太阳米波噪暴：哨声模式

本文以日冕活动区磁结构演化为噪暴现象的驱动力,并假定日冕活动区在磁学上是不均匀的——存在强磁场纤维,提出了太阳米波噪暴的哨声模式.活动区磁结构的演化将在冕弧中产生弱激波.当弱激波通过强磁场纤维时,加热部分电子,被加热的电子在强磁场纤维中形成损失锥分布.在日冕的噪暴区域中,快速电子的损失锥分布将产生高亮度的哨声波和朗缪尔波.通过感应散射,朗缪尔波滑向低波区域时将与哨声波发生强烈的互作用而产生窄束电磁辐射(Ⅰ型爆发).强磁场纤维及相应的场位形决定了Ⅰ型爆发的频宽和持续时间.而噪暴连续谱则采用通常认为的各同向电子产生的朗缪尔波与低频波耦合的产物.     

损失锥电子速度分布激发的哨声波

利用一维粒子模拟方法研究了损失锥电子速度分布激发的哨声波非线性演化过程, 并与双麦克斯韦电子分布激发哨声波的情况进行了比较. 结果表明, 这两种情况下, 在线性增长阶段哨声波的主导频率 (能量最集中的一个频率) 是一样的, 波动的激发使得平行于背景磁场方向的电子温度有所提高. 比较而言,在损失锥分布情况下, 哨声波具有主导频率的波模可较早地被激发, 而在线性增长阶段, 哨声波的能量更倾向于集中在高频(短波长)波段. 部分粒子被散射到损失锥中, 而使损失锥分布得以补充. 本文还研究了不同各向异性分布和磁场强度条件下的激发过程.      

Injection of 40-kHz-modulated electron beam from the satellite: II. Excitation of electrostatic and whistler waves

Beam-plasma interaction effects are studied during the active space experiment with electron and Xe-ion beam injections in an ionospheric plasma. Permanent 40-kHz-modulated electron beam injection occurs simultaneously with a xenon-ion beam injected by the Hall-type plasma thruster operating in a square-pulse mode (100/50 s for a job/pause duration). The unusual behavior of the background charged particle fluxes and wave activity stimulated during the beam-plasma interaction have been registered by the scientific instruments onboard Intercosmos-25 station (IK-25) and Magion-3 subsatellite. The longitudinal and electromagnetic wave instabilities and their mutual relationship are considered in order to explain the observed effects. The excitation of electrostatic waves by the electron injection has been considered for different resonance conditions near the linear stability boundary. Beam-driven electromagnetic instability is responsible for the backward-propagating whistler waves excited via cyclotron resonance. Competition of these two beam instabilities is one of the subjects of the present study.     

Acceleration of energetic particles by whistler waves in active space experiment with charged particle beams injection

In this paper the investigation of wave-particle interaction during simultaneous injection of electron and xenon ion beams from the satellite Intercosmos-25 (IK-25) carried out using the data of the double satellite system with subsatellite Magion-3 (APEX). Results of active space experiment devoted to the beam-plasma instability are partially presented in the paper Baranets et al. (2007). A specific feature of the experiment carried out in orbits 201, 202 was that charged particle flows were injected in the same direction along the magnetic field lines B₀ so the oblique beam-into-beam injection have been produced. Results of the beam-plasma interaction for this configuration were registered by scientific instruments mounted on the station IK-25 and Magion-3 subsatellite. Main attention is paid to study the electromagnetic and longitudinal waves excitation in different frequency ranges and the energetic electron fluxes disturbed due to wave-particle interaction with whistler waves. The whistler wave excitation on the 1st electron cyclotron harmonic via normal Doppler effect during electron beam injection in ionospheric plasma are considered.     

从空间飞行器入射进电离层的调制电子束产生的高频波辐射

在主动束-等离子体试验中,调制电子束从空间飞行器入射进电离层等离子体将会产生电磁波辐射,在不同试验条件下电磁波辐射机理也不一样,由电子束纵向约束性产生电磁波辐射是其中之一.对半无界稀薄调制电子束从空间飞行器入射进电离层等离子体时所产生的波现象进行了理论分析和数值计算.结果表明,当调制电子束沿磁力线入射时,会在电离层等离子体中产生高频电磁波辐射,该辐射主要集中在垂直于入射电子束运动方向的平面内.      

磁层中哨声波与电子的相互作用

哨声波与磁层中电子的非线性相互作用,导致电子投掷角降低,沉降到低电离层,引起局部电离增强,而诱发Trimpi效应。本文讨论波-粒子相互作用的过程,并利用超粒子法进行了计算机模拟。计算结果指出共振不仅与电子的速度有关,而且与电子初始拉莫尔相位角有关;计算得到了相互作用时共振电子相位聚焦效应、非共振电子相位聚束效应及电子速度-相位空间中的不均匀振荡等一些结果。同时,也给出了波-电子相互作用引起的沉降电子能量通量随时间的变化和沉降电子的能量分布。      

Study of VLF wave with relativistic effect in Saturn magnetosphere in the presence of parallel A.C. electric field

Cassini radio and plasma wave surveys aim to study radio emissions, plasma waves, thermal plasma and dust near Saturn. Using the characteristic solution and dynamics method, the influence of electron beam on the loss cone and bi-Maxwellian distribution of whistler mode waves in the parallel alternating electric field and magnetic field is studied. The dispersion relation and the growth rate of Saturn's magnetic layer were deduced and calculated in detail. Parameter analysis is performed by changing the parameters of the plasma like number density, AC frequency, temperature anisotropy, etc. The influence of AC frequency on Doppler shift and the comparative study of growth rate of oblique and parallel propagating waves are analyzed using generalized distribution function. We found temperature anisotropy ${\text{A}}_{\text{T}}=1.25$ can explain the linear spatiotemporal growth rate of whistler mode waves. It provides the majority of the observed frequency integral power. It can be seen that the effective parameters for the generation of Whistler mode waves are not only temperature anisotropy, but also the relativistic factors discussed in the results and discussion section, and the AC field frequency and width of the loss cone distribution function.     

太阳高能电子束通过空间振荡轴向场产生的电磁不稳定性

本文基于太阳高能电子和日冕区开放场及行星际磁场特征，建立了相对论电子束与伴有空间变化（空间周期变化）的轴向场相互作用模型，用数值方法研究了该体系产生的电磁不稳定性，结果指出只有当太阳高能电子束速度和空间振荡场波数大到一定程度时，该体系才可激发在旋电磁模不稳定性，当太阳高能电子束逐一通过日冕和行星际空间时，激发具有波频向低频漂移特征的电磁波．     

无碰撞电流片哨声波不稳定性

通过数值求解文献[4]中物理模型A得到的一般形式的色散关系,讨论了无碰撞电流片低频波不稳定性问题.结果表明,哨声波能被无碰撞电流片直接激发.在中性片上(z/di=0),在较宽的波数范围内,斜哨声波是可以传播的,但它基本上是稳定的.在离子惯性区内(z/di<1,电子惯性区外),斜传播的哨声波是不稳定的.在离子惯性区边缘(z/di=1),斜传播的哨声波仍然是不稳定的,增长率更大,不稳定的波频率范围更高.此外,朝向中性片方向传播(kzdi<0)的哨声波比离开中性片方向传播(kzdi>0)的哨声波有更大的增长率.     

Spatial coherence and electromagnetic wave generation during electron beam experiments in space

A two-dimensional electromagnetic simulation model is used to investigate the production of whistler waves in connection with electron beam experiments in space. The spectrum is observed to peak near 0.7 ω_e, and the conversion efficiency of beam energy to whistler waves is about 5 × 10⁻⁵. The whistlers can be trapped in a density trough extending out from the spacecraft and experience ducted propagation.     

Two dimensional simulation of amplitude modulated electron plasma waves

Highly modulated waves near electron plasma frequency with both parallel and perpendicular polarization have been observed near diffusion region at dayside and in the tail region. In this paper, two dimensional Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulation was performed to study the possible generation mechanism of these modulated electron plasma waves. It is shown that weak beam instability could generate the modulated Langmuir wave and the ambient magnetic field plays an important role in the formation of modulation. When the weak beam has loss cone distribution, highly modulated upper hybrid waves are generated and propagate with large angle to the ambient magnetic field. The properties of these modulated waves are discussed and compared with observations.     

无碰撞激波上游低频波的激发及其对激波耗散机制的影响

由于很大一部分来自激波上游的粒子被激波面所反射,因此在准平行无碰撞激波的上游存在着等离子体束流．通过一维混合模拟方法,计算了束流密度较小(nb／n0=0．02)和较大(nb／n0=0．2)两种不同情形下的等离子体束流不稳定性．结果表明,在束流密度较小时,束流激发的主要是平行于背景磁场方向传播的右旋波,此波动只能对束流粒子产生影响,包括减速和加热．在束流密度较大时,束流可同时激发平行和反平行于背景磁场方向传播的右旋波,除能对束流粒子产生影响外,还可通过非共振作用加速和加热背景粒子．文中对准平行无碰撞激波耗散机制的影响也进行了讨论。     

引导场对无碰撞电流片低频电磁不稳定性的影响

通过数值求解无碰撞电流片中可压缩磁流体力学模型下得到的一般形式的色散关系,讨论了无碰撞电流片中引导场对低频电磁波不稳定性的影响.结果表明,平衡态磁场中的引导场,对于三维扰动传播的波不稳定性有很强的影响.(1)在电流片中间平面上(z=0),无引导场时,没有不稳定性发生,但若存在引导场,不稳定性便发生,并随着引导场的增强,不稳定性明显增强,不稳定的波模可能是低混杂模.(2)在中间平面附近(z=0.2),电流片是不稳定的.随着引导场的增强,不稳定性增长率明显地增强,不稳定的波模从平行和反平行两个方向传播变为反平行方向一个方向传播,并且是斜传播的,具有低频哨声模或低混杂模的特征.(3)在电流片边缘附近(z=0.8),引导场对不稳定的波模和增长率没有明显影响,不稳定的波模都是准平行的哨声波.      

调制电子束弛豫长度对哨声波辐射的影响

在发射调制电子束的主动空间试验中,电子束与背景等离子体的线性和非线性相互作用将产生哨声波辐射.影响辐射特性的因素很多,调制电子束的弛豫长度是其中一个重要因素.本文研究了呈指数衰减的调制电子束弛豫长度对电子束产生的哨声波辐射特性的影响.结果表明,当电子束弛豫长度与背景等离子体非均匀特征尺度相当时,有利于提高调制电子束产生的波辐射强度.      

Appearance of VLF and ELF-noises in topside ionosphere under the action of high power radio wave from data of satellite intercosmos-24

Results of a satellite experiment are presented on detection of VLF and ELF-waves excited by irradiation of the night ionosphere F-region by the field of a nonmodulated high-power radio wave. The excited VLF and ELF-waves have been detected at the topside ionosphere heights h=500–1000 km in the frequency bands 8 kHz相似文献   

Rocket borne electron accelerator results pertaining to the beam plasma discharge

Three flights of rocket borne electron accelerators have yielded some results concerning the Beam Plasma Discharge (BPD). The first flight, E||B, from Churchill carrying an accelerator of 2 and 4 keV electrons, produced a spectrum of whistler mode waves which was identical with that produced in a large vacuum chamber, and which we know to be an indicator of BPD. The second, Echo V, launched from Poker Flat, Alaska, carrying an accelerator of 25–35 keV electrons, produced wave emissions at 3–3.5 MHz observed on the ground. Our interpretation is that BPD was not or was weakly produced. In the third flight, NB³-II launched from Churchill with an accelerator of 2, 4 and 8 keV electrons, wave emissions well above the ambient plasma frequency were observed from a separated payload, but very close to the beam, and are interpreted as demonstrating BPD.     

哨声模合声波与地球同步轨道高能电子通量增强事件事例研究

局部加速机制是磁暴期间地球外辐射带高能电子通量增强事件发生的重要原 因. 此加速机制需要两个基本条件, 一是存在种子电子, 二是存在能与种子 电子产生共振的加速波动, 包括哨声模合声波. 通过对2004-2006年 Pi1地磁脉动持续时间与种子电子通量的相关性分析, 更明确提出Pi1地磁脉 动的持续时间可以作为种子电子通量的指示剂. 通过对三个磁暴事例地球同 步轨道的种子电子通量、高能电子通量及哨声模合声波变化情况的分析, 发 现在高能电子通量较强的事例中, 均观测到较高的种子电子通量和较强的 哨声模合声波, 这在一定程度上验证了哨声模合声波对种子电子的回旋加速 机制, 且合声波强度与高能电子通量有正的相关性.      

Electron acceleration and parallel electric fields due to kinetic Alfvén waves in plasma with similar thermal and Alfvén speeds

We investigate electron acceleration due to shear Alfvén waves in a collissionless plasma for plasma parameters typical of 4–5R_E radial distance from the Earth along auroral field lines. Recent observational work has motivated this study, which explores the plasma regime where the thermal velocity of the electrons is similar to the Alfvén speed of the plasma, encouraging Landau resonance for electrons in the wave fields. We use a self-consistent kinetic simulation model to follow the evolution of the electrons as they interact with a short-duration wave pulse, which allows us to determine the parallel electric field of the shear Alfvén wave due to both electron inertia and electron pressure effects. The simulation demonstrates that electrons can be accelerated to keV energies in a modest amplitude sub-second period wave. We compare the parallel electric field obtained from the simulation with those provided by fluid approximations.     

Whistler waves in plasmas with time-varying magnetic field: Laboratory investigation

Modulation of whistler waves in a plasma with time-dependant magnetic field perturbations was investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed on large “Krot” device, which was specially designed to study space plasma physics phenomena. It is shown that magnetic field variations on the wave propagation path can lead to splitting of initially continuous whistler wave into the sequence of bursts, whose repetition rate corresponds to magnetic field perturbation period. The frequency inside each burst is changing from its front edge to the back edge. Relative shift of the wave frequency can be as large as the relative magnetic disturbance. Distortion of whistler wave frequency spectrum after its passing through magnetically disturbed areas can be used as a diagnostics for low-frequency magnetic field variations. The applicability of our laboratory results to space plasma is discussed.     

A model for stochastic acceleration of electrons during geomagnetic storms

The theory of resonant diffusion is extended to fully relativistic plasmas, and we examine resonant interactions between electrons and electromagnetic R mode (whistler) and L-mode (EMIC) waves. Resonant diffusion curves are constructed for plasma parameters representative of the Earth's storm time magnetosphere, both inside and outside the plasmapause. EMIC waves can resonate with electrons > 1 MeV, but the energies remain nearly constant along the diffusion curves. Storm-time EMIC waves can induce rapid pitch—angle scattering, but the waves are ineffective for stochastic acceleration of elections. Substantial energy change can occur along the diffusion curves for interactions between resonant electrons and whistler—mode waves, especially in regions of low plasma density. Specifically, whistlers can accelerate electrons from energies near 100 keV to above 1 MeV outside the plasmapause. A model is proposed comprising energy diffusion by whistler-mode chorus and pitch-angle scattering by EMIC waves to account for the gradual acceleration of electrons over the region 4 ≤ L ≤ 6 during the recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm.