光纤通道交换网络WRR实时调度算法分析

 随着综合航电系统的发展,1553B总线已经不能满足发展的需要,光纤通道交换式网络作为新一代高性能网络通信协议被引入到航电系统中,其性能指标与整个航电系统的总体指标有着密切的关系.为了解决系统消息实时发送的问题,研究了光纤通道交换网络实时条件下加权轮询调度算法的通信性能,利用随机Petri网对光纤通道交换网络的调度过程进行了建模,通过对模型的仿真和分析,得到了数据传输量及传输时限变化时系统网络负载、延迟时间、超时消息所占比例等重要性能指标,并分析了调度算法的性能.仿真结果证明光纤通道交换式网络具有高速稳定性,加权轮询调度算法能够满足消息传输的实时性、公平性要求.     

基于CRC校验的航电网络传输通道安全性分析

完整性概率是民用飞机与系统安全性的评价指标之一。循环冗余校验(CRC)是航空电子系统通信网络中广泛应用的完整性设计措施。针对缺乏CRC校验定量安全性分析的现状,基于标准CRC校验的性能,研究了业务数据在航空电子系统通信网络传输过程中出现错误且被CRC漏检的概率。结合案例分析了CRC校验对航电网络传输通道完整性需求的影响。分析结果表明通过在应用层采取CRC校验等设计措施,并确保业务数据在网络传输过程中发生错误且被CRC漏检的概率满足顶层分配的完整性需求,则网络传输通道或链路层可无需考虑针对特定业务数据的完整性需求,进而缓解对网络传输通道的安全性需求。分析思路为航电网络CRC校验设计及安全性分析提供参考。     

航空电子光纤通道高层轻量协议的研究

比较了航空电子环境FC(FC-AE)高层五种协议的特点、适用范围、通用性、技术支持性,说明FC轻量协议(FC-LP)适合航电通信的原因.论述了FC-LP的组成与特点:引入了FC节点访问标识和虚拟通道的概念,将通信模式确定为分布对等模式,增加了通道控制、信息传输流控、节点访问标识管理等协议流程,限定了FCP、FC物理层、FC仲裁环、FC交换接口标准功能的不同实现要求.总之,FC-LP通信协议具有高可靠、高效率、低延时的特点,能满足强时性和高可靠性飞机航空电子系统通信需求.     

航空电子系统MIL-STD-1553通信网络接口验证测试

MIL-STD-1553数据总线为航空电子系统提供了一个系统支撑数据交换网络,它是航空电子系统集成的纽带,其通信完成的质量直接影响航空电子系统设计的成败。本文首先介绍了航空电子系统MIL-STD-1553基于OSI模型的通信终端的基本结构;然后给出了对网络接口执行测试的内容,包括MIL-STD-1553标准协议验证测试、应用网络通信协议验证测试和实时通信验证测试。这三种类型的测试将全面验证MIL-STD-1553通信终端的设计是否满足MIL-STD-1553标准通信协议及航空电子系统通信协议的要求。     

航空电子微距太赫兹互连DRR访问容量分析

为了减轻机载电子系统线缆和连接器的重量,减小其体积并降低维护成本,在航空电子组件的电路板或芯片之间,可以采用太赫兹通信技术实现厘米量级的微距互连。采用开关键控（OOK）调制和非相干解调实现点到点太赫兹互连,给出了数据速率、数据包长度等参数的设计方法,进而构建包含用户节点和簇头节点的半双工多路访问分簇网络架构。在簇内用户节点到簇头节点的介质访问控制协议中采用赤字轮询（DRR）机制,并采用随机网络演算（SNC）方法得到概率保证意义下多路访问的有效服务容量,分析了阻塞干扰对DRR服务曲线的影响。分析和算例表明,DRR访问在保证实时性能界限的条件下兼顾了多路访问的灵活性,满足航空电子微小型化组件之间太赫兹通信和分簇组网的需求。     

航空电子系统综合显示处理技术研究

集中控制和综合显示技术在先进作战飞机航空电子系统中的应用日益广泛,综合显示处理机作为航空电子系统控制和管理的核心,其系统结构、可靠性及综合显示控制将是系统平台设计要解决的首要问题.本文介绍了一种机载综合显示处理机,根据航空电子系统功能需求及显示控制系统结构,进行了系统层次化结构设计,并对综合显示控制系统的系统显示控制、通信控制及模块化设计与实现技术进行了研究分析,最后给出合理的模块化设计与实现方案.航空电子系统综合试验、应用表明,综合显示处理机性能先进、可靠性高,并极大地改善和提高了航空电子系统的整体性能.     

40G以太网在航电系统中的应用初探

随着飞机整体性能的提升，航电系统的发展日新月异，对总线网络提出了越来越高的要求。基于远端内存直接访问技术传输机制的以太网以其高带宽、低延时以及生态开放性的特点，在航电系统总线中逐渐得到推广。本文介绍了航电总线网络的发展，对典型的航电总线进行了对比分析，开展了10G/40GE交换工程样机的研制和测试工作，为下一代航电系统总线网络的选型提供了参考。     

深空通信信道编译码技术研究

初步分析了深空通信的信道特点,参考国外深空通信系统信道编译码方案。结合我国的现状,提出了我国未来深空通信系统应采用的编译码方案,并分析了实现的难点及关键技术。同时,根据信道特点和数据传输速率的要求给出了深空通信的调制方式。     

机载网络时间触发通信调度设计优化与评价方法

机载网络是航空电子系统实现信息传输与功能综合的关键组成,引入时间触发（TT）机制并安排合理通信调度可以有效保证机载网络实时可靠通信,但需要首先面对多种调度设计方法的选择问题。在总结了时间触发通信过程与特征的基础上,以时间触发以太网为分析对象,给出了基于可满足性模理论（SMT）、混合整数规划（MIP）和启发式算法等不同约束引导下的调度模型,并形成了基于强化学习（RL）的调度方法;从调度设计的求解能力与性能保障角度出发,建立了包括求解时间、可求解规模、传输延迟和调度模式的评价指标。以工业规模网络为研究案例对不同调度方法进行了验证分析,在评价指标的引导下对比分析了各种方法的适用场景,其中SMT方法可支持小规模案例,MIP方法具有明显的TT消息传输和调度求解运算优势,以遗传算法为典型的启发式方法和RL方法可实现大规模案例调度,虽然其TT延迟略高于MIP方法,但速率约束消息延迟优化程度分别达到7.97%和12.35%。在此基础上,进一步探讨了未来航电系统机载网络时间触发通信调度设计优化技术的发展趋势。     

高速TCM传输技术及其应用

首先讨论了传统数字传输体制的特点，找出传统调制与编码的分离独立设计是制约数字通信系统性能进一步提高的本质根源；并由此论述了编码与调制相结合的高速数字传输体制，重点讨论了网格编码调制(TCM)技术的基本特点、集合分割映射原理、性能估算，并对TCM在AWGN信道中的性能进行了仿真。     

机载FDDI高速数据通信系统

 为了满足航空电子通信技术发展的需求,提出了基于 FDDI标准的机载高速光纤通信网络体系结构,论述了该通信系统的总体设计思想和硬软件实现方案,最后简述了机载 FDDI高速数据通信系统的测试与应用情况。     

Systems for the indication and display of secondary information in avionics and autobasing complexes

We consider the peculiarities of application for the cabin indicating systems of secondary information display, formulate and systematize the compositional and technical requirements for display systems and their elements. The tendencies and lines in the development of head-up displays for avionics and autobasing complexes were determined. The technique of calculating optics of such display systems with the use of electronic distortion compensation is presented.     

FLILO (FLying Infrared for Low-level Operations) an enhanced visionsystem

The advanced avionics and flight controls group of advanced airlift and tanker systems is dedicated to integrating, prototyping, demonstrating, evaluating and testing advanced state-of-the-art technologies Vv that are candidates for future aircraft use (for new and in-service aircraft), or that are solutions to old or new/upcoming requirements and needs. The group's mission is to transition the applicable technologies into Boeing platforms. One of the research areas investigated is that of Enhanced Vision Systems (EVS)     

机载总线网络及其发展

从当今机载电子系统对信息传递的需求出发,纵观航空电子综合化系统的发展阶段,说明为了适应新一代航空电子系统的大容量、深层次的信号与信息综合的要求,机载互连手段从较低速率的总线向宽带网络发展成为必然的趋势。介绍了光纤通道(FiberChannel,FC)、可扩展性一致性接口(ScalableCoherentInterface,SCI)以及波分复用光网络等宽带互连方案,给出它们的研究动向,说明它们作为先进综合式航空电子系统统一网络(UniversalAvionicsNetwork,UAN)的候选所具有的特点。     

Open systems avionics network to replace MIL-STD-1553

This paper is a proposal for a future method of avionics data communication. The need for this proposal results from the shortcomings in the current avionics architecture, video distribution network, and in the MIL-STD-1553 data communication system. The separately wired video and data communication systems can be combined to save weight, which is especially critical for rotorcraft. Aircraft, once fielded, have limited capacity for modification and improvement due to fixed computer throughput and processing performance, network bandwidth, and space available in the avionics equipment bays. The changes proposed by this paper are to be made in conjunction with the replacement of the redundant computer boxes with open system avionics functions on industry standard circuit cards. This open architecture approach was developed over the last ten years and is now being implemented in many aircraft applications including the F-22 and the RAH-66 programs. The V-22 rotorcraft, which although just entering production, is being modified for joint service customers where modern computer performance and expanded data network bandwidth is needed. The changes of this proposal will fill this need, reduce the weight of upcoming production models, and provide growth or spare capability so that additional video and data components can be added with minimal effect on existing components. This paper examines the current V-22 avionics video and data communication hardware and wiring and propose a new implementation of open system architecture standards with integrated digital video and data communication based on ANSI standard copper fibre channel     

Aeronautical use of semiconductor lasers for short optical pulses

In this paper, we investigate the feasible schemes to generate periodic optical pulses of width between several picoseconds (ps) and tens ps. Gain-switched semiconductor laser diodes are shown to be more suitable for avionics applications than mode-locked laser diodes. In the experiment, we use a low-cost Fabry-Perot laser diode to generate short optical pulse streams. A simple optical injection-locking scheme is then used to reduce the timing jitter and frequency chirp in such laser diodes, which in turn can improve the transmission performance of the generated optical pulses. It is expected that the use of gain-switched semiconductor lasers can meet the requirement of high-speed airborne communication networks or ground supporting systems at airports. Moreover, we discuss the possibility of using the pulsed semiconductor lasers to generate millimetre-wave (mm-wave) signals for future applications to airborne high-resolution, mm-wave radars.     

Design issues for MIL-STD-1773 optical fiber avionics data buses

In this paper, several design issues on highly reliable MIL-STD-1773 (or 1553B) optical fiber avionics data buses are investigated. Two optical modulation techniques are proposed for avionics data buses, and they can be used to efficiently solve the problems associated with the fast identification of correct operation states for optical transmitters while maintaining less complexity of transceivers. The implementation of the proposed techniques is discussed. We also deal with the selection of optical devices and fibers to improve the reliability and power budget of optical fiber avionics data buses. Furthermore, some future improvements on avionics data bus systems are pointed out     

未来航空电子信息技术发展需求分析

从多平台OODA的任务运行出发,分析了未来航空电子信息技术主要面向多平台信息的高效组织与管理,其发展趋势是充分利用人工智能技术,将战场数据转换为信息,将信息演进为知识,从而形成具有反馈机制的环路来引导多平台航空电子体系更快的获取信息。本文分别从多域多维信息的高效获取,多异构平台分布式信息处理,高效智能的信息组织,清晰准确的信息提炼四个方面阐述了未来航空电子各类信息技术的发展需求,以适应多平台航空电子信息的网络化以及海量信息的使用多样化。     

How to See the Forest for the Trees (The Requirements Definition Process)

This paper addresses the avionics requirements definition process, at the conceptual level, in light of changing threats, technology, and business environments. The objective is to provide a perspective of total integrated system performance which illuminates broad requirements issues rather than specific subsystem specifications. The fundamental premise is that avionics requirements are driven by four factors; Information and Data Sources, Control Opportunities and Information Needs, Concepts and Algorithmic Techniques, and Realization Technologies. These four factors are set in a systems structure which shows their inter-relationships and provides the framework for conceptualizing avionics system solutions to meet particular mission needs. Three generic mission areas are considered and an examination is made of the issues of fielding and affording the solution with specific emphasis on architecture, fusion, production, and support.     

Data link communication equipment approved by USAF for civil air traffic control

Operations within civil airspace will transition from traditional ground-based air traffic control (ATC) to air traffic management (ATM), a concept that requires aircrews and ground managers to share responsibility of aircraft separation assurance. Increased levels of information exchange will be necessary for this concept to work safely; therefore, air-ground communications will transition from voice to data link communications. The nature of data link communications procurement requires that avionics suppliers not only verify their products meet contractual performance requirements, but also demonstrate that their products are compatible with civil communication networks and ATC. In addition, the USAF needs to demonstrate that their crew-training program is adequate to maintain the required level of aircrew proficiency and equipment can be maintained for the required level of system performance, integrity, and interoperability with the civil environment. This paper outlines some of the certification issues facing the USAF with respect to the "Approval for Use" of data link equipment to be used for communication with ATC. It will also suggest a methodology for the avionics supplier and USAF to obtain the approvals required to ensure the installation of data link communications equipment on military aircraft will remain interoperable with civil ATC.