熵理论在组合导航系统信息结构中的应用研究

组合导航就是采用多个导航传感器,通过信息融合技术,对测量结果进行重新整合。本文以亚音速飞行器为背景,通过对组合导航系统熵的结构进行研究,分析了组合导航系统的信息结构。结果表明,组合导航系统的最优控制规律等效于导航系统的最大熵原理。     

Exobiological exploration of Mars.

Of all the other planets in the solar system, Mars remains the most promising for further elucidating concepts about chemical evolution and the origin of life. Strategies were developed to pursue three exobiological objectives for Mars exploration: determining the abundance and distribution of the biogenic elements and organic compounds, detecting evidence of an ancient biota on Mars, and determining whether indigenous organisms exist anywhere on the planet. The three strategies are quite similar and, in fact, share the same sequence of phases. In the first phase, each requires global reconnaissance and remote sensing by orbiters to select sites of interest for detailed in situ analyses. In the second phase, lander missions are conducted to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the selected sites. The third phase involves conducting "critical" experiments at sites whose properties make them particularly attractive for exobiology. These critical experiments would include, for example, identification of organics, detection of fossils, and detection of extant life. The fourth phase is the detailed analysis of samples returned from these sites in Earth-based laboratories to confirm and extend previous discoveries. Finally, in the fifth phase, human exploration is needed to establish the geological settings for the earlier findings or to discover and explore sites that are not accessible to robotic spacecraft.     

货台空投系统出舱过程研究

研究了空投系统的出舱阶段中货台与地板接触模型,采用动力学分析方法建立了统一的出舱运动模型.根据试验设计条件开展系统仿真计算,结果与试验数据基本一致.探讨了货台离机过程对离机后俯仰姿态的影响.使用离机时间评价出舱过程对货台空投精确度的影响,得到了无量纲离机时间的简化算法以方便工程应用;引入了安全距离参数来评价出舱过程安全性,分析了牵引比、质心位置系数和空投时飞机姿态与离机时间和安全距离的关系,为空投系统中货台布局和牵引伞设计等提供了参考依据.     

老化时间对涂层性能的影响

利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了含有锌铬黄防锈颜料的环氧酯漆涂层的耐蚀性能。研究发现,当老化时间为4周时,涂层的耐蚀性能最佳,时间过长或过短都使得涂层性能下降。并且EIS技术可以用来研究涂层的老化。     

基于残余应力分布的框类零件装夹方案优选的有限元模拟

 非均匀分布的残余应力是引起工件变形的主要原因。为了揭示装夹方案对残余应力的影响,利用有限元技术模拟了工件加工过程中不同的装夹方案,并分析了模拟结果。结果表明,装夹位置对残余应力分布具有重要影响,而装夹顺序对残余应力的分布和幅值无较大影响。通过进一步对比分析各种装夹方案中残余应力引起的工件变形得出结论:夹具分布较平均的装夹方案可获得比较均布的残余应力和较小的变形。     

飞机整体结构件加工变形的有限元模拟与试验研究

在模拟淬火、拉伸过程获得含有初始残余应力的预拉伸板材以及模拟单齿切削过程获得切削载荷的基础上,提出并采用接力算法,对一航空整体结构件的材料铣削过程进行有限元仿真,同时进行了试验研究.结果表明,有限元模拟的整体结构件的变形与试验具有一致性,从而证明提出的整体结构件加工仿真关键技术的可行性,避免了为研究加工变形而进行的繁琐的试错法.     

残余应力对加工变形影响的分析与模拟

为了研究材料去除过程中残余应力的重新分布及该过程所引起的工件变形,假设在该过程中没有引入另外的应力,采用理论计算和有限元模拟的方法对含有已知单向应力情况的矩形板进行了求解,计算了在剥层过程中的曲率、挠度和残余应力,并分析了剩余部分的残余应力变化趋势。结果表明理论解与有限元解获得了极好的吻合。采用有限元法进一步研究了材料去除过程中,单向和双向残余应力对加工变形的影响以及最终残余应力分布规律的异同。     

WIND/3DP and Nancay radioheliographobservations of solar energetic electron events

Initial results of a combined study of electron events using the 3DP experiment on the WIND spacecraftand the Nançay Radioheliograph (NRH) are presented. A total of 57 electron events whose solar release time could be inferred from WIND/3DP observations occurred during NRH observing times. In 40 of them a distinct signature was detected in maps at decimetric and metric wavelengths (dm-m-λ) taken by the NRH. These events are equally distributed among two categories: (1) Electron release together with dm-m-λ bursts of a few minutes duration: these events are also accompanied by decametric-hectometric type III bursts seen by WAVES/WIND. They correspond to the well-known impulsive electron events. (2) Electron release during long duration (several tens of minutes) dm-m-λ emission: the electrons are most often released more than ten minutes after the start of the radio event. In the majority of cases the dm-m-λ radio source changes position, size, and/or intensity near the time of electron release.     

UV photobiochemistry under space conditions

The response of spores of Bacillus subtilis, cells of Deinococcus radiodurans and conidia of Aspergillus ochraceus to actual and simulated space conditions (UV in combination with long-term exposure to extremely dry conditions, including vacuum) has been studied: The following effects have been analyzed: decrease of viability, occurrence of DNA double strand breaks, formation of DNA-protein cross-links and DNA-DNA cross-links. All organisms show an increased sensitivity to UV light in extreme dryness (dry argon or vacuum) compared to an irradiation in aqueous suspension. The UV irradiation leads in all cases to a variety of DNA lesions. Very conspicuous is the occurrence of double strand breaks. Most of these double strand breaks are produced by incomplete repair of other lesions, especially base damages. The increase in DNA lesions can be correlated to the loss in viability. The specific response of the chromosomal DNA to UV irradiation in extreme dryness, however, varies from species to species and depends on the state of dehydration. The formation of DNA double strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links prevails in the case of B. subtilis spores. In cells of Deinococcus radiodurans DNA-DNA cross-links often predominate, in conidia of Aspergillus ochraceus double strand breaks. The results obtained by direct exposure to space conditions (EURECA mission and D2 mission) largely agree with the laboratory data.