高负荷涡轮端区非定常流动相互作用研究

采用三维黏性非定常数值模拟方法研究了某型高压涡轮端区非定常流动相互作用,着重研究了上游静子尾迹与转子二次流的非定常作用机制,同时还分析了负荷分布、激波等对端区非定常流动的影响。结果表明,静子尾迹的非定常作用一定程度减小了转子轮毂二次流的径向涡量;尾迹对流向涡量的影响取决于尾迹沿叶高的分布,当吸力面一侧的尾迹具有与二次流方向相反的流向涡量时,二次流的流向涡量减小;非定常效应还使得转子叶片根部负荷略为减小,也一定程度上抑制了转子轮毂二次流的发展。此外,受静子尾缘激波的影响,转子叶片表面负荷分布发生明显的周期性变化,导致叶片表面承受较强的非定常力,在涡轮设计中必须考虑。另外,通过计算涡轮级中的熵增和熵产,定量地分析了端区非定常相互作用产生的损失,并得到了一些有意义的结论。     

轮毂处理对单级压气机性能的影响

在单级轴流压气机的静子内径处进行轮毂处理,以模拟转子尖部的机匣处理。用小型五孔探针详细测量了最佳工作状态和近失速边界状态下转子与静子叶片排下游气流的三元流场,特别是其端部流场。结果发现,对于转子叶尖失速型的级,静子轮毂处理不仅可以提高级的稳定裕度,而且也提高了转子的稳定裕度。      

轮毂处理扩稳的机理探讨

在单级轴流压气机上,用周向槽式处理机匣在静子内径处进行轮毂处理,与转子尖部机匣处理作类比。用小型5孔探针测试技术详细测量了在最佳工作状态和近失速边界状态下静子叶片排下游气流的三元流场,特别是其端部流场,发现对于转子叶尖失速型的级,在其静子轮毂处理也可以提高级的稳定裕度。并提出其扩稳机理与失速转移的关系,提出了周向诱导速度影响二次流的物理模型,进一步剖析了周向槽机匣处理的扩稳机理。     

Application of immersed boundary method in turbomachines

Simulating unsteady turbulent flow in turbomachines is still challenging due to the complexity of blade geometry and relative motion between rotor and stator. This study presents an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) for high-Reynolds turbomachinery internal flows, and shows the advantage of the automatic grid generation techniques and flexible moving boundary treatments. The wall functions are used in the present method to alleviate the wall resolution restriction of turbulence simulation. The Two-Dimensional (2-D) IBM solver, which was previously developed and tested for a low-speed compressor, is further validated for a well-documented Low-Pressure Turbine (LPT) cascade. Both the blade loading and the total pressure losses in the wake are well captured by the present 2-D solver. The complex Three-Dimensional (3-D) effects in turbomachines motivate the further development of an extended 3-D IBM solver by using a curvilinear-coordinate system that facilitates the hub and casing boundary treatment. The good performance of the 3-D solver is demonstrated through comparison with CFX solver solutions for the rotor configuration of Advanced Noise Control Fan (ANCF). Further effects of the grid resolution on capturing the blade wake are discussed. The results indicate that the present 3-D solver is capable of reproducing the evolution of the blade wake with suitable computational grid.     

基于人工神经网络的静子叶片优化设计

采用NURBS参数化构型技术以及人工神经网络技术,对某两级风扇的第二级静子根部叶型进行优化改型。优化后,非设计点处该静子根部至中部流动得到较大改善,总压恢复系数有一定的提高。风扇总压比有较大增加,绝热效率基本不变。优化结果表明,该方法能够对静子叶片进行较好的优化改善,能够提高优化效率,减少优化时间,具有一定的实用价值。     

某型压气机轴流级改型静叶设计

通过对某原型轴流级静叶的分析, 并对轴流压气机设计中采用的端部处理技术进行分析的基础上, 提出了静叶改型设计以及端部处理方案, 并进行了通流计算和造型。对改型设计中的双排静叶参数进行了优化、采用端部处理技术以及任意叶片造型, 提高了轴流级效率。      

轴向间距对压气机通道堵塞及总性能的影响

为了研究转静子叶片排之间的轴向间距对压气机内部流动堵塞及气动性能的影响,选取某单级轴流压气机为研究对象,采用多通道非定常数值计算方法对其5种不同轴向间距下的内部流场进行了全三维数值模拟。结果表明:在每一种轴向间距下,当压气机节流至某一工况之后,压气机通道内的流动堵塞区主要集中在转子叶顶间隙区域和动叶吸力面尾缘附近以及静叶吸力面轮毂角区内;在同一流量下,随着轴向间距的减小,转子叶根吸力面尾缘处的流动堵塞区有所扩大,但转子叶顶间隙区域及静叶吸力面轮毂角区内的流动堵塞区体积却不断减小,压气机通道内回流区的总体积也随之减小,其结果是压气机的静压升能力和流动稳定性增强且效率增大。通过进一步研究发现:在同一流量下,当轴向间距减小时,转子叶顶间隙区域内的主流轴向动量增大且泄漏流的轴向动量减小,其结果是转子叶顶间隙区域内流动堵塞区的体积减小。     

跨声速弯掠动叶压气机非定常流场的数值研究(英文)

The unsteady 3D flow fields in a single-stage transonic compressor under designed conditions are simulated numerically to investigate the effects of the curved rotors on the stage performance and the aerodynamic interaction between the blade rows. The results show that, compared to the compressor with unurved rotors, the compressor under scrutiny acquires remarkable increases in efficiency with significantly reduced amplitudes of the time-dependent fluctuation. The amplitude of the pressure fluctuation around the stator leading edge decreases at both endwalls, but increases at the mid-span in the curved rotors. The pressure fluctuation near the stator leading edge, therefore, becomes more uniform in the radial direction of this compressor. Except for the leading edge area, the pressure fluctuatinn amplitude declines remarkably in the tip region of stator surface downstream of the curved rotor, but hardly changes in the middle and at the hub.     

利用数值模拟探讨新型轮毂处理的扩稳机理

采用三维定常 N-S方程, 对带有轴向斜槽和圆弧斜槽轮毂处理结构的压气机叶栅通道内湍流流场进行了数值模拟, 计算中首次采用网格分区的方法, 解决了因处理槽结构复杂而带来的网格系统难以建立的问题。通过对两种不同形式的处理槽内复杂的流动以及与叶栅通道端部气流相互作用的流场的分析, 进一步揭示了传统的轴向斜槽处理轮毂和新型的圆弧斜槽处理轮毂的扩稳机理的联系与差别。      

InvesInvestigation of the Effects of Airfoil-probes on the Aerodynamic Performance of an Axial Compressor

In order to investigate the effects of the airfoil-probes on the aerodynamic performance of an axial compressor,a numerical simulation of 3D flow field is performed in a 1.5-stage axial compressor with airfoil-probes installed at the stator leading-edge(LE).The airfoil-probes have a negative influence on the compressor aerodynamic performance at all operating points.A streamwise vortex is induced by the airfoil-probe along both sides of the blade.At the mid-operating point,the vortex is notable along the pressure side and is relatively small along the suction side(SS).At the near-stall point,the vortex is slightly suppressed in the pressure surface(PS),but becomes remarkable in the suction side.A small local-separation is induced by the interactions between the vortex and the end-wall boundary layer in the corner region near the hub.That the positive pitch angle of the airfoil-probe at 6.5% span is about 15° plays an important role in the vortex evolution near the hub,which causes the fact that the airfoil-probe near the hub has the largest effects among the four airfoil-probes.In order to get a further understanding of the vortex evolution in the stator in the numerical simulation,a flow visualization experiment in a water tunnel is performed.The flow visualization results give a deep insight into the evolution of the vortex induced by the airfoil-probe.     

叶根间隙泄漏流对跨声压气机转子性能的影响

为研究压气机转子上游叶根轴向间隙泄漏流对转子性能的影响程度以及泄漏流与转子流场之间的相互作用机制,对带有叶根泄漏流的跨声压气机转子流场进行了数值模拟。计算时分别采用了两种模化途径,即耦合求解转子上游叶根间隙内空腔与转子通道内的流场,以及求解将叶根间隙模化为进口边界的转子流场。结果表明:叶根泄漏流可使叶根附近流动堵塞增大,造成转子气动性能的恶化。另外,叶根泄漏流的周向速度分量越大,泄漏流对转子流场的不利影响也越大。     

Characterization of component interactions in two-stage axial turbine

This study concerns the characterization of both the steady and unsteady flows and the analysis of stator/rotor interactions of a two-stage axial turbine. The predicted aerodynamic performances show noticeable differences when simulating the turbine stages simultaneously or separately. By considering the multi-blade per row and the scaling technique, the Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) produced better results concerning the effect of pitchwise positions between vanes and blades. The recorded pressure fluctuations exhibit a high unsteadiness characterized by a space–time periodicity described by a double Fourier decomposition. The Fast Fourier Transform FFT analysis of the static pressure fluctuations recorded at different interfaces reveals the existence of principal harmonics and their multiples, and each lobed structure of pressure wave corresponds to the number of vane/blade count. The potential effect is seen to propagate both upstream and downstream of each blade row and becomes accentuated at low mass flow rates. Between vanes and blades, the potential effect is seen to dominate the quasi totality of blade span, while downstream the blades this effect seems to dominate from hub to mid span. Near the shroud the prevailing effect is rather linked to the blade tip flow structure.     

单级轴流压气机叶端区二次流动的研究

为揭示某单级压气机非设计转速下影响效率和稳定性的关键因素,采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法,系统地研究了该压气机动、静叶通道内的二次流动随工况（即叶片负荷）的变化规律.对于转子,大流量工况叶端区的二次流主要以泄漏流/泄漏涡和轮毂角区分离为主,而到了峰值效率和近失速工况,整个叶高基元的过度扩压导致的叶片失速抑制了轮毂角区失速的发生.静叶叶尖端区的二次流动虽然具有三维性,但到了近失速工况它依然没有发展成为角区失速.静叶叶根的泄漏流动虽然对端壁附面层的低能流体向轮毂吸力面角区的汇聚起到了一定的抑制作用,但它对角区失速的控制效果却受到压气机不同流量工况的影响.近失速工况叶根泄漏流动抑制角区失速的能力不足是导致压气机效率下降的主要因素,而转子叶尖的二次流动造成的对整个叶尖通道的阻塞是限制压气机稳定性的关键因素.      

轮毂修型对压气机静子角区堵塞的影响

针对压气机静子角区分离产生堵塞的现象,开展了静子轮毂修型的研究.通过对实例静子不同方案的数值模拟,验证了轮毂修型可以有效的抑制角区分离,从而降低轮毂区域的堵塞.其中,对实例静子根部分离点处进行的轴向轮毂修型,可以使静子叶栅出口的堵塞量降低20.4%,静子10%叶高处总压恢复系数从原来的0.89提高到0.948.      

转子叶片表面非定常气动力的构成及叠加分析

数值模拟了一个带有导叶的单级低速压气机中转子叶片表面的非定常气动力.通过研究转子叶片根部、尖部前缘和尾缘局部位置的非定常气动力,阐明了由尾迹和势扰动两种非定常性诱发的气动力在转子叶片表面的叠加特性.结果表明,上游尾迹的影响波及整个转子叶片弦长范围,而下游静子叶片势扰动仅影响转子叶片尾缘附近的脉动压力,改变上、下游叶片的时序位置,当整个转子叶片表面脉动压力的幅值比最大值减小19.4%时,其叶尖前缘脉动压力的幅值仅比最大值减小9.4%.      

某高负荷前掠双级风扇设计与掠形机理研究

介绍了某高负荷双级前掠风扇的设计方法和设计结果.为改善风扇性能, 采用了转子叶尖和静子叶根适度前掠的设计方法.在此设计基础上对前掠和后掠两个单级的三维数值解进行对比研究, 认为前掠、后掠所得风扇效率的差别很小, 转子通道在三维相对运动中不存在旋向相反的流动形态;前掠明显提高失速裕度的主要原因是转子通道激波曲面按其自身结构的需要而展向发展, 它的展向构形和流向平衡位置不完全随叶片前缘形状改变, 因此前掠增大了激波与前缘的相对距离.      

小型轴流压气机静叶排出口尾迹流动特性

基于小型轴流压气机实验台,运用热线风速仪(HWA),对不同转速、流量工况下,静叶排出口尾迹流动特性进行实验研究。对同一工况下尾迹区时均速度及湍流度分布规律的研究表明：受前排动叶的影响,静叶排不同叶展截面处尾迹大小、尾迹中心位置存在着明显差异;沿展向叶根、叶尖附近湍流度明显高于主流区。同时,还对不同工况下静叶排尾迹区各统计参数的变化规律进行了研究,较为系统地总结出轴流压气机工况变化对静叶排出口尾迹大小、尾迹中心位置、尾迹区湍流强度以及雷诺应力大小的影响。     

高负荷低展弦比氦涡轮端壁损失机理研究

以某多级氦涡轮第一级为研究对象,借助数值模拟技术对低展弦比涡轮动静叶端壁通道涡迁移及干涉机制进行研究,并考察了叶片弯曲对涡轮气动性能的影响。结果表明：受下端壁道涡影响,导叶出口近叶根处气流过偏转,导致转子前缘近轮毂区正攻角变大;叶片根部负荷增加,致使马蹄涡压力面分支与吸力面分支交点前移;下端壁通道涡径向迁移至近叶顶区,其与叶尖泄漏涡相互影响致使叶顶区粘性损失显著增加。弯叶片对低展弦比大折转涡轮叶片的作用效果与传统涡轮具有明显差别：叶片正弯时叶顶载荷减小,导致叶顶间隙泄漏涡与通道涡强度及损失显著减小,涡轮性能得到改善;叶片反弯时叶顶载荷增加,致使叶尖泄漏损失增大,且强径向压力梯度作用下下端壁低能流体向叶顶汇聚,损失显著增加。     

非定常条件下叶片弯曲对流场参数的影响

分别对具有弯、直导叶的一级涡轮叶栅流场进行了非定常的数值模拟。研究了叶片弯曲对多级叶栅流场非定常气动性能尤其是效率的影响 ;分析了叶片弯曲对尾迹扩散效应及对其三维形状的影响 ;以及尾迹形状与扩散过程的变化对动叶进口条件的改变 ;同时还研究了叶片弯曲对涡轮级内非定质量堆积的影响。通过对定常效率与非定常效率波动及其平均值的对比 ,分析了在考虑非定常条件下弯曲导叶对降低本列叶栅损失与动叶内损失的贡献     

压气机静子非轴对称端壁优化设计及实验

为了探索多级压气机环境下非轴对称端壁优化设计方法,通过数值仿真优化和实验测试方法对某中间级静子的机匣端壁和轮毂端壁进行了非轴对称端壁造型研究,提出了在优化时将目标函数选择为近端壁的局部叶高总压损失系数。结果表明:相较于传统的全叶高总压损失系数作为目标函数的优化方法,该优化方法可以在较少的优化步数（400步）内使得静子总压损失系数下降更多,这表明该方法可以有效降低优化耗时,为多级压气机中进行非轴对称端壁优化设计的工程应用奠定基础。