CCSDS遥测遥控空间数据系统通信协议及其应用

文章首先回顾了空间数据系统咨询委员会(CCSDS)当前的遥测、遥控和高级在轨系统(AOS)建议的结构，然后讨论了CCSDS重新构造的空间数据系统建议的结构，分析了重构建议的主要特点以及和先前建议体系的不同之处，详细介绍了空间包协议和空间数据链路协议。最后，举出重构建议与其它协议在端-端的空间数据系统中运用的两例。     

一种用于近地轨道航天器的天地网络一体化方案

当前空间通信的发展趋势是空间通信网与地面通信网融合,建立天地一体化的信息传输系统。针对航天器内部网段设计和CCSDS空间链路承载网际协议业务(IP over CCSDS)的协议转换技术开展研究,提出一种适用于近地轨道航天器的天地网络一体化方案,并通过研制航天器网关实现了网际协议(IP协议)与空间数据系统咨询委员会高级在轨系统(CCSDS AOS)空间数据链路协议的相互转换,并对服务质量(Qo S)保证方法进行了设计,试验结果表明,文章提出的方案可用于构建天地一体化互联网络。     

天地一体化互联网络中航天器网关的设计及实现

当前空间通信的发展趋势是空间通信网与地面通信网融合,建立天地一体化互联网络的信息传输系统。针对空间数据系统咨询委员会(CCSDS)推荐的基于CCSDS空间链路承载网际协议业务(IP over CCSDS)网关协议转换技术,文章提出一种实现天地一体化互联网络的航天器网关的设计思路,即通过研制航天器网关实现IP协议与CCSDS高级在轨系统(AOS)空间数据链路协议的相互转换,并对服务质量(QoS)保证方法进行了设计。针对航天器网络搭建了测试系统平台,并对高清图像、高质量话音、计算机数据和遥测数据等网络数据的传输进行了测试,测试中通过航天器网关进行传输的所有网络数据包均无丢帧现象发生,文章提出的IP over CCSDS网关可用于构建天地一体化互联网络。     

CCSDS邻近空间链路协议的初步探究

介绍了空间数据系统咨询委员会(CCSDS)制定的邻近空间链路协议的产生背景及发展现状.     

CCSDS邻近空间链路协议的初步探究

介绍了空间数据系统咨询委员会(CCSDS)制定的邻近空间链路协议的产生背景及发展现状。     

CCSDS组织标准化工作综述

分析并研究空间数据系统咨询委员会(CCSDS)的组织结构及其运作情况,介绍CCSDS的文件体系及其形成轨迹,对文件的管理流程进行了综述。     

AOS(高级在轨系统)协议跟踪研

以CCSDS 732.0-B-3为基础介绍AOS协议数据单元、提供的业务、实现过程和管理参数等内容,描述AOS协议在选用SDLS(空间数据链路安全)协议时的AOS传输帧结构、业务、协议实现过程中与SDLS协议的接口实现及特点以及新增管理参数。     

CCSDS标准在军用航天任务中的应用

空间数据系统咨询委员会(CCSDS)标准已经在民用航天任务中得到广泛应用,然而对其是否也同时适用于军用航天任务,仍存在着许多的疑虑和争论。文章通过对军用航天任务采用CCSDS标准现状的调研,分析了其实现途径和可行性,提出了在军用航天任务中采用CCSDS标准的措施和建议。     

CCSDS高级在轨系统及在我国航天器中的应用

CCSDS(空间数据系统咨询委员会)1989年发布了"高级在轨系统,网络与数据链路:结构说明"建议书,高级在轨系统(AOS)为空间数据系统信息交换与处理提供了极大的方便,同时向下兼容常规空间数据业务。中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心自1993年开始进行AOS的应用研究,先后在载人飞船有效载荷数管系统、实践五号卫星、863遥科学通用平台以及计划于2003年发射的探测一号、探测二号卫星上采用了CCSDS AOS数据标准。本文将简要介绍CCSDS、AOS标准以及在实践五号卫星、神舟飞船、遥科学通用平台和探测一号、探测二号卫星工应用AOS的情况与经验。     

深空通信中提示否定确认型CFDP协议延时估算

为确定空间数据咨询委员会（CCSDS）建议高级在轨系统中CCSDS文件传输协议（CFDP）在深空通信环境中的适应性,研究了CFDP中提示否定确认型文件传输协议（Prompt NAK CFDP）的传输机理。给出了此传输方式的文件传输时延估算方法。分析了误码率、传输速率、协议数据单元的大小与数量,以及提示信息数等对传输时延的影响,获得了深空通信对误码率的要求。研究表明：CFDP可用于深空通信,为其进一步应用和改进提供了参考。     

The Interplanetary Internet: a communications infrastructure for Mars exploration

A strategy is being developed whereby the current set of internationally standardized space data communications protocols can be incrementally evolved so that a first version of an operational "Interplanetary Internet" is feasible by the end of the decade. This paper describes its architectural concepts, discusses the current set of standard space data communications capabilities that exist to support Mars exploration and reviews proposed new developments. We also speculate that these current capabilities can grow to support future scenarios where human intelligence is widely distributed across the Solar System and day-to-day communications dialog between planets is routine.     

EVA: European plans

The current status of European EVA (extravehicular activity) plans is reviewed. The major difference to already existing EVA scenarios in U.S.A. and Soviet Union consists in the adoption of a higher suit pressure, namely 500 hPa. The results of a study concerned with the physiological consequences of this adoption are presented, including recommendations for protective procedures and their necessary experimental validation. A certain discrepancy between laboratory experimental decompression data and EVA operational results is discussed, leading to the identification of several items which may influence space decompression. Microgravity and the influence of the space suit itself are most likely factors in the explanation of this discrepancy, and both experimental procedures and technological developments are proposed to clarify their role for the future design of EVA procedures.     

Assessment of the efficacy of medical countermeasures in space flight

Changes in body fluids, electrolytes, and muscle mass are manifestations of adaptation to space flight and readaptation to the 1-g environment. The purposes of this paper are to review the current knowledge of biomedical responses to short- and long-duration space missions and to assess the efficacy of countermeasures to 1-g conditioning. Exercise protocols, fluid hydration, dietary and potential pharmacologic measures are evaluated, and directions for future research activities are recommended.     

实测爆炸分离冲击数据的分析和处理

由于爆炸分离冲击环境的频带宽(可到100 kHz)、加速度大(可到300 000gn),常常导致测量数据失真。对实测的爆炸分离冲击数据应分析、确认、修正后才能使用。分析了放大器的压摆率对信号频率的限制,讨论了某实测爆炸分离冲击信号零漂产生的原因,应用小波分析的方法对失真的冲击波形进行了分解和重构,提取了真实的爆炸分离冲击信号。     

President Obama’s National Space Policy: A change in tone and a focus on space sustainability

The major features of President Obama’s new US space policy are discussed and particular aspects are compared with those of the previous Bush policy. In many cases there are similarities of substance but the tone of the latest policy is more outward looking and inclusive, with a far greater emphasis on cooperation, both internationally and with the private sector. And while some complain that the policy does not sufficiently emphasize US leadership, a statement by President Obama on the day of its release makes clear that this remains a paramount goal. Serious questions remain, however, about implementation of the new policy, particularly where it requires substantial government funding such as human spaceflight and the restructured weather/environmental satellite programs.     

Enhancing Europe's capabilities in space research and technology: Towards a European Space Board

With the proposed implementation of a European space policy and the prospect of several major undertakings in the space domain the European Union should decide to set up a high-level independent body and confer on it the authority and means to provide expert advice on space-related subjects to its institutions, policy makers and agencies, as well as to the space research community. Although the political and legislative situation in the USA is different from that in Europe, such a body has existed there since 1959 and has proven most useful. The current situation in Europe is analysed and the arguments for setting up such a structure are presented. It is suggested that the foundations for this new advisory structure can be found in the existing European Space Science Committee, the European Science Foundation's expert committee on space research. A structure and remit is proposed for such a body and elements of its mode and means of operations are discussed.     

Transparency and confidence-building measures for space security

Transparency and confidence-building measures (TCBMs) are a set of tools designed to display, predict and discipline states’ behaviour with respect to maintaining the security of space. With intentional and unintentional threats to the peaceful use of space on the rise, there is a growing international consensus on the need for greater transparency in space-related activities as well as confidence-building measures to reduce the prospects of disruption to the ever-expanding role of space in our day-to-day lives. Terrestrial TCBMs can serve as a guide to understanding what political arrangements are possible in space, including certain precedents in the areas of arms control, non-proliferation and disarmament. At the same time, current and emerging challenges in space - including orbital space debris, risk of collisions, growing saturation of the radiofrequency spectrum, the crowding of satellites in geostationary (GEO) orbit and threat of purposeful disruption - need to be evaluated in the context of unilateral, bilateral, multilateral and private initiatives to increase space situational awareness and security. This paper describes and evaluates various prospective TCBMs alongside current proposals to advance safety and security in space, including the EU Draft Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities. It offers specific recommendations, arguing that Europe is uniquely qualified to negotiate a 21st century TCBM architecture thanks to its history of diplomacy and ability to identify common ground among disparate parties. This will only happen, however, with a more defined institutional design and the EU’s emergence as a global civilian leader.     

Building and maintaining the constituency for long-term space exploration

The exploration of space is a long-term endeavor that will require strong public support to weather societal and political changes over the period of its implementation. In August 2006, George Mason University's Center for Aerospace Policy Research organized a workshop to address this issue. The sustainability of space exploration was investigated from a variety of perspectives by invited experts from the space sector as well as from the market research and public relations fields. This paper summarizes the results of the workshop. It presents market research data along with recommendations for an active strategic communications effort as well as public engagement to enhance public support for space exploration, especially among the younger age groups which tend to be uninterested in space activities.     

Debating the future of US space policy

A briefing on the subject of US space policy was held in Washington in July 2009 by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Based around some of its recent publications, while emphasizing the US situation and direction, the briefing did not ignore the context of international space activity. In particular it considered China's spacefaring development and suggested ways of engaging more fruitfully with that country. This report presents a summary of the issues raised and recommendations made.     

Radiation protection guidelines for space activities

At the beginning of the space age the dangers of hurtling into space were considerable. Despite this fact, radiation risks were examined in the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.A. and recommendations were made to limit the exposure of the crews to radiation. To date the radiation exposures of crews on missions in low-Earth orbits have been low. Now that missions in low-Earth orbit are becoming longer in duration and new missions into deep space are being considered, radiation protection guidelines become more important. Recently the estimates of the risks of radiation-induced cancer have been increased and new guidelines on radiation exposure limits for crew members must be developed. For deep space missions the guidelines take into account the risks posed by heavy ions. Unfortunately, knowledge about these risks is insufficient. If the new risk estimates are applied, current career dose limits may have to be reduced by a factor of two.