航空航天难加工材料高速超声波动式切削方法

传统超声振动切削一直没有突破极低分离切削速度限问题，即只有在很低切削速度下才有明显的分离切削降力、降热工艺效果。以解决难加工材料加工效率低、加工质量差为出发点，提出高速超声波动式切削方法，阐明了高速分离、相位控制、切挤一体3方面的基本机理，通过对改善切削加工性、提升刀具寿命、改善表面完整性3个方面的讨论，充分体现高速超声波动式切削技术的优势，丰富难加工材料高表面完整性的加工工艺，为航空航天领域难加工材料高质量加工提供理论和技术基础。     

离子束加工技术及其在航空工业中的应用

离子束加工是一种原子级尺寸的加工技术。离子刻蚀、离子注入、离子镀和离子溅射沉积等离子束加工工艺已在航空工业中获得大量应用。目前，正在研究开发一些新的离子束加工工艺。     

复杂型面数控加工工艺及编程技术研究

数控加工工艺与编程技术水平是影响产品加工质量和生产效率的重要因素之一。以航空燃油附件复杂型面的数控加工为典型实例,以实现高质量、高效率的加工效果为目标,重点介绍了数控加工工艺与编程思路及技巧,为数控加工技术的深度应用打下良好应用基础。     

蚁群优化算法在加工工艺知识发现中的应用

针对加工工艺数据复杂、庞大、多变的特点,为解决加工工艺知识的匹配与推理的关键性技术,将模拟生态系统的模糊聚类算法应用于加工工艺知识库。提出了基于蚁群算法的工艺知识发现的概率查询方法,并建立加工工艺知识库的数学模型。通过输入关键词运行蚁群算法,描绘出索引地图,提取分析所需要的加工工艺序列。最后以铣加工工艺为例进行实例验证,结果表明,基于蚁群算法的工艺知识发现高效全面地优化了工艺序列。     

微小型车铣加工表面粗糙度分析及预测模型建立

随着尖端科学技术和国防工业的不断发展，微小型车铣加工技术作为一种先进的切削加工方法被广泛应用在军民制造领域。为获得微小型正交车铣加工参数引起的零件表面粗糙度的变化规律，以高效车铣复合加工机床正交车铣轴类零件的表面粗糙度为研究对象，采用三水平五因素正交实验分析法和多元线性回归预测法，重点研究了车铣加工参数与表面粗糙度之间的关系、车铣加工参数与表面粗糙度预测模型数值关系。结果表明，采用相同刀具下正交车铣加工轴类零件，其工件尺寸、车削主轴转速、工件进给量、铣削主轴转速和切削深度依次从大到小影响零件表面粗糙度质量，可指导高效车铣复合加工机床的加工工艺参数优化。     

数控电解加工整体叶轮的关键技术

以平行直纹型面的数控展成电解加工为例，对数控电解加工整体叶轮的主要关键技术，包括成形规律、展成运动、数控编程、阴极设计制造、机库及多轴联动数控系统、典型叶轮加工工艺逐一进行了介绍。     

方孔加工工艺改进

针对一些难于加工的小型方孔，提出了一种机械加工和电加工相结合的工艺新方法，解决了机械加工方孔存在的困难，为同类零件的加工提供一定的参考。     

数控加工进给速度参数优化研究现状与展望

进给速度工艺参数优化是实现数控智能加工环节中至为重要的一环，也是未来智能制造领域内亟需解决的关键性问题。针对数控加工中进给速度参数优化问题，整体上从以加工效率、加工质量、机床运行平稳性和恒定切削力为目标的进给参数离线优化、恒定切削力和恒定功率的自适应进给参数在线优化，和离线与在线联合应用3种优化方式角度，详细阐述了国内外学者对进给速度优化的研究现状和理论成果，总结了各种优化方法的应用效果和优势与缺点所在，并对工艺参数智能优化方法提出了几个代表性的突破方向和未来的发展趋势，以期能更好地实现数控系统的自主决策和智能优化，提高加工效率和加工质量，提升数控系统应用性能，推动自主化发展和智能制造的发展进程。     

断续展成法加工高精度非圆齿轮

本文提出采用展成法加工高精度非圆齿轮。其特点是利用标准切齿刀具和高精度通用机床就能加工这种齿轮，为单件和少量试生产提供了一种方便加工方法。文中介绍了此法的原理、工艺过程和加工实例。     

超长超薄铝合金直壁异形件加工

以某飞行器风道零件为例 ,对超长超薄铝合金直壁异形件的加工进行了工艺分析和探讨。在此基础上 ,对 4种规格 8件风道零件进行了工艺过程设计和实际加工 ,产品完全符合图纸要求。据此对该类零件的加工得出了几点具有实用价值的结论。     

数据采集系统直流增益和线性度的精确评价

介绍了两种新的精确评价数据采集系统的直流增益和线性度的方法与过程,即“按码精确评价法”和“定间距（为量化误差整数倍）精确评价法”。同时讨论了介绍了的优缺点及应用。     

Future of Venus Research and Exploration

Despite the tremendous progress that has been made since the publication of the Venus II book in 1997, many fundamental questions remain concerning Venus’ history, evolution and current geologic and atmospheric processes. The international science community has taken several approaches to prioritizing these questions, either through formal processes like the Planetary Decadal Survey in the United States and the Cosmic Vision in Europe, or informally through science definition teams utilized by Japan, Russia, and India. These questions are left to future investigators to address through a broad range of research approaches that include Earth-based observations, laboratory and modeling studies that are based on existing data, and new space flight missions. Many of the highest priority questions for Venus can be answered with new measurements acquired by orbiting or in situ missions that use current technologies, and several plausible implementation concepts have been studied and proposed for flight. However, observations needed to address some science questions pose substantial technological challenges, for example, long term survival on the surface of Venus and missions that require surface or controlled aerial mobility. Missions enabled by investments in these technologies will open the door to completely new ways of exploring Venus to provide unique insights into Venus’s past and the processes at work today.     

Kinetic Characterization of Plasma Sheet Dynamics

The Wind spacecraft made 26 perigee passes through the near-earth plasma sheet region during 1994 to 1997. Nearly all of these passes obtained plasma data from substorms and bursty bulk flow (BBF) events. New features of ion distributions have been observed in both the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) and the central plasma sheet (CPS) in the vicinity of the current sheet that are relevant for understanding the structure of the PSBL and the mechanisms of particle acceleration to MeV energies associated with the BBF events. Kinetic processes are key to understanding these new observations that are not adequately explained by existing magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models and theories. This article will feature the phase space distribution functions as the primary data product. The main purpose of this article is to establish an observational framework for new improved models and theories. The new observations should challenge modelers and theorists.     

New Autocorrelation and Prediction Techniques for the Demodulation of Binary Signals

The classic problem of detecting a narrowband signal received in a wideband noise is treated via new techniques, namely, autocorrelation computation and linear adaptive filtering. It is shown by analysis and simulation that the proposed techniques yield probility of bit errors cimparable to those provided by coding techniques. Expressions are derived for the detectability parameter of the new test statistics, and it is shown that these statistics are very close to the Gaussian approximation. The improvements obtained in the signal-to-noise ratio and the Gaussian nature of the new statistic implies an improvement in the capacity of the channel by the nonlinear and storage processes involved in the new techniques, something not achievable by linear filtering and/or memoryless detection techniques.     

Past,Present and Future of Active Radio Frequency Experiments in Space

Active ionospheric experiments using high-power, high-frequency transmitters, “heaters”, to study plasma processes in the ionosphere and magnetosphere continue to provide new insights into understanding plasma and geophysical proceses. This review describes the heating facilities, past and present, and discusses scientific results from these facilities and associated space missions. Phenomena that have been observed with these facilities are reviewed along with theoretical explanations that have been proposed or are commonly accepted. Gaps or uncertainties in understanding of heating-initiated phenomena are discussed together with proposed science questions to be addressed in the future. Suggestions for improvements and additions to existing facilities are presented including important satellite missions which are necessary to answer the outstanding questions in this field.     

Paleomagnetic Records of Meteorites and Early Planetesimal Differentiation

The large-scale compositional structures of planets are primarily established during early global differentiation. Advances in analytical geochemistry, the increasing diversity of extraterrestrial samples, and new paleomagnetic data are driving major changes in our understanding of the nature and timing of these early melting processes. In particular, paleomagnetic studies of chondritic and small-body achondritic meteorites have revealed a diversity of magnetic field records. New, more sensitive and highly automated paleomagnetic instrumentation and an improved understanding of meteorite magnetic properties and the effects of shock, weathering, and other secondary processes are permitting primary and secondary magnetization components to be distinguished with increasing confidence. New constraints on the post-accretional histories of meteorite parent bodies now suggest that, contrary to early expectations, few if any meteorites have been definitively shown to retain records of early solar and protoplanetary nebula magnetic fields. However, recent studies of pristine samples coupled with new theoretical insights into the possibility of dynamo generation on small bodies indicate that some meteorites retain records of internally generated fields. These results indicate that some planetesimals formed metallic cores and early dynamos within just a few million years of solar system formation.     

Plasma Motion and Kinematics in Cool and Hot Stars

The environments of both hot and cool stars are the sites of highly dynamic processes involving motion of gas and plasma in winds, flows across shocks, plasma motions in closed magnetic fields, or streams along magnetospheric accretion funnels. X-ray spectroscopy has opened new windows toward the study of these processes. Kinematics are evident in line shifts and line broadening, and also more indirectly through the analysis and interpretation of density-sensitive lines. In hot stellar winds, expanding-wind kinematics are directly seen in broadened lines although the broadening has turned out to often be smaller than anticipated, and some lines are so narrow that coronal models have been revived. Although X-ray spectra of cool stars have shown line shifts and broadening due to the kinematics of the entire corona, e.g., in binary systems, intrinsic mass motions are challenging to observe at the presently available resolution. Much indirect evidence for mass motion in magnetic coronae is nevertheless available. And finally, spectral diagnostics has also led to a new picture of X-ray production in accreting pre-main sequence stars where massive accretion flows collide with the photospheric gas, producing shocks in which gas is heated to high temperatures. We summarize evidence for the above mechanisms based on spectroscopic data from XMM-Newton and Chandra.     

Recent Advances in Understanding Particle Acceleration Processes in Solar Flares

We review basic theoretical concepts in particle acceleration, with particular emphasis on processes likely to occur in regions of magnetic reconnection. Several new developments are discussed, including detailed studies of reconnection in three-dimensional magnetic field configurations (e.g., current sheets, collapsing traps, separatrix regions) and stochastic acceleration in a turbulent environment. Fluid, test-particle, and particle-in-cell approaches are used and results compared. While these studies show considerable promise in accounting for the various observational manifestations of solar flares, they are limited by a number of factors, mostly relating to available computational power. Not the least of these issues is the need to explicitly incorporate the electrodynamic feedback of the accelerated particles themselves on the environment in which they are accelerated. A brief prognosis for future advancement is offered.     

风洞模型位移光学测量技术应用综述

风洞试验中,模型姿态的测量是影响数据精准度的一个重要因素,而测量上的一个微小变化,常常对实际应用价值造成巨大影响。当代测量技术发展的一个新领域是应用光学技术。概述了国外主要的风洞模型位移光学测量系统,包括测量依据、应用风洞、模型要求、数据后处理以及精度情况。这些测量系统应用于静态试验和动态试验中,用于模型位移、姿态角和弯曲变形的测量。从应用现状、应用环节、操作步骤、发展趋势等方面进行了描述,并给出了结论。比较这些模型位移光学测量技术可知它们各有优缺点,应用条件不一样。     

Review on residual stress and its effects on manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural panels with typical multi-processes

In the aerospace industry, integrated aluminium alloy plates and stiffened panels with high accuracy and performance attract significant interest. To manufacture these panels as integrity with high accuracy, multiple processes need to be utilised, such as machining, welding and forming. During the whole manufacturing chain, residual stresses can be generated and redistributed in the components among different processes. The residual stress would significantly affect the shapes and properties of the final products. Currently, these great effects are not well considered in the design and manufacturing processes. This paper aims to draw a general understanding of the residual stress generated in the pre-manufacturing processes and its effects on subsequent manufacturing processes. The mechanisms and distributions of residual stresses generated in typical pre-manufacturing processes of structural panels, including machining, welding and additive manufacturing (AM), are firstly summarised. The detailed effects of generated residual stresses on distortion and application properties in subsequent manufacturing processes are then concluded. In addition, current methods developed for the investigation of residual stress effect in multi-processes manufacturing are critically reviewed, including experimental, analytical, finite element (FE) and machine learning methods. Furthermore, the future development trend of methods for residual stress consideration and control in the design of manufacturing processes is summarised, providing comprehensive guidance to achieve the high accurate manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural components.