共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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平动点,尤其是共线平动点轨道在未来深空探测活动中具有重要的应用价值,但由于共线平动点轨道不稳定,运行在其上的航天器在无控情况下将很快偏离标称轨道,因此在实际任务中,轨道维持必不可少。针对地月系L2点附近的Halo轨道维持问题,首先在圆型限制性三体模型下,利用Richardson三阶近似解析解、微分修正以及打靶法获得了用于维持控制的标称轨道;然后设计了基于特征模型理论的黄金分割控制器用于速度跟踪以及PD控制器用于位置跟踪;最后分别在圆型限制性三体模型和双圆限制性四体模型下进行了仿真分析。结果表明:在两种模型下,位置和速度的跟踪精度分别优于100 m和0.003 m/s,但双圆限制性四体模型下所需总的速度增量比圆型限制性三体模型下所需总的速度增量高一个数量级。 相似文献
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针对地月系L1点(LL1)的轨道转移问题,在平面圆型限制性三体问题模型下,提出了利用月球借力的间接转移设计方法.转移设计分为地月转移轨道段和月球至LL1流形段.首先,通过改变LL1点初始机动速度,逆向积分LL1点的拟流形,以寻找初始速度、月心会合坐标系下的轨道高度和相位角这三者之间的关系,确定月球—LL1流形段微分改正的初始条件.然后,借助地月系不同转移时间的霍曼转移轨道所对应的近月点高度和相位角的关系,获得使2段转移在近月点相拼接的地月转移轨道段.这种设计方法给出了一系列LL1点间接转移轨道,将此设计结果与其他文献中的转移设计方法进行比较,此间接转移轨道比低能量转移轨道节省时间,比直接转移轨道节约能量. 相似文献
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针对圆形限制性三体问题下求解月球探测器逃逸轨道时,不能充分利用月球椭圆公转动力学特性节约逃逸能量的问题,对动力学模型进行拓展,在椭圆三体问题下建立月球探测器轨道动力学方程与能量表达式。首先通过理论推导,求解了探测器逃逸所需的发射能量与逃逸过程中的轨道能量随月地椭圆相对运动状态的数学表达式,对其进行分析发现,同一环月轨道上出发的逃逸探测器所需发射能量与地月距离呈正相关,而逃逸过程中探测器轨道能量变化与地月相向运动速度呈正相关,从而得出在月球接近其近地点过程中发射逃逸探测器可以最大限度节约发射能量的结论。在此基础上,引入庞加莱截面法设计探测器最低能量逃逸轨道。通过寻找使逃逸轨道所在不变流形的庞加莱截面收缩为一点的发射位置与能量,求解不同地月相位下的逃逸轨道能量需求,进而迭代求解能量最优逃逸轨道。最终,通过对比仿真结果得到,月球真近角为283°时发射逃逸探测器将最节约能量,与理论推导的结果相吻合。相对于圆形限制性三体问题下推导的最低逃逸能量,采用椭圆三体模型设计的低能量逃逸轨道可以节约8%左右的发射能量,对于深空探测等任务来说具有明显优势。 相似文献
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加装格尼襟翼的自转旋翼气动特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究格尼襟翼对自转旋翼气动特性的影响,首先建立了翼型加装格尼襟翼的二维气动特性计算模型,分析了NACA0012翼型及该翼型加装1%、2%弦长高度格尼襟翼的气动特性,理论计算结果与试验结果的对比表明了本计算模型的正确性。基于叶素理论建立了自转旋翼动力学模型,采用Pitt-Peters动态入流模型捕捉自转旋翼诱导速度沿桨盘的非均匀分布特性。最后进行了自转旋翼加装不同高度格尼襟翼的气动特性分析,结果表明:翼型加装1%弦长高度的格尼襟翼后,在20 m/s到35 m/s的来流速度下,自转旋翼的阻力平均减小可达26%;加装高度为2%弦长的格尼襟翼后,在20 m/s到35 m/s的来流速度下,自转旋翼的阻力平均减小达17%。自转旋翼的气动效率得到明显提高。 相似文献
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针对全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)因频点单一、落地功率低、易受电磁干扰以及存在覆盖较差区域等潜在的被拒止或被干扰导致的导航系统性能降低甚至失效的问题,提出了一种基于星链(Starlink)机会信号融合惯性导航系统(INS)的飞行器动态组合导航方法。首先分析了星链信号体制,建立了基于星链星座卫星下行机会信号的瞬时多普勒定位观测模型,设计了一种基于频率细分的快速最大似然多普勒频率估计方法,然后建立了基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的Starlink机会信号/INS的组合导航模型,并对该导航方法进行了实验及分析。结果表明,该方法可为飞行器提供长航时、连续、高精度的导航。动态飞行情况下,该方法可实现平均优于25 m的三维定位精度和平均优于0.1 m/s的速度估计精度,比相同观测时间下的惯导精度提高了1~2个数量级,显著提高了飞行器的导航精度,可为战略导航提供方法和技术支撑。 相似文献
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小推力航天器的地月低能转移轨道 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
在限制性四体模型下研究基于小推力方式的地月低能转移问题,通过借助于平动点轨道的相空间结构来揭示小推力转移的机理。重点研究了小推力转移自由飞行段的构造:经由LL1点穿越获得最小能量的低能转移;而经由LL1点Halo轨道穿越,得到(M,N)圈穿越轨道;由于Halo轨道相对于平动点增加了一维度的选择,根据(2,2)圈穿越轨道构造该转移的自由飞行段。在地球势阱逃逸和月球势阱捕获段,分别设计了合适的小推力的控制律及发动机开/关机时间,成功实施近地球段的小推力加速和近月球段的减速。尽管未对所得到的结果进行优化,所得转移轨道的燃料消耗也与类似边界条件的SMART-1轨道基本一致。 相似文献
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The optimization of the Earth-moon trajectory using solar electric propulsion is presented. A feasible method is proposed to optimize the transfer trajectory starting from a low Earth circular orbit (500 km altitude) to a low lunar circular orbit (200 km altitude). Due to the use of low-thrust solar electric propulsion, the entire transfer trajectory consists of hundreds or even thousands of orbital revolutions around the Earth and the moon. The Earth-orbit ascending (from low Earth orbit to high Earth orbit) and lunar descending (from high lunar orbit to low lunar orbit) trajectories in the presence of J2 perturbations and shadowing effect are computed by an analytic orbital averaging technique. A direct/indirect method is used to optimize the control steering for the trans-lunar trajectory segment, a segment from a high Earth orbit to a high lunar orbit, with a fixed thrust-coast-thrust engine sequence. For the trans-lunar trajectory segment, the equations of motion are expressed in the inertial coordinates about the Earth and the moon using a set of nonsingular equinoctial elements inclusive of the gravitational forces of the sun, the Earth, and the moon. By way of the analytic orbital averaging technique and the direct/indirect method, the Earth-moon transfer problem is converted to a parameter optimization problem, and the entire transfer trajectory is formulated and optimized in the form of a single nonlinear optimization problem with a small number of variables and constraints. Finally, an example of an Earth-moon transfer trajectory using solar electric propulsion is demonstrated. 相似文献
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Gordon J. F. MacDonald 《Space Science Reviews》1963,2(4):473-557
The internal structures of the moon, Mars, Venus, and Mercury are examined in the light of what is known about the constitution of the earth. The gravitational figure of the earth as obtained from orbits of artificial satellites is used to estimate the possible deviations from hydrostatic equilibrium on other planets. Observations of the orbital and rotational motion of the moon are consistent with the hypothesis that the interior of the moon supports density inhomogeneities of the same order as those supported by the earth. The available data on the moon are insufficient to determine whether or not the moon is differentiated. The orbits of Phobos and Deimos yield an adequate value for the moment of inertia of Mars. The moment of inertia and the mass are consistent with a metallic core containing about 10 per cent of the mass of Mars. The observations of the possible magnetic field of Mars would be of importance both to the understanding of planetary magnetic fields and elucidating the internal structure of that planet. Seismic investigations on the earth yield an equation of state for silicates to pressures of about 1 × 106 bars. This equation of state is used in determining density variation within Mars.The surface heat flow for the earth is consistent with the hypothesis that the concentration of radioactive elements is the same as that in chondritic meteorites. The observed ratio of potassium to uranium in surface and near-surface rocks is not consonant with the chondritic hypothesis. The moon can be of chondritic composition only if it is differentiated with the radioactivity concentrated in the upper few hundred kilometers. A chondritic composition for Mars would require a differentiation in excess of that consistent with its mass and moment of inertia. It is concluded that a chondritic composition is not a satisfactory chemical model for the inner planets. 相似文献
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嫦娥三号巡视器的惯导与视觉组合定姿定位 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对“嫦娥三号”的“玉兔号”巡视器在月面未知环境中避障与安全行进的要求,分析和阐述了“玉兔号”巡视器在地面遥操作中心的控制下利用惯导和视觉组合进行月面导航与精确定位的实现方法,并结合现有的导航定位研究对“玉兔号”巡视器导航与定位的工程创新性进行了总结,阐明了惯导定位和视觉定位技术在“玉兔号”巡视器月面探测过程中的工程应用特点.最后,通过“玉兔号”巡视器着月点的精确定位实验,验证惯导和视觉相结合的定位方法的有效性,定位精度近似达到总行驶里程的1%,这对“玉兔号”巡视器开展月面探索和准确抵达科学目标位置具有重要作用. 相似文献
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T. N. Nazarova 《Space Science Reviews》1968,8(3):455-466
This paper contains the data of meteoric particle investigations by means of piezoelectric detectors.The data obtained on the different Soviet vehicles at distances from about 100 km to about 100000000 km from the earth are given.Measurements have demonstrated that apart from fluxes there are individual aggregations of meteoric particles with very unequal spatial density of particles in them. Linear dimensions varied within wide limits.A concept of the mass spectrum of meteoric particles is presented.Very high concentrations of minute dust particles were observed near the earth at altitudes from 100–200 km by means of ground-based methods and rocket measurements.The increased density of interplanetary matter in the vicinity of the moon during April and May 1966 was recorded by means of satellite Luna-10. By means of Luna-12 it could not be discovered whether this aggregation is the moon halo or is the result of the moon passage through some dust particle aggregation, because the investigation on satellite Luna-12 was carried out mostly during meteor showers. 相似文献
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针对2012年5月21日某低轨卫星受到月影干扰导致控制系统工作异常的问题,分析了月影现象产生原理,结合月影期间影响卫星安全的异常原因,系统分析了卫星平台能源预警机制与驱动控制系统中的太阳帆板控制方案,提出了某型号低轨卫星应对月影现象安全运行的处置方法和后续同类型卫星能源管理修改建议.该方法分别在2012年11月9日、2013年5月10日得到应用,在月影期,该卫星太阳阵输出电流从4.5A下降到2A,太阳帆板对日转动正常,能源管理系统未出现报警.应用结果说明,该方法能够有效地解决同类型卫星月影干扰的问题. 相似文献