基于有限元模拟的三维型材拉弯轨迹设计

针对三维型材拉弯,提出一种基于变形控制有限元模拟的轨迹设计方法。首先提取模具长度方向特征线并将其离散成诸多线段单元,这样毛料逐步包覆模具的过程就变成毛料包覆这些线段单元的过程。给定毛料依次包覆线段单元发生的变形,根据切线接触条件（拉弯成形过程中毛料离开模具的位置处两者相切）计算出每步毛料末端位移。将这些位移作为边界条件输入有限元模型中计算毛料应力、应变和回弹。根据成形极限图和规定最大回弹超差量来调整变形模式,找到优化的变形模式和拉弯轨迹。以中空矩形截面型材三维拉弯为例,给出了轨迹设计的详细流程。     

飞机橡皮囊成形零件毛坯精确预示方法研究

 橡皮囊成形是飞机钣金零件成形的主要方法之一,其初始毛坯形状的预示是橡皮囊成形中的一个难点问题。针对橡皮囊成形的工艺特点,提出了一种基于一步逆成形有限元法的飞机橡皮囊成形钣金零件毛坯快速精确预示方法。首先将设计好的飞机钣金零件作为最终构形,然后采用一步逆成形有限元法进行初始毛坯的快速反向模拟,最后将通过该方法获得的毛坯外形应用到实际飞机钣金橡皮囊成形中,实验结果表明该方法可以快速精确地预示出飞机橡皮囊成形钣金零件的初始毛坯形状。     

铝合金厚板淬火残余应力的有限元模拟及其对加工变形的影响

航空整体结构件在加工过程中容易发生较大变形。为了研究毛坯的初始残余应力对整体结构件加工变形的影响,采用准耦合方法,利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟7075铝合金毛坯的淬火过程,研究该过程中温度的变化和残余应力的分布规律,并在含有淬火残余应力的毛坯上进行材料去除模拟。结果表明,模拟产生的比例件的变形与实际加工的比例件的变形非常近似,从而证明了毛坯的初始残余应力是引起整体结构件加工变形的主要因素,同时验证了准耦合淬火模拟的有效性。     

飞机舷窗有机中空透明件的变形和应力分析

针对某机型飞机舷窗有机中空透明件的载荷特点,建立了用于计算中空透明件变形和应力的迭代算法和有限元模型,并通过试验验证了该算法和有限元模型的准确性.对多种规格有机中空透明件进行了计算,分析了变形和应力与舱外气压、有机玻璃板厚度、气体层厚度的关系.     

一个非线性拟协调退化壳有限元

 根据非线性协调有限元列式方法,构造了几何非线性拟协调9结点四边形退化壳有限元。首先给出9结点四边形退化壳单元的几何描述和位移模式;接着讨论了非线性协调有限元列式方法;假设应力和应变;然后用所构造的壳单元,进行了方板、圆拱、球壳和圆柱壳的数值分析,并同精确解以及其他单元的解答进行了比较。结果表明本文壳单元是准确的和有效的。     

双路径自然增压铝合金2A12O充液拉深

 基于铝合金等难成形板材的需要,提出了双路径自然增压充液拉深新技术。用有限元法对铝合金2A12O双路径自然增压充液拉深进行研究,探讨径向压力和液池压力单独变化时对壁厚分布的影响;得到合理的液池压力和径向压力加载路径以及合适匹配比;分析了该方法中液池压力和径向压力成比例变化时,壁厚分布的变化趋势。结果表明：采用15.0~20.0 MPa的液池压力,并将液池压力经增压活塞1.45倍增压后引到毛坯法兰边缘,可获得壁厚分布比较均匀、成形质量较高的零件,并能显著提高板料的极限拉深比;液池和径向压力的比例变化影响成形零件的壁厚分布,并且在不同的成形阶段其影响趋势不同。对模拟分析得到的压力加载路径和增压比进行实验,得到拉深比达2.65的铝合金2A12O杯形件,并建立其成形合理的压力区域。     

纤维增强复合材料宏观与细观统一的细观力学模型

研究了复合材料宏观、细观特征之间的联系,将宏观复合材料体中的1点赋予了细观结构特征。基于细观结构周期性假设,建立了1种细观力学模型,用模型中高阶多项式函数模拟基体和增强相中的细观位移场;通过对细观单元力学方程的分析与求解,建立了复合材料宏观、细观力学变量之间的联系。该细观力学模型,不仅能用于复合材料宏观有效性能的预测及细观应力、应变场的分析,而且能够很容易地融入常规有限元法中,实现对复合材料结构的宏观、细观一体化分析。以该细观力学模型为基础的计算结果与部分文献中的试验结果及理论计算值具有较好的一致性。     

虑及板坯几何和性能波动的薄壁件塑性成形数值模拟研究进展

用于塑性成形的大型金属板坯存在不可避免的几何以及性能波动,其参数波动呈现很强的分散性和随机性,难以准确地定量表征。金属板坯几何和性能的波动会显著增加其在塑性成形中变形的复杂性,导致成形质量及成形极限下降,尤其是在具有强烈不均匀变形特征的薄壁件拉深、旋压等塑性成形中表现得更加明显,极大制约了大型薄壁件的精确成形。从板坯几何和性能波动的表征方法,虑及几何和性能波动的薄壁件塑性成形有限元模型建立、成形质量的影响规律、工艺参数设计及调控等方面综述了相关研究进展,并提出虑及几何和性能波动的薄壁件塑性成形研究中仍面临的难题与挑战,对发展薄壁件塑性成形理论与技术具有重要指导意义和参考价值。     

铝锂合金喷丸强化数值模拟及试验

根据喷丸强化工艺过程的特点,利用ABAQUS有限元计算软件建立了模拟喷丸残余应力场的三维有限元模型.在此模型基础上研究了喷丸速度、弹丸直径及弹丸数量等因素对铝锂合金喷丸残余应力场的影响规律,进而对比了单弹丸模型、均布式阵列弹丸模型和随机弹丸模型下残余应力场的分布规律.采用X射线残余应力仪和电解抛光法得到喷丸强化后沿铝锂合金试件厚度方向的残余应力分布规律.残余应力层深度约为0.24mm,最大残余应力出现在距表面深度为0.08mm处,验证了有限元模型的有效性.      

利用压电驱动器改善飞机横滚性能的试验验证

利用分布粘帖在矩形机翼上下两面的压电驱动器,探索使用该类结构提高飞行器横滚能力的可能性。通过风洞模型设计、材料性能测试、模型固有特性测试、压电柔度矩阵测试等试验项目,保证了有限元模型的计算精度,最终通过模型的风洞试验验证了利用气动弹性效应,获得了附加升力与横滚力矩的方案。该原理性试验说明利用分布式压电驱动器改善横滚性能是可行的。     

Convex shaping process simulation during counter-rotating electrochemical machining by using the finite element method

In counter-rotating electrochemical machining(CRECM), a revolving cathode tool with hollow windows of various shapes is used to fabricate convex structures on a revolving part. During this process, the anode workpiece and the cathode tool rotate relative to each other at the same rotation speed. In contrast to the conventional schemes of ECM machining with linear motion of a block tool electrode, this scheme of ECM is unique, and has not been adequately studied yet. In this paper, the finite element method(FEM) is used to simulate the anode shaping process during CRECM, and the simulation process which involves a meshing model, a moving boundary,and a simulation algorithm is described. The simulated anode profiles of the convex structure at different processing times show that the CRECM process can be used to fabricate convex structures of various shapes with different heights. Besides, the variation of the inter-electrode gap indicates that this process can also reach a relative equilibrium state like that in conventional ECM. A rectangular convex and a circular convex are successfully fabricated on revolving parts. The experimental results indicate relatively good agreement with the simulation results. The proposed simulation process is valid for convex shaping prediction and feasibility studies as well.     

钛合金导管无扩口内径滚压连接成形技术研究

利用有限元和试验的方法对内径滚压成形中的关键问题进行了研究,最后参考有限元模拟结果,进行了连接成形试验,试验结果与模拟结果吻合较好,说明有限元模型具有一定的参考价值,并且连接件顺利通过耐压试验,证明连接件具有较强的连接强度和良好的密封性能.     

航空发动机薄壁W形封严环动模外压成形

液压成形是复杂薄壁零件制造的一种有效方法。针对某航空发动机的薄壁高温合金W形封严环构件,提出动模外压成形方法,并建立了有限元模型。基于数值模拟和工艺实验,分析了不同成形阶段的变形规律和压缩失稳的控制机理,在此基础上研究了毛坯成形区高度和型腔液压加载路径等关键工艺参数对零件成形结果的影响,探讨了成形过程中环向失稳起皱、型面不对称、材料堆叠等失效形式,提出了优化的参数。结果表明,提出的工艺方法可实现W形封严环的整体精确成形,采用优化的毛坯成形区高度和液压加载路径可获得成形精度较高、表面平滑无褶皱的试件。     

跨音叶栅流动的多级有限元分析

将各向异性张力有限单元和Taylor-Galerkin有限元法在多级有限元法的思想下结合起来, 构成了收敛速度和稳定性均较好的适用于跨音流动计算的各向异性多级有限元法。利用这一方法, 基于Euler方程, 研究了平面跨音速叶栅流动, 并与实验结果作了比较。结果表明, 本方法是跨音速计算的强有力手段。      

复合材料层压板圆角区面外受载失效分析

为了研究复合材料层压板圆角区在面外载荷作用下的失效过程,基于ABAQUS有限元软件中的连续壳单元和cohesive单元建立了有限元模型,在该模型中,采用hashin准则预测面内损伤,而对于圆角区分层损伤的起始与扩展,则采用cohesive单元进行模拟。采用该模型对复合材料层压板圆角区在面外载荷作用下的破坏过程进行仿真,仿真结果与试验结果相比较表明:本文建立的有限元分析模型能较好地模拟复合材料层压板圆角区在面外载荷作用下的失效过程,并且能较好地预测该结构的承载能力。     

Convergence Analysis of the Numerical Solution for Cathode Design of Aero-engine Blades in Electrochemical Machining

As a main difficult problem encountered in electrochemical machining （ECM）, the cathode design is tackled, at present, with various numerical analysis methods such as finite difference, finite element and boundary element methods. Among them, the finite element method presents more flexibility to deal with the irregularly shaped workpieces. However, it is very difficult to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach. This paper proposes an accurate model and a finite element numerical approach of cathode design based on the potential distribution in inter-electrode gap. In order to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach and increase the accuracy in cathode design, the cathode shape should be iterated to eliminate the design errors in computational process. Several experiments are conducted to verify the machining accuracy of the designed cathode. The experimental results have proven perfect convergence and good computing accuracy of the proposed finite element numerical approach by the high surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined blades.     

响应面拟合法在机翼结构优化中的应用研究

在飞机结构优化设计中,针对循环利用有限元软件寻优耗时大、收敛比较慢的状况,本文采用了一种基于响应面多项式拟合方法对机翼结构进行优化。以某平直机翼为例,该方法从建立机翼结构的有限元模型出发,结合正交试验设计方法,经过对比,采用比较新颖的最大差值极小化法,建立机翼的二次响应面近似模型;在此基础上,以整个机翼结构质量最小化为目标,最大位移和最大应力为约束,把机翼划分为多个区域,选取各区域蒙皮厚度和全部肋腹板厚度为设计参数,建立数学优化模型,用ISIGHT集成MATLAB的方法,采用序列二次规划法进行优化。优化的结果表明,采用该方法对该平直机翼进行优化,在满足机翼刚度和强度的情况下,能有效降低机翼质量,并且避免了多次重复调用有限元软件进行计算,迭代次数仅为34次,优化效率明显提高。     

复合材料单钉接头的损伤累积模拟

给出一复合材料接头损伤累积模型,包括分类损伤判据、损伤区刚度衰减和总体破坏判据;将该模型结合有限元法模拟单钉接头的损伤破坏过程,包括损伤起始、类型、累积及应力重分布的确定以及接头强度的预测;研究了３种铺层的碳／环氧复合材料单钉接头的损伤累积并与现有结果做了比较。     

Effect of blank quenching on shear spinning forming precision of 2219 aluminum alloy complex thin-walled components

The quenching-spinning (Q-S) process, i.e., shear spinning after blank quenching, has been increasingly utilized to form 2219 aluminum alloy complex thin-walled components. However, the changes in material property, shape and stress of the blanks after quenching will affect the spinning forming precision. In this study, the rules and mechanisms of these effects are investigated based on a combined finite element (FE) model including blank quenching and component spinning process. The results indicate that the increase of material strength and the existence of distortion of the quenched blank lead to a notable increase in the non-uniformity of the circumferential compressive stress in the spinning area and the increase of the flange swing height during spinning. These changes result in an increase in the wall thickness and component-mandrel gap of the components. The quenching residual stress has little effect on wall thickness and roundness but can noticeably reduce the component-mandrel gap. This is because that the existence of quenching residual stress of the blank can lead to the decrease of the maximum circumferential compressive stress of the workpiece in spinning and an obvious drop in the maximum compressive stress after reaching the stress peak. Quenching distortion is the main factor affecting the roundness. Moreover, the optimized installation way of the blank for spinning is obtained.     

Performance of phased-array antennas with mechanical errors

The performance of planar phase-array antennas with mechanical errors is investigated. Errors in array element positions as a result of structural distortions are considered as deterministic and predictable. Detailed calculations for two assumed modes of distortion reveal that their effects on antenna performance are the loss of peak response in the scan direction and the broadening of the mainlobe, while the far-out sidelobe structure remains relatively intact. For large antennas, performance improvement can be expected by suitable phase compensation. Performance of antennas with random errors in their element positions must be treated statistically. Expressions of average directivity and sidelobe level corresponding to arbitrary error magnitudes in element position, amplitude and phase of excitation as well as finite rate of failure of element modules were derived and verified by direct numerical calculations from the antenna directivity patterns. For a planar phased-array antenna typical for space-based radars, the standard deviation of element position errors must not exceed 1% of the operating wavelength in order to maintain a -10 dBi sidelobe level