空间绳系机器人逼近目标协调控制方法

 为了节省空间绳系机器人的末端执行装置在逼近目标卫星过程中推力器所使用的燃料,本文提出一种利用推力器、反作用轮及空间系绳的协调控制方法。首先利用二次型最优控制器(LQR)算法计算出末端执行装置逼近目标所需的理想轨道控制力,然后利用模拟退火算法将所需轨道控制力优化分配到推力器及空间系绳,同时利用时间延迟算法通过反作用轮补偿空间系绳产生的姿态干扰力矩。仿真结果表明,利用该协调控制方法能显著节省末端执行装置上推力器的燃料消耗,有效抑制空间系绳协调控制力产生的姿态干扰,使末端执行装置保持相对稳定的姿态。     

Numerical modeling of spacecraft electric propulsion thrusters

There is a clear current trend towards the replacement of small chemical thrusters used for spacecraft control by electric propulsion thrusters. These thrusters use a variety of mechanisms to convert electrical power into thrust and, in general, provide superior specific impulse in comparison to chemical systems. Electric propulsion has been under development for the last 40 yr, and almost all thrusters are designed based on experience and experimentation. The present article considers the progress made in numerical simulation of electric propulsion thrusters. Due to the wide range of such devices, attention is restricted to electric propulsion thruster types that are presently in use by orbiting spacecraft. The physical regimes created in these thrusters indicate that a variety of numerical methods is required for accurate numerical simulation ranging from continuum formulations to kinetic approaches. Successes of numerical simulation models are demonstrated through specific examples. It is concluded that numerical simulations can be expected to play a more prominent role in the design and evolution of future electric propulsion thrusters.     

基于控制变量参数化的主动反拦截突防最优控制计算方法

针对由于敌防空系统防御能力不断提高所带来的进攻导弹突防难题,提出主动反拦截突防(IAIP)的概念,以弥补传统机动突防仅考虑进攻导弹的逃逸而忽略其攻击任务的缺陷。根据IAIP制导的内涵,在综合考虑目标的机动性能、拦截导弹末段的拦截特性及进攻导弹的控制系统性能的基础上,建立进攻导弹-目标-拦截导弹的三体运动模型。将突防制导指令的设计等效为最优控制的求解,其中突防指令为实现燃料最省目标的最优解,进攻导弹的过载、拦截导弹的脱靶量、进攻导弹的攻击角、打击精度和突防后的视线角,分别为控制约束、路径约束和末端约束。借鉴控制变量参数化(CVP)方法将最优控制问题转化为非线性数学规划问题,并将路径约束离散化后采用序列二次规划(SQP)算法得到突防时机给定条件下制导指令的数值解。提出基于CVP的混合遗传算法(CVP-GA),用于求解最优突防时机及制导指令。仿真结果显示,采用IAIP最优控制算法的进攻导弹在成功突防后的打击精度仍可满足任务要求,且其燃料消耗相对于传统串联式突防方法降低了23.7%,验证了该方法的有效性及优越性。     

基于Gauss伪谱法的UCAV对地攻击武器投放轨迹规划

研究无人作战飞机(UCAV)在对地攻击阶段的武器投放轨迹规划问题.针对传统方法在处理复杂的飞行器运动学、动力学约束上存在的困难,提出了一种基于Gauss伪谱法(GPM)的求解策略.首先,为了最大程度地逼近实际飞行环境,对UCAV的气动力特性、发动机推力特性、油耗特性及大气环境特性进行了高精度拟合,并充分考虑了飞行器各种...     

非合作目标交会的双层MPC全局轨迹规划控制

针对空间非合作目标近距离视线交会中的全局最优鲁棒轨迹规划与控制问题,提出了基于高斯伪谱方法（GPM）和线性时变模型预测控制（LTVMPC）的双层模型预测控制（MPC）算法。在轨迹规划方面,以视线坐标系下的相对轨道动力学为模型、能量最少和控制精度最优为性能指标构建最优控制问题,利用GPM精度高、收敛速度快的特点将最优控制问题转化为易于求解的全局非线性规划问题,在MPC框架下求解得到全局最优的标称轨迹,克服了传统的MPC不适用于全局大范围非线性规划的缺点;在轨迹跟踪控制方面,考虑预测时域内状态转移矩阵的时变特性,设计了LTVMPC算法对标称轨迹进行追踪,避免了存在不确定性时轨迹的重规划,从而降低在线计算量,保证算法在线自主实施,并且采用滚动优化的策略使算法对不确定性具有鲁棒性。由于规划层和控制层考虑的约束相同,因此规划的轨迹是可控、可达的。数字仿真表明,在燃料消耗和交会时间等方面,提出的方法均显著优于传统的MPC方法,相较于传统的MPC方法,新算法的交会时间减少50%左右,燃料消耗降低30%以上。     

High-precision shape approximation low-thrust trajectory optimization method satisfying bi-objective index

The shape approximation method has been proven to be rapid and practicable in resolving low-thrust trajectory; however, it still faces the challenges of large deviation from the optimal solution and inability to satisfy the specific flight time and fuel mass constraints. In this paper, a modified shape approximation low-thrust model is presented, and a novel constrained optimization algorithm is developed to solve this problem. The proposed method aims at settling the bi-objective optimization o...     

填充函数法在发动机加力最小油耗模式控制中的应用

主要研究了航空发动机性能寻优控制(PSC)算法问题。提出一种用于解决非线性约束优化问题的基于填充函数方法(FFM)的实时优化控制策略。通过构造填充函数,该算法可以在优化计算过程中能够不断跳出局部最优点,使得算法本身具备了全局寻优能力。详细介绍了其算法主要内容与实现途径,基于上述的填充函数优化算法,以某型涡扇发动机加力最小油耗优化控制模式为仿真算例,验证了该算法在解决航空发动机性能寻优控制问题时,相比传统的序列线性规划方法在全局寻优方面具有更好的效果。     

Robust control for constant thrust rendezvous under thrust failure

A robust constant thrust rendezvous approach under thrust failure is proposed based on the relative motion dynamic model. Firstly, the design problem is cast into a convex optimization problem by introducing a Lyapunov function subject to linear matrix inequalities. Secondly, the robust controllers satisfying the requirements can be designed by solving this optimization problem.Then, a new algorithm of constant thrust fitting is proposed through the impulse compensation and the fuel consumption under the theoretical continuous thrust and the actual constant thrust is calculated and compared by using the method proposed in this paper. Finally, the proposed method having the advantage of saving fuel is proved and the actual constant thrust switch control laws are obtained through the isochronous interpolation method, meanwhile, an illustrative example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control design method.     

直升机/发动机系统变旋翼转速串行优化方案

提出了一种用于直升机/涡轴发动机综合控制的变旋翼转速串行优化方案.首先基于Levenberg-Marquarat(L-M)算法/一维最优搜索算法,在保证直升机飞行状态不变的情况下,寻优得到旋翼所需最小功率,再通过优化发动机操纵量,在保证发动机约束成立的条件下得到当前发动机运行最优工作点,即达到直升机巡航时油耗最小或者涡轮前温度最低.最后,在UH-60直升机/涡轴发动机综合控制仿真平台上进行了最小油耗控制模式的仿真,数字仿真结果表明了该串行优化方案的可行性.      

基于序列二次规划算法的发动机性能寻优控制

提出用非线性序列二次规划(SQP,Sequen tial Q uadratic P rogramm ing)算法解决发动机性能寻优控制问题。分析了线性规划(LP,L inear P rogramm ing)算法用于发动机性能寻优的固有缺陷以及SQP算法的优点。给出了SQP算法与LP算法用于最大推力模式和最小油耗模式仿真结果对比曲线。数字仿真实验的结果表明,SQP算法具有比LP算法更好的优化效果,在工程实际中有很大的应用潜力。     

无人机活塞式发动机进排气系统优化

针对一款无人机(UAV)用活塞发动机在飞行转速为6500r/min时扭矩较低以及燃油消耗率较高的问题,提出了一种基于自适应遗传算法（GA）的发动机进排气系统优化方法,进行进排气系统改进设计。使用GT-Power软件搭建了该发动机一维仿真模型,并通过台架试验数据验证模型;基于该模型进行了进排气系统结构参数对扭矩和燃油消耗率的敏感性分析,将进气管长度、直径、空滤器后腔容积和排气管长度作为优化变量,使用Matlab进行自适应遗传算法优化,使用Simulink/GT-Power接口实现数据采集和优化结果反馈。通过台架试验验证了优化结果的准确性。结果表明:在飞行转速为6500r/min时,经过优化后的发动机扭矩和燃油消耗率都得到明显改善,扭矩最大可以提高5.51%,燃油消耗率最大降低6.31%。      

考虑承载面最大位移约束的结构拓扑优化方法

在实际工程问题中，存在着一类承受分布力载荷作用的工程结构。为了实现此类结构的刚度设计要求，提出限制承载面变形的拓扑优化设计新模型。模型采用KS包络函数对承载面节点位移进行凝聚化处理，并推导了相应的伴随方程和敏度表达式。遵循独立连续映射法建模方式，采用一阶和二阶泰勒展开分别得到约束函数和目标函数的显式表达式。由此将优化问题转换为一系列标准二次规划子问题，采用序列二次规划算法进行高效、稳健求解。通过二维、三维数值算例验证了提出模型的可行性和有效性。结果表明，所提出的列式和相应的优化求解算法能有效控制结构局部区域的最大变形量。     

Optimal guidance against active defense ballistic missiles via differential game strategies

The optimal guidance problem for an interceptor against a ballistic missile with active defense is investigated in this paper. A class of optimal guidance schemes are proposed based on linear quadratic differential game method and numerical solution of Riccati differential equation. By choosing proper parameters, the proposed guidance schemes are able to drive the interceptor to the target and away from the defender simultaneously. Additionally, fuel cost, control saturation, chattering phenomenon and parameters selection were taken into account. Satisfaction of the proposed guidance schemes of the saddle point condition is proven theoretically. Finally, nonlinear numerical examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the developed guidance approaches. Comparison of control performance between different guidance schemes are presented and analysis.     

航空发动机性能寻优控制混合优化算法

根据性能寻优控制(Perform ance Seek ing Con trol)优化模式的特点,针对某型涡扇发动机,研究了把发动机性能优化问题描述为线性规划问题。同时针对线性规划方法可能会收敛于局部极小值和非线性方法计算量大的问题,提出了基于LP(L inear P rogramm ing)和MAPS(M odel-A ssisted Pattern Search)混合优化方法,并研究了LP和MAPS混合优化方法在航空发动机性能寻优控制中的应用,同时在最大推力控制模式和最小油耗控制模式下进行了仿真。大量仿真结果表明,采用混合优化方法可进一步提高发动机的性能,并且大大减少了计算量。      

Integrated guidance and control for damping augmented system via convex optimization

In this paper, an integrated guidance and control approach is presented to improve the performance of the missile interception. The approach includes damping augmented system with attitude rate feedback to decrease the oscillation during the homing phase for missiles with low damping. In addition, physical constraints, which can affect the performance of the missile interception, such as acceleration limit, seeker’s look angle, and look angle rate constraints are considered.The integrated guidan...     

Soft landing stability analysis of a Mars lander under uncertain terrain

Safe soft landing of the lander is vital to the Mars surface exploration mission. Analysis and verification of the landing stability under uncertain terrain play an important role in lander design. However, the effect of uncertain terrain is ignored in most existing studies, making the analysis incomprehensive and increasing the risk of landing failure in practice. In this paper, a Mars lander with 10 attitude control thrusters is introduced and its dynamics model is then established considering plastic deformation parts and nonlinear contact forces. The effectiveness and accuracy of the dynamics modeling method are verified by experiments with an average relative error of 10%. In order to carry out the dynamics simulation with high-fidelity terrain, a terrain generation method based on statistical data is proposed. Through Monte Carlo simulation under a 50 m × 50 m randomly generated landing terrain, the stability of the lander and the effects of attitude control thrusters are analyzed. The results show that the failure rate is 5.5%, in which the primary failure forms are overturning and abnormal attitude. When the landing simulations are repeated without thrusters, the stable ratio decreases from 94.5% to 90.7%, suggesting the positive effects of attitude control thrusters in improving landing stability under rough terrain.     

燃油计量型孔几何正反设计方法研究

针对燃油计量活门特殊型孔的几何型面问题,提出了1种分段分析的设计方法。在已知燃油流量和计量活门位移函数关系的条件下,根据随动活塞和燃油流量的函数关系,利用分段型面设计法进行正向设计,在已知计量活门几何型面的条件下,确定开度与随动活塞位移之间的函数关系,进行反向设计用于计算仿真。结果表明,在计量活门工作范围内,正向设计计算结果与实际数据的最大相对误差小于0.5%,证明正向设计方法具有很高的准确性;通过1组实例对正反向设计进行了相互验证,证明反向设计方法具有工程实用性。     

信赖域滤子算法在航空发动机在线优化中的应用

主要研究了航空发动机在线优化问题.以非线性发动机部件级模型为优化对象,将信赖域滤子算法应用于航空发动机在线优化,相比基本信赖域算法,该算法由于采用非单调的滤子算法和松弛重置,兼顾了算法在目标函数值下降与可行性保持两方面的品质,通过松弛重置避免子问题的不可行性,滤子算法则保证了算法收敛到全局最小解.最后,基于信赖域滤子算法,以涡扇发动机最小油耗寻优控制为仿真算例,验证了该算法的优越性.      

航空发动机整机性能仿真中的功率平衡方法

提出了一种在CFD三维整机仿真中实现功率平衡的计算方法。推导确定了决定平衡关系的关键变量:涡轮前温度与物理转速。提出了基于稳态流场和功率经验关系实现功率平衡的数值迭代方法。本文将该迭代方法与CFD三维求解耦合,发展了一种可用于三维整机CFD耦合仿真的功率平衡计算方法。采用该功率平衡计算方法对MTJ-80涡喷发动机开展了三维整机CFD数值计算,实现了整机性能三维仿真与控制规律的耦合和预测。在控制燃油量不变的条件下,通过转速迭代可以实现压气机和涡轮的功率差小于0.1%,可以预测固定燃油供给量条件下所能达到的稳态运转转速。在控制转速不变的条件下,通过调节燃油量实现压气机和涡轮的功率差小于0.15%,可以预测固定转速条件下的燃油流量。数据验证结果表明:该功率平很给计算方法可以与CFD三维整机计算耦合,并且具有很强的收敛性,解决了以往整机三维性能仿真过程中的功率不平衡问题。      

一种精确鲁棒的刚体航天器特征轴旋转控制策略(英文)

特征轴旋转表征了两个方位之间的最短角路径,通常被看做是一种拟最小时间的快速姿态机动策略。本文在动力学方程中考虑了外部扰动和系统参数不确定性,基于时变滑模控制技术(TVSMC)研究了刚体航天器特征轴旋转的鲁棒控制问题。首先,通过一个TVSMC算法揭示了所提出鲁棒特征轴旋转策略的主要特点,并且证明了全局滑模的特点和闭环系统的稳定性,给出了特征轴旋转的必要条件。然后,为了抑制全局抖振,提高控制精度,提出了一种基于扰动观测器的时变滑模控制(DOTVSMC)算法。其中,采用边界层方法来削弱抖振并设计了扰动观测器来补偿不期望的影响。在航天器的姿态表征参数选择上,采用了没有冗余性的修正罗德里格斯参数(MRP)。最后,采用数值仿真来验证提出方法的有效性,并采用调宽调频(PWPF)技术来调制开关推力器。