航天器百千瓦级分布式可重构电源系统设计

随着大功率通信卫星、高分辨率SAR卫星、大功率电推进航天器、核动力航天器、大型在轨服务站等对超大功率能源系统需求不断增强,100 kW超大功率电源系统成为未来大功率航天器电源系统的发展趋势。文章结合航天器电源系统研究基础,对100 kW电源系统的高压、大功率、分布式的任务特点进行分析,设计一种分布式可重构电源系统,提出了系统拓扑架构和相应的控制策略,并对高压大功率变换控制技术、多通道能源管理技术、高压大功率元器件技术和系统可靠性、安全性技术进行研究。对文章提出的电源系统进行软件建模和仿真,结果表明:100 kW电源系统拓扑架构和管理控制策略合理可行,系统稳定性较好,鲁棒性强,可为后续大功率航天器电源系统研究和设计提供参考。     

2020年前后我国将建成运营载人空间站

据来自中国空间技术研究院在京主办的第四届中国空间技术论坛上的消息,2020年前后,我国将建成和运营载人空间站,作为空间科学和新技术研究试验的重要基地。载人空间站工程包括航天员系统、空间实验室系统、空间站系统、运载火箭系统、载人飞船系统、     

空地一体化信息对抗系统构架设想

首先介绍“空天一体化”作战体系概念及信息对抗系统的组成和系统特点,并基于目前信息对抗系统的现状和对未来信息战的推测,对空地一体化信息对抗系统构架做了初步的设想。重点介绍空地一体化信息对抗系统的需求、系统构架、组成、特点及关键技术。     

推进空管新技术应用 促进民航持续安全发展

在航空运输系统中,空管系统负责管理空域,制定飞行规则和程序,提供通信导航监视服务、航行情报服务、航空气象服务,实施空中交通管理,保障航空运输的安全、高效和顺畅,是一个集现代电子技术、计算机技术、信息化技术、自动化技术等自然科学和管制人员人为因素等人文科学于一体的复杂系统。同时,空管系统在航空运输系统中扮演着保障整个系统顺畅、有序运转的调度中枢的角色,处于承上启下的地位。     

中国空间探索的切入点——"地月日大系统研究"的观念

探讨了地月系统、地日系统,并在此基础上提出了"地月日大系统"的研究思路。将地、月、日三者关联起来,从系统的角度和多时空尺度研究地、月、日三者之间的内在关联和相互影响,从中找出未来空间探索的主题和科学研究的目标,同时还要围绕这一主题和目标,用系统、整体、历史的观点筹划未来空间活动的开展。     

空管新技术促进民航持续安全发展

空中交通管理系统是在航空运输系统中负责管理空域,制定飞行规则和程序,提供通信导航监视服务、航行服务、航空气象服务,实施空中交通管理,保障航空运输安全、高效、顺畅的子系统,同时也是一个集现代电子技术、计算机技术、信息化技术、自动化技术等自然科学和管制员人为因素等人文科学于一体的复杂系统。在空管系统基础保障设施和空管工作领域中,包含了大量的技术装备、技术理念和技术手段。因此,每一次空管系统的变革都离不开技术的革新,而重大的新技术装备和理念的应用又能推动空管系统的进步。     

电子战系统仿真评估的基本方法

对电子战(EW)系统在完成作战任务中的作用和使用效果进行定量描述和测试、评估,在EW系统的论证、研制、采办、应用过程中具有十分重要的地位。对于EW系统这样的大型动态复杂系统,计算机建模和仿真的方法是全面分析和评估其动态行为效能的重要手段。综述了计算机仿真在EW系统评估中的应用,把EW系统的仿真评估分为三个层次:工程级、系统级和任务级。并从EW的特点出发,提出了EW系统仿真模型中的三个重要的类型:基于离散事件的事件模型,基于数据描述的数据模型,基于信号描述的信号模型。提出根据这三个模型的标准规范建立系统数学模型和设计EW系统仿真模型构件的概念,用于构筑大型复杂的EW系统评估的仿真环境,并利用计算机技术,走发展和利用综合仿真的道路。     

载人月球探测混合云架构体系仿真系统研究

针对载人月球探测工程任务需求,设计了一种基于混合云架构的体系仿真系统,实现了辅助设计、方案验证和协助任务等功能应用。分别从任务设计和应用模式角度分析了体系仿真系统功能需求;根据需求给出体系仿真系统总体架构,采用仿真平台和仿真支持库统筹建设的方式,完成了系统开发与集成;提出了针对体系仿真系统建设涉及的体系建模、任务规划、推演展示、效能评估和系统联动与扩展关键技术实现方案;应用该系统实现了对典型载人月面活动场景的仿真,得到了关键参数模拟推演结果,验证了体系仿真系统各项功能有效性和正确性;最后给出了思考和展望。该体系仿真系统可支撑未来载人月球探测相关任务开展发展论证和综合评估验证,能够为同类系统开发提供方案参考。     

空间电源数字孪生系统

数字孪生系统是一种详细描述现实系统的数字化模拟系统,基于虚拟空间中的模型理解、预测、优化和控制现实系统,与现实系统具有实时性、同步进化性和交互性。为满足未来空间飞行器智能化、高机动性、多目标任务的特点,需要提升空间电源系统智能化监测管理能力。本文分析了空间电源数字孪生系统的构成要素,从数字孪生模型构建、新型传感技术以及数据驱动原理出发,构建数字孪生系统。依据天上-地面-数字空间各1套电源系统的原则,实现对空间电源荷电状态、电源健康状态等性能进行精准状态诊断和预测并优化控制策略,在保证飞行器任务实现的前提下提高电源系统的可靠性。     

美国对地观测卫星系统现状与发展

摘要未来5年美国民用对地观测卫星系统将进行全面更新换代,本文分析了美国对地观测卫星系统发展现状和未来需求,介绍了下二代卫星系统组成、系统概念、遥感器配置、技术进步点等,分析了下一代卫星系统发展策略,总结了美国下一代对地观测卫星系统发展特点和趋势。     

Periodic motions of a nearly dynamically symmetric satellite in the neighborhood of hyperboloidal precession

The motion of a satellite close to a dynamically symmetric solid body in a Newtonian gravitational field over a circular orbit is studied. The system of differential equations describing the body’s motion is close to a system with cyclic coordinate. New classes of periodic motions are constructed in the neighborhood of a known partial solution to an unperturbed problem, hyperboloidal precession of a dynamically symmetric satellite. In the resonance case, when the ratio of one frequency of small oscillations of a reduced system with two degrees of freedom in the neighborhood of a stable equilibrium position to the frequency of cyclic coordinate variation is close to an integer number, there exist one or three families of periodic motions that are analytic in terms of fractional powers of a small parameter. A study of stability of these motions was performed with the help of KAM (Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser) theoty. Faling the described resonance there exists a unique family of periodic motions that is analytic in terms of integer powers of a small parameter. The check-up of stability of these motrons was carried out. We distinguished the cases of parametric resonance, resonances of the third and fourth orders, and a non-resonant case. In the resonance cases our study relies on well-known results on stability of Hamiltonian systems during resonances [1]. In the non-resonant case we use the KAM theory [2].     

Test results of the air turbo ramjet for a future space plane

The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) has been engaged in the development study on the Air Turbo Ramjet (ATR) engine since 1986 in cooperation with the Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd (IHI). The ATR is one of the most preferable candidates for the propulsion system of a future space plane. Our ATR engine is a combined cycle air breathing propulsion system which consists of the turbojet and the fan boosted ramjet using the liquid hydrogen as a fuel. This engine system was named “ATREX” after employing the expander cycle. The ATREX is energized by thermal energy extracted regeneratively in both the pre-cooler installed in the air intake and the heat exchanger in combustion chamber. The ATREX works in the flight condition from sea level static up to Mach 6 at 35 km altitude. The ATREX employs the tip turbine configuration for compactness of turbo machinery. We are assessing the feasibility of the ATREX system by the sea level static tests using the 1/4-scale model (ATREX-500) with a fan inlet diameter of 300 mm and overall length of 2120 mm. In 1990, the ATREX-500 engine was tested in a sea level static condition to verify the performance characteristics of the turbo machinery and the combustor. In September of 1991, the heat exchanger was installed in the combustion chamber and tested independently from the turbo system. In November of 1991, the heat exchanger was coupled with the turbo system and tested to verify the overall system of the ATREX. In this paper are presented the test results of the ATREX-500 engine tested in the sea level static condition.     

Analysis of a crossed Bragg cell acousto-optical spectrometer for SETI

The search for radio signals from extraterrestrial intelligent beings (SETI) requires the use of large instantaneous bandwidth (500 MHz) and high resolution (20 Hz) spectrometers. Digital systems with a high degree of modularity can be used to provide this capability, and this method has been widely discussed. Another technique for meeting the SETI requirement is to use a crossed Bragg cell spectrometer as described by Psaltis and Casasent. This technique makes use of the Folded Spectrum concept, introduced by Thomas. The Folded Spectrum is a 2-D Fourier Transform of a raster scanned 1-D signal. It is directly related to the long 1-D spectrum of the original signal and is ideally suited for optical signal processing. The folded spectrum technique has received little attention to date, primarily because early systems made use of photographic film which are unsuitable for the real time data analysis and voluminous data requirements of SETI. An analysis of the crossed Bragg cell spectrometer is presented as a method to achieve the spectral processing requirements for SETI. Systematic noise contributions unique to the Bragg cell system will be discussed.     

双天线对旁瓣匿影雷达相参干扰的应用技术

双天线干扰体制是一部干扰机采用两部干扰天线同时对目标实施干扰，可以实现对旁瓣匿影雷达的干扰。重点研究采用双天线相参干扰对抗旁瓣匿影雷达的方法，分析了干扰效果。计算和仿真的结果表明当干扰对准雷达主瓣方向的偏角不大于10°，两天线相距大于500m时对雷达有显著的（压制性的）干扰效果。     

无热化大相对孔径星敏感器光学系统设计

提出了一种大相时孔径轻小型光学系统的设计方案,给出了设计方案及热分析结果.光学系统工作谱段500～800nm,视场角9°,相对孔径1／1.2,光学系统设计结果良好,弥散斑直径在两个像元尺寸之内,能够满足光学系统对能量集中度和弥散斑的要求.基于光学热补偿理论对光学系统进行了无热化分析和消热设计.通过分析不同温度下的传递函...     

Small total dose measurement system for SDS-1

The Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) uses monitors on board satellites to measure and record in-flight data on ionization effects in space. A compact, total dose measurement system for the small satellite (SDS-1) was developed based on the previous system for measuring total ionizing dose effects. Especially, the sensor for SDS-1 is quite smaller than the sensor for SOHLA-1, which is presented in the last year. The sensor is 8 mm wide×3 mm high×19 mm long and weighs approximately 4 g with 500 mm its wire harness. Eight pin LCC RADFET and temperature sensor are arranged on it. Seven sensors are arranged on some components inside the SDS-1. One of the sensors is arranged on a printed board in advanced microprocessing in-ORBIT experiment equipment (AMI). The AMI demonstrate 320 MIPS microprocessor and DC–DC converter for space. The absorbed dose at the points where the sensors are arranged was evaluated before flight and will be compared with resulting flight data.     

载人航天器内超声在轨检漏的应用基础研究

载人航天器在轨运行发生泄漏会造成极大的危害,需要及时检测和定位,超声检漏设备是一种便捷有效的在轨检漏方案。文章分析了航天器泄漏产生超声波的原理并计算了对应的中心频率,分析了声压衰减原理并计算了衰减范围,通过试验得到4种漏孔的拟合曲线和方程,针对拟合曲线进行了试验验证。结果表明：在20～500 mm的感知范围内,超声波声压随距离的增大呈一阶指数衰减,并随漏孔直径的增大而增大。本文研究结果可为航天器超声在轨检漏仪的研制和使用提供参考。     

Development Study on ATREX Engine

This is the status report of the development study on ATREX engine (Air Turbo Ramjet) that is now under way in the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) cooperation with the Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries (IHI), the Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI), the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). ATREX engine will be applied for the propulsion system of fly-back booster of TSTO space plane. ATREX is the combined cycle (a fan-boosted ramjet) engine providing the effective thrust from sea level static to flight Mach number 6. ATREX is worked on the expander cycle with precooling the incoming air as shown in Fig. 1. ATREX employs the tip turbine configuration which allows the compactness and the light weight of turbo machinery and the variable geometry airintake and plugnozzle which allow the wide range operation conditions.From 1990 to 1992, “ ATREX-500“ has been tested at the sea level static conditions. ATREX-500 is the 1/4-scale model of which fan inlet diameter is 300 mm and overall length 2,200 mm. From 1992 have been performed the wind tunnel tests on the primary components of ATREX, the axisymmetric variable geometry airintakes, the precoolers and the variable geometry plug nozzles. In parallel to the windtunnel tests, the ram combusters have been tested simulating the hypersonic flight conditions and the application studies on advanced carbon-carbon composite for the tip-turbine and fan assembly has been proceeded.In 1994 initiated the flight test plan in which ATREX will be verified in the practical flight conditions by using an unmanned flying test bench.In 1995 will be tested ATREX-500 installing the precooler under the sea level static conditions to examine the engine performance and the icing on the precooler.The present paper addresses the high loading ram combuster experiment using the mixer with skewed lobes to generate swirl flow and the analytical studies and the designs on the precooler and the precooled ATREX engine and the flight test plan.     

SAR高速实时信号处理系统设计

合成孔径雷达回波数据速率一般高达3GSPS,如何采集、存储、压缩、传输如此高速率的数据成为一个难点。文章在分析了SAR回波数据特点的基础上,设计并实现了一个SAR高速实时信号处理系统。该系统以FP-GA为核心处理器、ADC08D1500为高性能的AD采集芯片、DDR_SDRAM为数据存储器、TLK2711为数据传输芯片。实验结果表明：本文设计的高速实时信号处理系统性能良好,能够很好地实时处理高速率的SAR回波数据。同时该系统易于实现,具有较强的实用性。     

星上业务综合与地面综合基带一体化设计的思路

为满足在航天器与地面站之间传输各类数据的要求，航天器和地面设备都有相应的措施与之适应。星上数据的业务综合将航天器上的各类数据合并成一路数据流，经物理信道统一传输。地面设备则将遥测、遥控、测距和数传等功能在基带集成，形成综合基带设备。业务综合与综合基带都曾推动了航天任务中数据传输系统的发展，但二者都是从自身的角度考虑，并没有作为一个系统综合设计。本文对业务综合与综合基带进行一体化设计，使天地系统相互协调，最大限度地提高星地数据传输的可靠性和有效性。文中通过对遥感卫星数据传输系统的设计实例说明了一体化设计思路的应用。