低空目标双雷达联合定位方法研究

针对海上靶场雷达对低空、远距离小目标的测量数据中存在大量的地海杂波干扰,陆海结合试验环境复杂,大气参数难以精确测量,电波折射修正困难,多径影响较大,以及自身的开环跟踪模式等因素,导致雷达俯仰角测量误差较大的问题,在充分利用靶场雷达测量网布站特点的基础上,提出了一种利用2台雷达共有段落的方位角和斜距信息,构建双雷达联合定位模型,完成目标弹道解算的方法。实测数据与仿真数据综合测试表明,通过使用该方法可有效解决雷达俯仰角测量信息超差对整体测量结果的影响,同时提高了靶场雷测数据处理的精度和可靠性。     

基于降维STAP 的自适应单脉冲测角算法

将空域广义单脉冲测角算法扩展至空时二维,提出基于降维STAP的自适应单脉冲测角算法,通过实时自适应修正鉴角曲线来降低角误差,实现杂波环境下的目标角误差估计,并且计算复杂度较低,从而保证机载平台在强杂波环境下对目标的稳定跟踪.仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性与性能优势.     

基于位置信息的高分辨雷达角闪烁抑制方法

角闪烁误差是导引头寻的制导的主要误差来源,基于高分辨力雷达的单脉冲测角算法可有效改善角闪烁现象。现有的研究大多基于幅度加权的思想,利用距离单元的幅度信息进行加权平滑处理。本文在现有高分辨测角算法的基础上,结合高分辨一维距离像的位置信息,提出了一种新的角度信息处理方法。该算法充分利用了距离像有效单元的目标信息,提高了角度测量精度。仿真实验表明该算法对角闪烁有较好的抑制作用。     

比相单脉冲雷达测角与角闪烁研究

比相单脉冲雷达采用和差通道接收信号比相的方法测角。一般认为,雷达事实上并不是在测量目标的方向,而是在测量目标的角闪烁方向。从特殊的两点目标出发,分析了单点目标和复杂目标下比相单脉冲雷达和差通道方式测角的原理与内在异同,探讨了比相单脉冲雷达测角与角闪烁的关系,提出有关雷达测角的新的观点。     

一种改进的雷达低空目标仰角估计算法

由于地(海)面反射的多径镜像信号的存在,使雷达低空目标的仰角估计成了难题。而三子孔径算法是针对该难题而提出的一种有效算法。此算法基于极大似然算法将等距线阵均分为三个子孔径,从而简化了估计函数,也使计算量大大减少。本文在三子孔径算法的基础上,利用目标信号与镜像信号在入射角度上的正弦约束条件,给出了一种改进算法。计算机仿真结果显示改进算法在性能上要优于三子孔径算法。     

基于滤波器结构的压缩感知雷达感知矩阵优化

 压缩感知雷达的目标场景恢复性能要求不同目标的反射回波在压缩空间上的互相关性尽可能小。基于该思想,提出了压缩感知雷达感知矩阵优化模型,根据系统参数和任务信息,以降低感知矩阵互相关性为目标,自适应地构造发射波形和测量矩阵,提升系统性能。分别给出了基于滤波器结构的压缩感知雷达发射波形优化、测量矩阵优化以及波形-测量矩阵联合优化算法。仿真结果表明:本文提出的压缩感知雷达感知矩阵优化模型和算法能够有效地提高场景恢复精度。     

利用幅值信息的超视距雷达多路径概率数据互联算法

天波超视距雷达是通过电离层反射实现超视距广域监视的,其地理坐标系下的量测方程存在强非线性,同时由于电离层的不同分层,造成了多路径传播的严重问题,即同时存在多个量测模型。多路径概率数据互联(MPDA)滤波器将坐标配准与概率数据互联相结合,解决了超视距目标跟踪中的多路径传播问题,但在杂波环境下滤波跟踪精度不高。文中提出了一种基于信号幅值特征信息的MPDA算法(A-MPDA),当跟踪单一的、存在4种可能非线性量测的非机动目标时,仿真结果表明所提出的算法比标准MPDA有更好的跟踪精度。     

机载火控雷达距离拖引目标的交互式多模型跟踪方法

针对机载火控雷达中可能出现的距离门拖引欺骗,给出了一种基于交互式多模型的目标跟踪方法。把该方法和常规的单目标跟踪方法进行了仿真比较。结果表明,该方法能充分利用欺骗回波测量,对释放距离拖引欺骗干扰的目标维持较稳定地跟踪,并能获得较高的目标跟踪精度。     

多飞航导弹目标协同跟踪技术研究

针对多飞航导弹对目标协同跟踪精度较低的问题,提出了一种基于弹载雷达组网和GPS/INS组合导航的无偏不敏自适应融合跟踪算法。首先,通过领弹和攻击弹的优化布站,以有效提高多飞航导弹对目标的定位跟踪精度和突防能力;在时空协同的基础上,利用无偏不敏转换对各飞航导弹的目标量测进行预处理,以减小因旋转、平移和线性化误差所带来的影响;最后,结合统计双门限判决机制,利用自适应融合跟踪算法来有效实现多飞航导弹目标协同跟踪精度的提高。仿真结果表明,与现有的弹载雷达跟踪算法相比,该算法具有较高的定位跟踪精度。     

微动目标跟踪成像一体化的雷达资源优化调度算法

相控阵雷达可以同时担负搜索、跟踪、识别与成像等多种雷达任务。为了提高雷达对战场环境的感知能力并减轻雷达资源分配的冲突,提出一种微动目标跟踪成像一体化的雷达资源优化调度算法。该算法建立了包含微动目标成像任务的雷达优化调度模型并利用启发式算法求解,利用跟踪脉冲与调度剩余的空闲时间资源,动态地构造感知矩阵并采用正交匹配追踪（OMP）算法对微动目标进行特征提取并成像。仿真结果表明：该算法可以实现稀疏孔径条件下的微动目标成像,并具有良好的鲁棒性,同时进一步提高了雷达系统的资源利用率。     

High Range-Resolution Monopulse Tracking Radar

High range-resolution monopulse (HRRM) tracking radar which maintains wide instantaneous bandwidth through both range and angle error sensing channels provides range, azimuth, elevation, and amplitude for each resolved part of the target. The three-dimensional target detail can be used to improve and extend radar performance in several ways: for improved precision of target location, for target classification and recognition, to counter repeater-type ECM, to improve low-angle multipath tracking, to resolve multiple targets, as a miss-distance measurement capability, and for improved tracking in chaff and clutter. These have been demonstrated qualitatively except for the ECCM to repeater ECM and low-altitude tracking improvement. Initial results from an experimental HRRM radar with 3-ns pulse length show resolution of aircraft into its major parts and precise location of each resolved part accurately in range and angle. Realtime closed-loop tracking is performed on aircraft in flight using high-speed sampled, digitized, and processed HRRM range and angle video data. Clutter rejection capability is also demonstrated.     

Multipath Angle Error Reduction Using Multiple-Target Methods

The usual methods of reducing multipath angle errors in monopulse tracking radar achieve only limited success because they do not attack the root of the problem. A more correct approach is to accept the multipath signal as a second target and utilize a two-target signal processor which angle tracks both wavefronts. The processor will decouple the return signals so that relatively interference-free data on both waves are obtained. In this paper a signal processor for separating signal from (N - 1) multipath components is developed. The processor is then specialized to the case of only one multipath signal and evaluated by a computer simulation. Data show that large improvements are possible as compared to the usual monopulse tracking system. In particular, the usual large bias errors at low elevation angles are eliminated. Tracking precision compares favorably with the theoretically best possible for two-target tracking systems.     

Multipath Fluctuation Effects in Track-While-Scan Radar

A theoretical model of diffuse multipath reflections from rough surfaces is applied to the prediction of multipath power distribu tions in radar coordinates: elevation angle, time delay, and Dop pler frequency. These distributions are used to predict radar tracking errors in elevation angle, for both monopulse and scan ning antenna systems, and typical results are presented. These show a small increase in tracking error for scanning systems, on radially approaching targets, caused by sensitivity of these trackers to amplitude scintillation of the composite direct-plus multipath signal. Effects of knife-edge diffraction and of vegetation ion are briefly considered.     

Multipath Limitations on Low-Angle Radar Tracking

This paper investigates the problem of tracking targets at a low elevation angle in the presence of specular and diffuse multipath. Quantitative estimates are derived of the elevation angles, and hence, range, at which targets of specified height can be accurately tracked. A parametric approach is followed in which the long-standing uncertainty of how terrain forward-scatters at low grazing angles is recognized at the outset. Particular attention is given to the effects of target motion which permit rejection of multipath components falling outside the radar tracker's passband. The results are presented in a form which can be readily applied to a spectrum of radar trackers with differing requirements. The limited experimental ental data on the specular and diffuse scattering parameters for several generic types of terrain are applied to estimate the significance of multipath under different situations and to indicate specific areas in which additional experimental data are critically needed.     

A multipath data association tracker for over-the-horizon radar

A new algorithm, multipath probabilistic data association (MPDA), for initiation and tracking in over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) is described. MPDA is capable of exploiting multipath target signatures arising from discrete propagation modes that are resolvable by the radar. Nonlinear measurement models exhibiting multipath target signatures in azimuth, slant range, and Doppler are used. Tracking is performed in ground coordinates and therefore depends on the provision of estimates of virtual ionospheric heights to achieve coordinate registration. Although the propagation mode characteristics are assumed to be known, their correspondence with the detections is not required to be known. A target existence model is included for automatic track maintenance. Numerical simulations for four resolvable propagation modes are presented that demonstrate the ability of the technique to initiate and maintain track at probabilities of detection of 0.4 per mode in clutter densities for which conventional probabilistic data association (PDA) has a high probability of track loss, and suffers from track bias. A nearest neighbor version of MPDA is also presented     

MIMO雷达射频隐身性能优化的目标跟踪算法

随着现代战场中电子对抗的日益激烈,雷达的生存环境受到了严重的威胁。射频（RF）隐身技术是一种提高雷达及其运载平台战场生存能力的重要途径。为提高雷达射频隐身性能,针对具有MIMO探测模式的新体制雷达提出了隐身性能优化的目标跟踪算法。该算法基于射频隐身性能优化模型,通过自适应控制系统的子阵划分个数、平均发射功率、波束驻留时间以及采样周期,在满足系统跟踪性能要求的前提下优化系统射频隐身性能,其中的射频隐身性能综合考虑了截获因子及采样周期。仿真结果表明,与传统相控阵雷达相比,本文所提出的目标跟踪算法使MIMO雷达具有更好的射频隐身性能。     

Senrad: an advanced wideband air-surveillance radar

The generic characteristics and performance of an experimental long-range air-surveillance radar, known at the Naval Research Laboratory as Senrad, is described. Its distinguishing feature is that it can operate with simultaneous transmissions over a very wide bandwidth-from 850 to 1400 MHz. The technology and type of experimental radar equipment employed are discussed and examples are given of its performance capabilities obtained by means of very wideband operation. The unusually wide bandwidth of this radar allows 1) improved detection and tracking performance because of the absence of the nulls that are common in the antenna elevation radiation-pattern of a single-frequency radar; 2) moving target indication (MTI) without loss of targets due to blind speeds and without the need for multiple PRFs (pulse repetition frequencies); 3) accurate height finding with a fan-beam radar by taking advantage of the multipath time difference as a function of target height; 4) a form of limited target recognition based on high range-resolution; and 5) a reduction of the effectiveness of electronic countermeasures that can seriously degrade more narrowband radars     

Modeling and Estimation for Tracking Maneuvering Targets

A new approach to the three-dimensional airborne maneuvering target tracking problem is presented. The method, which combines the correlated acceleration target model of Singer [3] with the adaptive semi-Markov maneuver model of Gholson and Moose [8], leads to a practical real-time tracking algorithm that can be easily implemented on a modern fire-control computer. Preliminary testing with actual radar measurements indicates both improved tracking accuracy and increased filter stability in response to rapid target accelerations in elevation, bearing, and range.     

Ultrawideband microwave-radar conceptual design

This paper outlines the special considerations that characterize the design of an UWB radar for the detection of low-altitude missiles over the sea. It discusses the factors which enter into the choice of frequency, and the selection of the transmitter, antenna, and receiver. Reviewed are signal processing issues concerning detection of UWB signals in noise and clutter, nondoppler MTI based on the pulse-to-pulse change in range due to target motion, measurement of target height based on multipath time delay, and target recognition. As the investigation progressed, the authors became disappointed with the available UWB technology, but encouraged about the potential advantages of UWB for this application. The chief limitation of UWB radar that must be overcome before applications are viable is its poor electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)