TinyOS体系结构及通讯机制分析

TinyOS是由加州大学伯利克分校开发的针对无线传感器网络的开源嵌入式操作系统,它采用一种基于组件(Component-Based)的架构方式,能够快速实现各种应用。通过对CntToRfm应用组件的分析来说明TinyOS的体系结构以及TinyOS程序运行机制和通讯机制。对TinyOS的分析是按照消息从上层组件到下层组件逐层传递的顺序来分析介绍的,其中各组件之间通过接口连接,组件是接口的实现。通过分析组件,可以全面了解TinyOS的体系结构和通讯机制,为更好的了解和应用TinyOS提供参考和依据。     

CGI——一种交互图形设计的通用接口

 CGI(CADEMAS Graphics Interface)是一种通用的与设备独立的高级用户图形接口。我们将说明它与国际图形标准的区别。CGI已在几种图形仪上实现。本文侧重介绍CGI的IBM 5080版本,且说明它的特点。最后是若干工程实例。     

Current status, architecture, and future technologies for theInternational Space Station electric power system

The Electric Power System (EPS) being built for the International Space Station has undergone several significant changes over the last year, as major design decisions have been made for the overall station. While the basic topology and system elements have remained the same, there are important differences in connectivity, assembly sequence, and start-up. The key drivers for these changes in architecture have been the goal to simplify verification, and most significantly, the introduction of extensive Russian participation in the program. Having the Russians join the international community in this project has resulted in an expanded station size, larger crew, and almost doubled the observable surface of the Earth covered by the station. For the power system it has meant additional interfaces for power transfer, and new challenges for solar tracking at the higher inclination orbit. This paper reviews the current architecture and emphasizes the new features that have evolved, as the design for the new, larger station has developed. Additionally, the possible application of developing technology to the station, and other future missions is considered     

COTS software design minimizes ATS lifecycle cost

This paper identifies the design features of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) software that impact the lifecycle cost of automatic test system (ATS) solutions and provides a set of design guidelines. It demonstrates that the architecture of COTS software must be modular, based on correct functional allocation, should possess distribution capabilities, and contain open interfaces that remain backwards compatible. In the case of COTS development tools, the programmatic interface should be simple, extensible, and enforced in the development environment.     

基于 FACE 思想的软件通用运行环境设计

未来机载能力环境（FACE）思想由美国军方、工业界和学术界共同发起,它针对机载航空电子软件系统提出了一种新的业务模型和参考架构。通过制定参考架构核心元素间的接口标准以及定义基于共识的通用数据模型可以为软件模块的跨平台重用提供便利。本文通过分析 FACE 参考架构的核心思想,结合实现层面的具体考虑,提出了软件通用运行环境的设计方案,旨在硬件计算平台上进一步搭建一个软件计算平台,使得应用软件模块在能够正常运行的基础上尽可能地实现“一次开发,多次应用”。     

COTS based open systems for military avionics

The DoD has many acquisition programs that are aggressively implementing open architecture principles in new avionics systems. Since “open” is an unclear attribute, projects eventually give in to a point solution that has no flexibility to cost effectively keep up with rapid changes in technology. The Open Systems Development Initiative (OSDI) project utilized COTS products to study the feasibility of building an open system that has plug-and-play capabilities. Lessons learned from the AV-8B Open Systems Core Avionics Requirements (OSCAR) and the F/A-18 Advanced Mission Computers and Displays (AMC&D) programs clearly indicated that understanding the underlying interfaces is crucial to keeping the system as open as possible to take advantage of the rapid changes in technology. A matrix of Key Open Standard Interfaces (KOSI), called the KOSI matrix, was developed and an applicable standard was identified for each interface. A list of non-conforming interfaces was also identified and the use of extensions or wrappers was investigated in an attempt to comply with standards. Standardization, rather than optimization of such interfaces, was considered more beneficial. It became evident that, with the exception of ruggedization, there is no difference in the use of COTS products for either commercial or military systems. Performing a KOSI analysis helped identify the key interfaces and standards, thus enabling the OSDI system to be scalable, portable and interoperable. A good KOSI matrix provides a vehicle for clear communication and helps systems integration and technology insertion to be less painful than what it is today. It helps reduce time-to-market and provides guidance to systems engineers and vendors to keep the system open     

Technology roll lessons learned on embedded avionics platforms

Open system architectures based on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) building block components offer the ability to leverage the latest technology into fielded products while minimizing the impact to the operational flight software, typically the most costly component of an avionics development or upgrade. Our team has developed a layered hardware and software approach based on industry standard hardware and software interfaces to abstract the application (operational) software developers from the underlying technology rolls to the hardware and operating system software that naturally occur as part of the commercial marketplace, A technology roll is defined as the replacement of a current product with a subsequent generation of a product from the same product family. In this article, we describe the components and the layered architecture of our open system architecture approach. We discuss specific system, hardware, and software technology insertions that incorporate the latest available technology and how these changes have been abstracted from the application software. The article concludes by discussing lessons Learned from the use of these common components and corresponding technology rolls across various platforms     

某型涡轴发动机的故障检测和诊断集成系统

介绍了气路分析法、人工神经网络和故障树分析法在航空发动机故障诊断中的应用 ,描述了采用这些方法开发的状态监视与故障诊断系统的结构、界面、数据库系统、神经网格和故障树     

A cost effective critical space systems design approach

NASA-ISC requires avionics platforms capable of serving a wide range of applications in a cost-effective manner. In part, making the avionics platform cost effective means adhering to open standards and supporting the integration of COTS products with custom products. Inherently, operation in space requires low power, mass, and volume while retaining high performance, reconfigurability, scalability, and upgradability. The Universal Mini-Controller (UMC) project is based on a modified PC/104-Plus architecture while maintaining full compatibility with standard COTS PC/104 products. The architecture consists of a library of stackable building block modules, which can be mixed and matched to meet a specific application. A set of NASA developed core building blocks, (e.g. processor card, analog input/output card, high level analog card, and a Mil-Std-1553 card) were constructed to meet critical functions and unique interfaces     

Neural networks in nonlinear aircraft flight control

This paper describes an approach for incorporating a neural network with real-time learning capability in a flight control architecture. The architecture is also applicable, in general, for the control of processes described by nonlinear differential equations of motion in which there exists a control for each degree of freedom. The main features are that the defining equations of motion for the process to be controlled are poorly known with respect to their functional forms, and that the functional forms, themselves, may undergo sudden and unexpected variation. It is well known that such systems are difficult to control, particularly when the effect of the control action enters nonlinearly. Numerical results based on 6DOF simulations of a high performance aircraft are presented to illustrate the potential benefits of incorporating neural networks as a part of a flight control system architecture     

面向流场计算的并行计算机结构研究

分析了流场计算的基本特点 ;提出了用于流场计算的、基于 Transputer的动态星形立方体 ( DSC)结构。证明对于流场计算 ,采用 DSC结构在一定程度上优于目前常用的超立方体和超环两种结构。其优点是 :通信算法简单 ;系统扩充方便 ;全局性通信性能好。最后以实例说明了DSC结构在流场计算中的应用     

基于虚拟无线电技术的航天测控系统设计

为了适应未来航天测控系统的发展趋势,提出了VRTCS（虚拟无线电测控系统）硬件平台和软件系统的基本结构。以通用高性能计算机作为系统的硬件平台,采用分层结构模型设计系统体系结构,使得航天测控系统具备更好的通用性和灵活性。阐述了VRTCS的基本概念和总体结构,对系统各组成部分的功能、组成和用途进行了分析;对测控系统中构件进行分层设计,开发原型软件实现测控系统的核心应用;以统一载波测控系统为模型,通过测控信号接入试验,验证了VRTCS的可行性。     

Next generation digital GPS receiver

The architecture and technology features of the next-generation (NGR) digital GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver manufactured by Collin are described. The project's objective was to develop an advanced GPS receiver chipset with high antijam capabilities. The program, initiated in 1985, has provided the technology for miniature receiver products for both unmanned and manned vehicle applications. A two-channel version of the receiver is in full-scale development for tactical missile applications. A five-channel version is being tested and evaluated as a drop-in replacement for RCVR-3A, the US Department of Defense standard high dynamic receiver. The NGR design started with the digital signal processing architecture developed for the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) hand-held GPS receiver. Enhancements were made to improve the antijam and signal acquisition performance. Producible, qualifiable and cost-effective silicon monolithic microwave integrated circuits and semicustom digital technologies were used to develop the core GPS chipset. A system design approach was established to permit reuse of mature and validated GPS software     

基于模型的民机自动飞行功能分析与设计

描述了民用飞机自动飞行系统基于模型的功能分析与架构设计过程。该研究采用符合现代系统工程理念的模型化设计形式,表明和确认系统功能在各种运行决策、人机交互和外部环境中的变化。它针对系统级功能静态、动态特性进行结构化分析和设计,系统性地研究外部对象、应用用例、功能逻辑、交联时序和状态跳转,在确认模型的合理性后生成逻辑架构与接口,将设计需求进行分配,用于设计实现和软硬件架构。该研究通过对飞行导引、自动推力、自动着陆、机组通告等功能的可用性和完整性进行分析检验,改进了功能需求设计。     

An annunciator architecture for the year 2000

Exciting new safeguards and security technologies are on the horizon, and some are even on the shelves today. Self-testing sensors, smart sensors, and intelligent alarm analyzers are all designed to provide useful information to the operator. However, today's current annunciator systems were not designed to accommodate these new technologies. New display technologies are also changing the look and feel of the annunciator of the future. Annunciator technology needs to “catch up” to these other security technologies. This paper presents the concept for a new, object-oriented approach to annunciator architecture design. The new architecture could accommodate simple, switch-closure devices as well as information-rich sensors and intelligent analyzers. In addition the architecture could allow other leading-edge interfaces to be easily integrated into the annunciator system. These technologies will reduce operator workload and aid the operator in making informed security decisions     

基于MBD的商用航空发动机控制软件架构设计

发动机全权限数控技术（FADEC）在商用航空发动机中广泛应用,软件是核心。基于模型设计（MBD）是FADEC软件开发的趋势,但考虑发动机电子控制器（EEC）硬件资源、扩展性等因素,对软件结构设计、MBD与非MBD接口定义等架构问题带来新挑战。在大客发动机验证机电子控制器先期试验平台上,对基于MBD的发动机控制软件设计问题进行了研究,开展了基于MBD的软件架构设计、集成工作,验证结果表明,软件架构设计方案合理可行。     

Open systems avionics network to replace MIL-STD-1553

This paper is a proposal for a future method of avionics data communication. The need for this proposal results from the shortcomings in the current avionics architecture, video distribution network, and in the MIL-STD-1553 data communication system. The separately wired video and data communication systems can be combined to save weight, which is especially critical for rotorcraft. Aircraft, once fielded, have limited capacity for modification and improvement due to fixed computer throughput and processing performance, network bandwidth, and space available in the avionics equipment bays. The changes proposed by this paper are to be made in conjunction with the replacement of the redundant computer boxes with open system avionics functions on industry standard circuit cards. This open architecture approach was developed over the last ten years and is now being implemented in many aircraft applications including the F-22 and the RAH-66 programs. The V-22 rotorcraft, which although just entering production, is being modified for joint service customers where modern computer performance and expanded data network bandwidth is needed. The changes of this proposal will fill this need, reduce the weight of upcoming production models, and provide growth or spare capability so that additional video and data components can be added with minimal effect on existing components. This paper examines the current V-22 avionics video and data communication hardware and wiring and propose a new implementation of open system architecture standards with integrated digital video and data communication based on ANSI standard copper fibre channel     

车载实时控制模块设计与实现

随着车载任务系统综合化的不断提高,对实时控制模块要求控制处理的内容也越来越多,不仅需要控制许多端口,还要进行算法的解算。介绍了一种高性能的实时控制模块的设计方案,方案包括了车载实时控制模块的系统结构、硬件设计及其软件配置。在硬件设计中详细描述了各个功能模块实现的方法。该系统基于美国模拟器件公司最先进的Tiger Shark 201 DSP处理器,该模块支持PCI、CPCI总线、A／D转换、数据存储等功能。     

An innovative commercial avionics architecture for militarytanker/transport platforms

Honeywell has implemented a versatile integrated avionics (VIA) architecture in several advanced commercial flight deck applications ensuring a military tie to future commercial upgrades related to global air traffic management functions. The VIA architecture can also be easily extended to meet unique military requirements of the advanced military flight decks for military tanker/transport upgrade programs. The subtle changes in the architecture are a result of unique equipment interfaces and unique military equipment such as communications radios, identification friend or foe, station keeping equipment and defensive systems which must be integrated within the architecture. The ability to integrate both commercial and military functions in the same high integrity computing platform truly offers the military the best of both worlds     

DSMS悬挂物的初始化和控制流程研究

首先指出了数字式悬挂物管理系统(DSMS)的先进性,分析了其组成和接口,然后重点研究了DSMS悬挂物的初始化和控制,包括各状态系列、接口控制动作、标准消息数据格式,进而以流程图的形式概括了整个过程.