飞机电子测试车实施原位检测的分析

近几年来,航空工程机务工作转移到以可靠性为中心的维修思想上,似科学维修代替传统的经验维修,使机务维护工作出现了新局面。用电子测试车实施机载电子设备原位检测是维护手段改革的重要成果,现将使用情况作一介绍。 一、使用飞机电子测试车的可靠 长期以来,飞机电子设备定检工作采用离位的方法,即依飞行时间将电子设备从飞     

热管散热模组在机载电子设备热设计中的应用

针对机载电子设备的高热流密度和关键器件的高功耗,采用相变传热的微热管散热技术,在保持原受限空间和模块安装方式的前提下,研制出不同结构形式的热管散热模组。其结果证明,在满足机载使用要求和工作条件下,热管散热模组能有效解决高功耗器件的散热问题,实现电子模块的控温和均温,突破了机载电子设备结构热设计的瓶颈。本文结合实例从微热管结构对传热性能的影响研究、热管散热模组研制、数值模拟等方面介绍热管散热模组在机载电子设备热设计中的应用,为微热管散热技术在机载电子产品领域的工程应用提供了重要的参考价值。     

Electronic technologies that enables aerospace

This section highlights early electronics milestones that have made significant contributions to aerospace and defense. Today everyone thinks digital, whereas more than 50% of electronic advances since society founding 50 years ago were in the analog or continuous domain. It is too easy to forget that before the 1970s and 1980s analog systems had been the norm. Digital electronics emerged late in WWII, when the US Army contracted with the University of Pennsylvania to compute extensive artillery firing tables. The Cold War substantially accelerated advances in solid state electronics which led to the microelectronics that are so ubiquitous today. Defense and then aerospace programs were symbiotic with electronics in the development and mass production of transistors, integrated circuits, microelectronics, microprocessors, magnetic and then solid state memory. Small, reliable, low power and high performance electronics were the key to aerospace progress. The government backed virtually all these developments out of necessity. The power of computers has increased by over a million since 1972 and is still climbing. The initial enabling technology for advances in military electronics was the almost forgotten vacuum tube. The existence of electrons was first recognized as the “Edison Effect” in 1883. The seminal event in electronics was the audion invented by Lee De Forrest in 1906. The audion appeared just three years after the first Wright brother's flight and four years before the Army purchased their first Wright airplane. Up until the World War I (WWI) radio amateurs were the electronics pioneers, but the war created new demand for radio communications. Electronics expanded from communications into radar, navigation and control systems in World War II (WWII). Both wars brought about dramatic improvements in electronics, which resulted in a surplus of equipment and trained personnel to fuel postwar advances     

Aerospace High Voltage Development

High voltage has been used for electrical power system generation, transmission, and distribution for over 75 years and manufacturers have been designing x-rays, radios/television transmitters and receivers for many years with excellent success. High voltage usage in aerospace equipment initiated during World War II with the advent of high power communications and radar for airplanes. About 20 years ago the first high voltage components were built for spacecraft systems. This article is to provide some insight into the status of high voltage for aerospace equipment and the differences between terrestial and aerospace system functions and the attendant problems. What are the basic differences between terrestial/commercial and aerospace equipment? The aerospace environment is defined as that significantly above the Earth's surface: From 5000 feet altitude to deep space. The basic differences are the constraints placed on the user vehicle (airplane, missile, or spacecraft). Constraints include: Atmospheric pressure, temperature, lifting capability, electronic requirements, and volume. Early airplanes needed only radios and mechanical pressurization instruments. Today's sophisticted airplanes require transmitters, receivers, controls, displays, and in the military case, special electronics. The addition of electronic devices has increased the electrical power demand from a few watts (for early aircraft) to well over one megawatt for special applications. There is the need for compact packaging to reduce weight and volume. Spacecraft with booster limitations are ever more restrictive of weight and volume then airplanes while they must maintain complete electrical system integrity for mission durations of several months to years.     

In-flight entertainment-getting from wishlist to reality

Much of what we see in the consumer electronics stores will eventually find its way into airplanes in the form of In-Flight Entertainment (IFE). This consumer electronic equipment is often referred to as “the leading edge of technology”. Unfortunately, that same equipment that is the “leading edge” of consumer electronics, often stalls to feel like the “bleeding edge” when you try to integrate it into IFE systems for today's modern aircraft. Unlike Avionics Systems, the technologies behind IFE equipment are not usually mature before they are integrated into the aircraft. What may work well in a home environment, may not work well at all in the aircraft environment. Often this problem results in last minute redesign in an effort to make the equipment function as intended on the aircraft. Both the FAA and the aircraft manufacturer impose many requirements on the suppliers and products of IFE. Systems need to be designed for the aircraft environment. Many variations on IFE Systems have forced the creation of new standards for integration into commercial aircraft. Power, cooling, and EMC issues are becoming more of a concern as we move to fill aircraft implementations. Beyond the technical evaluations and lab/aircraft testing, one key component is customer satisfaction. This paper will cover some of the methods and tools we use to get IFE from wishlist to reality     

Firewire: standard computer industry interconnect for test & measurement

Do you know what Firewire is? If not, you soon will, IEEE 1394, or Firewire, is an up-and-coming electronics industry standard that will soon be in wide use for interconnecting a massive variety of electronic equipment. It will be used for connecting CD-ROMs and scanners to computers, and it will be used for connecting VCRs, DVDs and satellite dishes to digital televisions. How does this affect Test & Measurement? This paper discusses Firewire, along with it's lower-end companion, USE, and how they can and will be utilized in T&M applications to replace T&M specific technologies, such as IEEE 488, and MXI. The advantages-and disadvantages-of these new technologies are discussed along with what the Test & Measurement industry should do to support these new technologies.     

From Autopilot to Strapdown: Electrotechnology in Inertial Guidance and Control

Electrotechnology has been a significant factor in the evolution of guidance and control (G & C) over the last half century. Ship stabilizers that used rotating wheels for brute force control were electrically driven. However, the first pilotless aircraft, developed in World War I, was controlled primarily with pneumatic servos. Inertial guidance and electronic control systems surfaced at Peenemunde around World War II. Advances in fire control servos led to development of the floated gyro and ushered in precision inertial navigators. Digital electronics replaced analog designs, so that the level of G & C sophistication increased dramatically. As digital computers became smaller and more powerful their use proliferated. The manned space program in the 60's saw substantial improvements in electronics reliability and performance. The successful first launch of the Space Shuttle, with all its complexity, is a tribute to electronics progress. It is difficult to predict what G & C advances electrotechnology will bring in the next 50 years.     

Power Electronics in Space: A Review and Projection

Power electronics has emerged as a distinct field of electrical engineering in recent years. This emergence is closely linked with the development of power control and conversion equipment for space application over the last 20 years. Development of switched-mode power conversion techniques has been the dominant activity in this field, spurred by both the improvements in solid-state power devices and the needs of space systems for light weight, highly efficient techniques for dc power regulation. This history is reviewed and projections are made in the four key areas of circuit fundamentals, components, circuit practice, and applications.     

基于FDG和GA的故障诊断技术在电子对抗装备中的应用

探讨了模糊有向图（Fuzzy Directed Graph,FDG）和遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm,GA）相结合的故障诊断技术及其在电子对抗装备故障诊断中的具体应用。根据电子对抗装备组件的实际状态,应用模糊理论得出各组件发生故障的可能性,建立电子对抗装备的模糊有向图,利用遗传算法搜索出模糊有向图中可能的故障传播路径。实践表明,该技术应用在电子对抗装备的故障诊断中是行之有效的,取得了较好的诊断结果。     

电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术发展新动态

电子设备是各类航空、航天等高新技术装备必不可少的重要组成部分。与机械类设备存在明显退化状态征兆不同，电子设备退化状态无明显的外在表现，尚无有效征兆对其状态进行刻画，对其进行故障预测与健康管理存在一定的困难。针对该问题，梳理了电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术的基本概念和内涵，介绍了电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术的国内外研究现状，分析了当前复杂电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术面临的挑战和对策。在此基础上，结合未来复杂电子设备新特点及该领域最新研究进展，从基于间歇故障特征的健康状态表征、面向故障预测与健康管理的测试性设计和多源特征融合的健康状态评估等方面，提出了电子设备故障预测与健康管理技术发展的新方向。     

机载电子设备屏蔽效能测试与优化

随着航空工业的发展,高强辐射场（HIRF）对机载电子设备的影响越来越大。因此开展对飞机上已经投入使用的机载电子设备屏蔽效能的测试与优化的研究具有重要的意义。基于RTCA/DO-160G和GJB 5185—2003建立HIRF的测试环境,在该电磁环境下对机载电子设备进行屏蔽效能的测试,分析了不同测试位置、不同入射面以及不同极化方式对屏蔽效能的影响。获得了机载通信设备的主要耦合通道,并针对不同耦合通道提出了通用性的优化方法。研究结果可为机载电子设备HIRF的测试以及屏蔽体的优化提供参考意见。     

航空电子产品印制电路板组件中性清洗技术研究

印制电路板清洗是电子装配中的一个重要环节,它对电子产品的质量和可靠性有着极为重要的作用。通过对印制板清洗原理与影响因素分析,针对性使用优化参数的中性水基清洗剂对印制板组件进行试验,证实该类型清洗剂能够满足航空电子产品在印制板清洗方面的需求。     

EMI滤波器控制传导干扰实验与分析

应用理论分析和实验总结出来的关于共模和差模传导干扰信号的分布规律,分析电子设备电源线上存在的干扰信号的特点,试用不同网络结构的电磁干扰(EMI)滤波器来控制电子设备在在的传导干扰电平,使之符合有关电磁兼容性(EMC)标准规定的极限值为例,说明EMI滤波器设计和应用中碰到的某些实际问题,对指导用EMI滤波器来解决电子设备存在的电磁干扰和进行EMC试验很有实际意义。     

Integrated modular avionics

Over the past 20 years or so avionics have been designed using common standards and this has improved the quality and to some extent the interoperability of equipment. Yet aircraft systems are still a patchwork of one-off designs and the current thrust in Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) is to address this issue.     

便携式力发生校准装置

介绍了便携式力发生校准装置的机械及电控部分的设计实现。该装置不仅具备力值测量功能,同时具备设定力值发生功能,是力学现场计量的有效设备。     

航电系统设备管理和控制技术研究

随着电子技术和计算机技术的不断发展，大容量固态电子存储器在航空机载设备和地面设备的数据交换中充当了主要的载体，由此给病毒传播和数据泄密提供了物理途径。还详细阐述了利用设备管理和控制技术防止病毒传播和数据泄密的软件实现方法。     

Achieving higher levels of electronic integration throughsystem-on-chip

All aerospace vehicles have the common constraint of limited space for the electronic systems. The challenge has always been how to pack effective electronic systems into the space available. Higher levels of electronic integration can give a competitive advantage; for example, by providing extra channels in a communications satellite thereby increasing revenue to the operator. Today's deep sub-micron manufacturing processes for integrated electronics offer an opportunity for a step change for electronic functionality that can be packaged in a given space. This technology makes possible, for the first time, a true system-on-chip approach to electronic systems, which is already being exploited by the commercial sector in products such as the mobile telephone     

不同进气方式对机载电子设备气冷冷板性能影响

电子设备的热负荷占到了航空器全机热负荷的60%以上,高温失效是电子设备失效的主要形式,采取合理的散热手段及时带走电子设备产生的热量对飞行安全和电子设备工作的稳定性有着至关重要的影响。文章利用计算流体力学方法(CFD)对某机载电子设备用气冷冷板进行了传热模拟,通过改变入口速度以及冷空气的流动方式,得到不同工况下气冷冷板各位置的温度分布和工作性能。研究结果显示,入口速度增加会使冷却效果得到提升,但同时增加了流动阻力使得设备工作的稳定性下降。另外,流动方式一(中间进两侧出)的冷却效果优于流动方式二(两侧进中间出),流动方式二的工作噪音和流动阻力优于流动方式一,可根据实际需要进行选择。     

Surrogate teleoperated vehicle (STV)

The design of the STV is described. The STV system consists of two parts: the remote platform (RP) and the mobility/RSTA Module (MOB/RSTA). The RP consists of the carrier base and the remote control electronics that provide an interface to all systems on the STV and the communication system. It is based on an off-the-shelf Polaris six-wheel-drive, Ackerman-steered all-terrain vehicle that can exceed 58 km/h. The current automatic drive train will be modified using a dual motor hybrid concept that incorporates an electric motor to provide slow speed mobility when an ultraquiet mode is required. All electronics are packed in waterproof enclosures that allow for easy changeout of electronic components for simple and rapid maintenance operations. The modular MOB/RSTA module consists of an elevating mast and a pan and tilt turret with a variety of sensors. The electronics for the control of all turret functions, including sensor interfaces, are totally self-contained within the turret     

航空电子系统的可靠性优化研究

从航空装备到航空武器,都以大量的电子元件作为其细胞,航空装备系统的可靠性在很大程度上依赖于航空电子系统的可靠性,航空电子系统的可靠性直接影响航空装备的正常工作和作战效能。从电子元件冗余的角度建立了提高航空电子系统可靠性的多目标优化模型,并通过数学分析给出了解决问题的方法。