FSO链路中基于平均信噪比的自适应功率传输技术

文章提出了 1种基于平均信噪比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio,SNR)的自适应功率传输技术,旨在补偿大气湍流引起的闪烁效应,以提升自由空间光(Free-Space Optical,FSO)通信系统的性能。在无需大气湍流状态信息估计的情况下,根据接收信号的平均 SNR来调整发射信号的发射功率,实现基于自适应功率传输技术的大气湍流效应补偿。建立了不同湍流强度下具有不同噪声水平的信道模型,并将所提出的技术与固定阈值判决(Fixed Threshold Deci-sion,FTD)和自适应阈值判决(Adaptive Threshold Decision,ATD)技术进行了比较分析。仿真结果表明,在不同的湍流强度下,该技术的误码率(Bit Error Rate,BER)性能相较于 FTD有了显著的提高,并且接近于 ATD。因此,该技术可以有效提高 FSO链路的通信能力。     

Results from a Four-Element Adaptive Antenna Experiment

Experimental results from a four-element, linear, half-wavelength spacing, adaptive-array antenna under the control of the least mean square (LMS) algorithm are presented. The array is found to be capable of nulling a 70-MHz signal to -35 dB below a desired signal over a 5-MHz bandwidth. The antenna processing gain is constant over a desired signal-to-jammer signal power ratio range from -20 dB to 5 dB. A sharp reduction in processing gain is observed for angular separations between jammer and desired signal of less than 10°. Antenna patterns taken with weights set in 300 iterations of the LMS algorithm show that the one strong, one weak jammer combination has a longer weight convergence time and reduced processing gain compared with a two strong jammers combination. Contours of constant desired signal-to-jammer signal power ratio, after adaptive antenna processing, reveal a complex shape for communication between air and ground due to the finite angular resolution of the adaptive antenna.     

Adaptive canceler and pulse compressor interactions

Performance results for the sidelobe level of a compressed pulse that has been preprocessed through an adaptive canceler are obtained. The adaptive canceler is implemented using the sampled matrix inversion algorithm. Because of finite sampling, the quiescent compressed pulse sidelobe levels are degraded due to the preprocessing of the main channel input data stream (the uncompressed pulse) through an adaptive canceler. It is shown that if N is the number of input canceler channels (main and auxiliaries) and K is the number of independent samples per channel, then K/N can be significantly greater than one in order to retain sidelobes that are close to the original quiescent sidelobe level (with no adaptive canceler). Also it is shown that the maximum level of degradation is independent of whether pulse compression occurs before or after the adaptive canceler if the uncompressed pulse is completely contained within the K samples that are used to calculate the canceler weights. This same analysis can be used to predict the canceler noise power level that is induced by having the desired signal present in the canceler weight calculation     

基于旁路溢流原理的流体脉动主动控制

 随着现代飞机液压系统向高压、大功率方向发展，周期性流体脉动更容易在液压能源系统中产生流固耦合振动，导致液压管路疲劳破坏。针对被动式流体脉动抑制方法不具备自适应性、对低频脉动抑制效果差等缺点，提出了基于旁路溢流原理的流体脉动主动控制方法，即在与能源主管路连通的分叉管路上安装压电陶瓷驱动伺服阀主动消振器，通过主动消振器的溢流产生次级脉动波与主管路中原有压力波相互抵消，使管路中流体脉动减小。并针对流体脉动周期性特点，提出一种在线频率估计的自适应前馈控制方法，利用参考传感器测量泵源脉动信号，在线获取脉动频率，并以此频率构造控制器的参考输入信号，实现对流体脉动的主动控制。为验证所提方法的有效性，设计了主动消振实验平台。实验结果表明，所提出的脉动主动控制方法具备很强的自适应性，能对流体脉动进行很好的抑制。     

Improved Feedback Loop for Adaptive Arrays

This paper is concerned with the problem of time constants in adaptive arrays. The paper presents a improved form of an adaptive array feedback loop, which has the property that its time constants are fixed. This property is an advantage over the well-known least mean square (LMS) loop, for which time constants depend on received signal power. Fixed time constants are of interest because they simplify dynamic range problems for adaptive arrays in communication and radar systems.     

Narrowband interference suppression in impulsive channels

Suppression algorithms are developed first for a channel containing only impulsive background noise and then for a channel containing a spread-spectrum signal as well. These algorithms are based on nonlinear filters that produce predictions of the interfering signals that are then subtracted from the received signal to suppress the interference. Several such filters, including both fixed and adaptive ones, are proposed and compared using extensive computer simulations. The independence of the filtering procedures from the noise distribution shape, given constant second-order statistics, is shown     

Effects of Band Limiting on the Detection of Binary Signals

PCM/NRZ systems operating in the presenceof noise and in a band-limited channel areconsidered. Two types of bit detectors arestudied, integrate and dump, and sample. Theincreased signal power needed to give thesame performance as an optimum detectorand a broad-band channel is computed. Theresults depend on the bit pattern. The averageeffect of band-limiting over all bit patternsand two extreme cases are plotted for eachdetector. The results show that integrate anddump is always superior to sample and that ifthe sample detector is used, one should bandlimit before sampling at a frequency of 0.6times the bit rate.     

两种自适应方向图峰值副瓣控制方法比较

自适应阵列（或称自适应波束形成）目前已广泛应用到雷达、声纳和通信领域中用来抑制各种干扰（有意的干扰，杂波干扰和多用户干扰等）。在雷达应用中，为了减轻脉冲欺骗式干扰或旁瓣目标并利用单脉冲雷达来准确测量目标波达方向．要求自适应方向图具有低副瓣和稳定的主瓣形状。在实际应用中，各种失配误差将降低自适应阵列的性能．这些误差包括由于目标的波达方向不精确引起的信号指向误差，由通道失配和位置扰动引起的阵列校准误差和由小样本教引起的协方差矩阵估计误差。在此情况下，自适应波束形成的性能大大下降（干扰抑制性能变差。主瓣失真和高的副瓣）。已提出了一种基于二次约束的集成峰值副瓣控制（integrated peak sidelobe control，简称IPSC）方法。该方法可以精确地控制峰值副瓣电平并产生具有稳定的主瓣形状的自适应方向图。研究IPSC中目标信号的影响和信号消除方案以进一步提高IPSC的性能。并将IPSC方法和最新提出的基于二阶锥规划（second-order cone programming，简称SOCP）的分布式峰值副瓣控制（distfibuted peak sidelobe control，简称为DPSC）新方法在性能上进行了比较。仿真结果表明。在干扰抑制性能和方向图控制质量方面IPSC比DPSC性能优越。此外IPSC比DPSC计算高效。     

基于Kalman滤波的高频CW电报信号自动识别

针对强噪声背景下高频CW电报信号检测算法性能严重下降、误码率较高的问题,文章提出一种基于卡尔曼滤波的高频CW电报信号同步检测识别算法。利用自同步法对CW电报信号实现位同步,进而利用卡尔曼滤波针对时变干扰噪声设置自适应阈值,对信号能量进行软判决,实现CW电报信号的自适应跟踪检测,提取有效信号进行识别。通过短波信道仿真软件和实际短波通信测试表明,该算法能够在强噪声背景下有效检测识别CW电报信号,且算法可由迭代实现。     

A flexible processor for a digital adaptive array radar

A digital beamforming processor for an adaptive array radar is described. The functionality and the architecture of the processor are strongly driven by a goal of achieving adaptive null depths in the 60-dB to 70-dB range, which necessitates substantial preprocessing of each channel. In particular, conversion to baseband quadrature channels is accomplished digitally using a single A/D converter per channel, and FIR (finite impulse response) equalizing filters are employed in each channel to match channel transfer functions. The processor is highly modular, and this not only distributes the total processing load, but also the I/O (input/output) bandwidth requirement. This is accomplished by distributing the adaptive beamforming algorithm systolically across a linear array of processing nodes. The processor is expandable to a different number of channels and sufficiently flexible to be applied to other problems of an array signal processing nature. Experimental data presented demonstrate that the processor is capable of supporting channel-to-channel cancellation of interfering signals to the level of -65 dB     

Robust speed sensorless induction motor drive

A speed sensorless induction motor (IM) drive with robust control characteristics is introduced. First, a speed observation system, which is insensitive to the variations of motor parameters, is derived based on the concept of sliding mode. Next, an integral-proportional (IP) speed controller using the estimated speed signal is designed to stabilize the speed loop. Then, to preserve the robust control performance under parameter variations and external load disturbance, an adaptive uncertainty observer with feedforward control is proposed. The adaptive uncertainty observer is implemented to estimate the lump of uncertainty of the controlled plant. To increase the accuracy of the estimated values, the speed observation system is implemented using a digital signal processor (DSP) with a high sampling rate     

Mobility control of unmanned aerial vehicle as communication relay in airborne multi-user systems

In this paper, a model-based adaptive mobility control method for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) acting as a communication relay is presented, which is intended to improve the network performance in airborne multi-user systems. The mobility control problem is addressed by jointly considering unknown Radio Frequency(RF) channel parameters, unknown multi-user mobility, and non-available Angle of Arrival(AoA) information of the received signal. A Kalman filter and a least-square-based estimation algorithm are used to predict the future user positions and estimate the RF channel parameters between the users and the UAV, respectively. Two different relay application cases are considered: end-to-end and multi-user communications. A line search algorithm is proposed for the former, with its stability given and proven, whereas a simplified gradient-based algorithm is proposed for the latter to provide a target relay position at each decision time step, decreasing the two-dimensional search to a one-dimensional search. Simulation results show that the proposed mobility control algorithms can drive the UAV to reach or track the optimal relay position movement, as well as improving network performance. The proposed method reflects the properties of using different metrics as objective network performance functions.     

基于维特比算法解调GMSK信号分析

文中介绍了二进制GMSK信号带宽占用率、数据预编码方案和利用维特比算法相干解调二进制GMSK信号的调制解调方法,给出了不同BT乘积情况下解析功率谱密度和模拟误码率结果,定量分析了邻信道干扰结果。结果说明,利用维特比算法解调4GMSK信号可以在满足接收机性能的基础上简化设计。     

An active vibration control method based on energy-fuzzy for cantilever structures excited by aerodynamic loads

In wind tunnel tests for the full-model fixed with sting, the low structural damping of the long cantilever sting results in destructive low-frequency and large-amplitude vibration. In order to obtain high-quality wind tunnel test data and ensure the safety of wind tunnel tests, an energy-fuzzy adaptive PD (Proportion Differentiation) control method is proposed. This method is used for active vibration control of a cantilever structure under variable aerodynamic load excitation, and real-time adjustment of parameters is achieved according to the system characteristics of vibration energy. Meanwhile, a real-time method is proposed to estimate the real-time vibration energy through the vibration acceleration signal, and the average exciting power of aerodynamic load is obtained by deducting the part of the power contributed by the vibration suppressor from the total power. Furthermore, an energy-fuzzy adaptive PD controller is proposed to achieve adaptive control to the changes of the aerodynamic load. Besides, the subsonic and transonic experiments were carried out in wind tunnel, the results revealed that comparing to fixed gain PD controllers, the energy-fuzzy adaptive PD controller maintains higher performance.     

Decoupling and tracking control of induction motor drive

This work introduces an adaptive observation system and a robust control system for achieving the favorable decoupling control and high-precision speed tracking property of an induction motor (IM) drive system. First, an adaptive observation system with an inverse rotor time-constant observer is derived on the basis of model reference adaptive system (MRAS) theory to preserve the decoupling control characteristic of an indirect field-oriented IM drive. The adaptive observation system is implemented using a digital signal processor (DSP) with a high sampling rate to make it possible to achieve good dynamics. Moreover, a robust control system is developed based on the principle of computed torque control. In the robust control system, a grey uncertainty predictor is utilized to adapt the lumped uncertainty on line to relax the requirement of the lumped uncertainty in the design of a computed torque speed controller. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed observation and control systems is verified by simulated and experimental results.     

机载供电系统双余度控制器的容错控制

介绍双发（Twin-engines）系统的战斗机的机载供电系统控制器的设计和实现。机载供电系统控制器是管理飞机的供电系统的航空电子设备,是飞机供电系统的核心设备,肩负飞机安全的使命。为了提高控制器的可靠性和灵活性,放弃传统的模拟方法,使用先进的数字化技术实现对飞机供电、配电系统的管理。在设计中为了提高可靠性,使用主动复制的容错技术,设计了双余度控制器,在发生单通道错误的情况下,整个系统能够正确工作。对机载供电系统控制器容错技术进行了研究,包括双余度系统的管理策略、同步控制机制、余度管理和故障综合、信号比较监控和通道切换逻辑。     

Median cascaded canceller for robust adaptive array processing

A median cascaded canceller (MCC) is introduced as a robust multichannel adaptive array processor. Compared with sample matrix inversion (SMI) methods, it is shown to significantly reduce the deleterious effects of impulsive noise spikes (outliers) on convergence performance of metrics; such as (normalized) output residue power and signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). For the case of no outliers, the MCC convergence performance remains commensurate with SMI methods for several practical interference scenarios. It is shown that the MCC offers natural protection against desired signal (target) cancellation when weight training data contains strong target components. In addition, results are shown for a high-fidelity, simulated, barrage jamming and nonhomogenous clutter environment. Here the MCC is used in a space-time adaptive processing (STAP) configuration for airborne radar interference mitigation. Results indicate the MCC produces a marked SINR performance improvement over SMI methods.     

基于自适应修正曼哈顿距离的室内定位方法

在室内WiFi环境下,针对常见指纹匹配算法所忽略的信号波动问题,提出了一种基于自适应修正曼哈顿距离和AP选择的指纹匹配算法,并结合加权K近邻方法实现定位。首先采用AP选择算法获取部分受干扰程度小和出现频率高的AP,在指纹匹配时仅使用该部分AP的接收信号强度进行计算;在分析WiFi信号传播衰减公式和信号波动的基础上,提出了将自适应修正曼哈顿距离作为指纹匹配的度量距离,使用该距离旨在平滑信号波动对指纹相似度计算的影响;最后采用加权K近邻方法估计测试点的坐标。实验结果表明,在加权K近邻方法的框架下,基于自适应修正曼哈顿距离的定位算法在定位精度上优于基于欧氏距离、曼哈顿距离、余弦距离和Sorensen距离的定位算法。     

Distortion minimization for multimedia transmission in NOMA HAP-UAV integrated aerial access networks

Aerial access networks have been envisioned as a promising 6G solution to enhance the ground communication systems in both coverage and capacity. To better utilize the spectrum and fully explore different channel characteristics, this paper constructs an integrated network comprising the High Altitude Platform (HAP) and Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) with the Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technology. In order to improve the transmission quality of images and videos, a power management scheme is proposed to minimize the distortion of the transmissions from the HAP and UAVs to the terminals. The power control is formulated as a non-convex problem constrained by the maximal transmit power and the minimal terminal rate requirements. The variable substitution and the first-order Tailor’s expansion is used to transform it into a sequence of convex problems, which are subsequently solved through the gradient projection method. Simulation demonstrates the signal distortion and error rate improvement achieved by the proposed algorithm.     

Statistical Analysis of Wide-Band Pseudorandom Matched Filter Sonars

A stochastic model of pseudorandom (PR) signals is adopted and a statistical analysis carried out of the velocity (i. e., Doppler) and acceleration tolerances of wide-band PR matched filter sonar systems. The reference functions for these correlation detection systems are considered to be time-compressed or time-expanded replicas of the transmitted signal. Results are derived for the case of a PR signal having a flat power spectral density over a finite bandwidth. It is shown that the velocity and acceleration tolerances are essentially independent of the signal bandwidth and that therefore the radar-derived expressions for the narrow-band tolerances can be extended to the wide-band sonar case. An interesting result is that the derived acceleration tolerance is approximately three times the widely used estimate that is based on the target remaining in the same Doppler channel over the integration time.