受晒效率方法

为提高航天器空间太阳能利用率,提出了一种可实现帆板对日定向功能的改进太阳能帆板双自由度驱动机构。根据航天器的轨道理论推导出在对日定向要求下太阳能帆板的运动规律和机构的运动轨迹,并给出了双自由度驱动机构的轨迹规划和驱动轴实时转角。仿真结果表明:用该法能实现帆板的对日定向,提高其受晒效率,对未来航天器太阳能帆板驱动机构设计与控制有一定的参考价值。     

极端温度下含隙铰柔性帆板展开位置精度分析

以自主研发的月球车重复可展帆板为研究对象，分析月表极端温度对其展开末端位置可靠性的影响。构建极端温度与帆板材料、铰链结构间的关系函数，基于运动弹性动力学，建立极端温度下可展帆板间隙-柔性耦合动力学模型。以帆板展开末端位置误差为评价指标，将BP神经网络算法与一次二阶矩法相结合，利用应 力- 强度理论建立帆板展开末端位置可靠性模型，通过算例分析对比不同极端温度下的可靠性指标。用经典MC法计算进行对比验证，确定神经网络方法的可行性、高效性。结果表明，极端温度条件下，铰间隙对于位置可靠性的影响显著，温度区间在-30 ℃~20 ℃时，机构展开末端位置可靠性最优。     

Ultralight deployable booms for solar sails and other large gossamer structures in space

Future solar sail spacecraft which do not need any rocket motors and propellants are a promising option for long-term exploration missions in the solar system. However, they will require ultralight reflective foils and deployable booms which will allow for the unfolding of huge sails. The achievement of an acceptable ratio of reflective sail area and structural mass, which results in a still small, but significant acceleration under the photon pressure of sunlight, is extremely challenging. The same challenging deployment technique is required for the unfolding of large reflector membranes or antennas (gossamer structures). The key elements are the booms which must be stowable in a very small envelope before they reach their destination in space. Such booms were developed by DLR and have been successfully tested under zero-g-conditions during a parabolic flight campaign in February 2009. It could be convincingly demonstrated that the unfolding process is both controllable and reproducible. The booms consisted of two co-bonded omega-shaped carbonfiber half shells with 0.1 mm wall thickness each and had a weight of only 62 g per meter. Two different deployment technologies were tested, one based upon an inflatable 12 μm thick polymer hose inside the boom, the other one using an electromechanical uncoiling device at the tip of each boom. In the latter case, the uncoiling devices will radially fly away from the spacecraft, such that they become “expendable deployment mechanisms” and their mass does not count any more for the spacecraft mass that needs to be accelerated or actively controlled.     

Initial performance assessment of hybrid inflatable structures

Inflatable technology for space applications is under continual development and advances in high strength fibers and rigidizable materials have pushed the limitations of these structures. This has lead to their application in deploying large-aperture antennas, reflectors and solar sails. However, many significant advantages can be achieved by combining inflatable structures with structural stiffeners such as tape springs. These advantages include control of the deployment path of the structure while it is inflating (a past weakness of inflatable structure designs), an increased stiffness of the structure once deployed and a reduction in the required inflation volume. Such structures have been previously constructed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory focusing on large scale booms. However, due to the high efficiency of these designs they are also appealing to small satellite systems.This article outlines ongoing research work performed at the University of Southampton into the field of small satellite hybrid inflatable structures. Inflatable booms have been constructed and combined with tape spring reinforcements to create simple hybrid structures. These structures have been subjected to bending tests and compared directly to an equivalent inflatable tube without tape spring reinforcement. This enables the stiffness benefits to be determined with respect to the added mass of the tape springs. The paper presents these results, which leads to an initial performance assessment of these structures.     

IKAROS太阳帆的关键技术分析与启示

分析了国外太阳帆的发展现状,重点论述了世界上首次成功飞行的太阳帆——太阳辐射驱动星际风筝航天器（IKAROS）的总体设计、材料设计、空间展开和姿态控制等关键技术,以及中国开展太阳帆和空间大型展开结构的总体设计、空间展开、姿态控制、空间环境适应性等关键技术,提出了系统开展以太阳帆为代表的大型轻质展开结构研制与应用的建议。     

Analysis of dynamic behaviour of inflatable booms in zigzag and modified zigzag folding patterns

The deployment behaviour of inflatable booms with zigzag and modified zigzag folding patterns is experimentally and theoretically investigated in this paper with the aim to deploy the booms as the actuator for future deployable large-scale membrane structures. Regarding the experimental approach, the stable deployment of a modified zigzag folding pattern is demonstrated, and the relation between stable and unstable deployment behaviour is considered in relation to air pressure and flow rate. In terms of the theoretical approach, the folding process and deployment behaviour are simulated using commercially available software (PAM-CRACH and PAM-SAFE). To create folding lines from the zero stress condition in the case of analytical inflatable boom models, the stress distribution and the shapes of the folding lines are considered for the initial self-deployment behaviour and deployment behaviour using the uniform pressure method. From the folding experiments and the results of folding analyses and UPM, the deployment behaviour of inflatable boom models in zigzag and modified zigzag folding patterns is compared by using the finite point-set method. For the sequential deployment behaviour, which is difficult to replicate, the uniform pressure method is used for the calculations, and the relation between inlet air flow and stable deployment behaviour is discussed through comparison of the experimental and analytical results.     

Sensitivity studies of the deployment of a square inflatable solar sail with vanes

This paper summarizes the results of numerical experiments to determine the sensitivity of the final attitude of an inflatable solar sail with vanes after deployment to various parameters affecting the deployment process. These parameters are: in- and out-of-plane asymmetries during deployment, length inflation profile, and vane deployment failures. We show how robust the sail deployment is to geometric asymmetries before a 35° off-Sun angle is reached. Differential delays in the time to inflate the booms and a boom sweep-back angle affect the stability favorably. Adjacent vane failures to deploy affect the stability unfavorably, while the failure of opposing vanes is acceptable. Realistic boom length rate profiles obtained during ground tests are used in the simulation showing that failing adjacent vanes in conjunction with initial inflation delays in adjacent booms represent the worst case. We also demonstrate that by feeding back attitude and attitude rate measurements so that a corrective action is taken during the deployment, the final attitude can be maintained very close to the initial attitude, thus mitigating the attitude changes incurred during deployment.     

UltraFlex太阳电池阵的结构优化

以提高圆形太阳电池阵的展开过程稳定性和固有频率为优化目标，以UltraFlex太阳电池阵为模型，采用有限元软件SAMCEF对其进行结构优化。以承重梁材料、斜梁开口高度、斜梁位置、梁截面高度及厚度5种结构参数为优化变量，进行了多种工况的展开动力学仿真和模态计算。经分析发现，结构展开后期太阳毯与支撑梁拉扯会导致支撑梁剪切应力激增；梁材料、斜梁位置与支撑梁截面高度对太阳电池阵的展开过程稳定性影响较大；当梁材料为碳纤维，斜梁位置为1100 mm，梁截面高度为20 mm时，展开过程稳定性最好；斜梁位置和承重梁截面厚度对结构固有频率影响较大；当斜梁位置为900 mm或1100 mm、承重梁截面厚度从3 mm增至3.5 mm时，系统固有频率涨幅最大，由此带来的质量增加可以接受。     

预应力下空间站柔性太阳翼动力学特性分析

空间站柔性太阳翼上有以下预应力:1)在轨工作时,会周期性进出地球阴影区,结构温度会发生周期性的变化,温差在结构上产生了热应力;2)中央桁架斜拉杆上作用有展开预应力;3)柔性阵面上施加有张紧力。这些预应力都会引起几何刚度,从而改变太阳翼结构的动力学特性。文章使用Abaqus非线性动力学求解功能,首先对中央桁架部分和柔性阵面部分分别建立有限元模型,研究预应力对太阳翼动力学特性的影响,发现只有柔性阵面上的张紧力影响最为显著;然后针对完整的太阳翼结构,考虑阵面张紧力作用下,研究其动力学特性,并与未考虑预应力引起的刚度变化时的结构动力学特性进行对比分析。     

太阳翼展开锁定最大冲击载荷修正方法

太阳翼展开锁定过程产生的锁定冲击载荷是卫星设计的重要指标,太阳翼设计时一般通过地面试验或仿真对该载荷进行估计。文章提出一种对太阳翼展开锁定过程最大锁定冲击载荷的修正方法。此方法在试验或仿真得出的载荷-时间曲线的基础上,参考模态分析结果或载荷曲线的频率分布情况,按频段分解,调整相位后再进行叠加,得到修正后的可能最大载荷。...     

太阳翼地面展开锁定的动力学仿真分析

利用ADAMS软件的柔体动力学计算功能,将ADAMS和PATRAN/NASTRAN软件联合,建立太阳翼地面展开及锁定仿真模型,从太阳翼展开初始就考虑连接架和基板的弹性,以及地面各影响因素的影响,对太阳翼地面展开锁定过程进行连续的仿真计算,得到了对驱动机构的冲击载荷等动力学性能.分析方法得到了试验的验证.其后,给出了太阳...