伺服小翼对小型共轴式直升机操稳特性的影响

运用经典的叶素法和一阶谐波理论,推导了计入气动干扰的伺服小翼挥舞动力学方程,建立了带有伺服小翼的小型共轴式直升机飞行动力学模型,以在研的某小型共轴式无人直升机为研究对象,通过数值法计算了该型直升机的稳定性导数和操纵导数。结合直升机的飞行试验,分析了不同安装形式的伺服小翼对小型共轴式直升机的稳定性和操纵性的影响。研究表明:伺服小翼对小型共轴式直升机的稳定性和操纵性有较大的影响,不同安装形式的伺服小翼对直升机的影响不同,其中采用上旋翼加装伺服小翼的直升机操稳特性较好。     

共轴式直升机悬停纵向稳定性和操纵性分析

基于准静态假设，研究了共轴式直升机悬停纵向稳定和操纵性，给出了稳定性条件和动稳定性与静稳定性的关系及改善稳定性的方法；最后给出了气动导数和悬停高度对稳定性和操纵性的影响。研究表明：共轴式直升机悬停纵向振动运动主要表现为不稳定的周期性运动，而静稳定性和静操纵特性是成正比的。研究结果对进一步研究共轴式直升机的纵缶操纵稳性能具有一定的参考价值。     

共轴式直升机双旋翼载荷计算模型研究

理论计算和实验测量表明,共轴式直升机在悬停、前飞状态下,上下旋翼桨盘处轴向诱导速度分布与单旋翼直升机的相类似,本文根据共轴式直升机双旋翼这一特点,引入气动力相互干扰因子,将单旋翼直升机一阶谐波形式的Pitt-Peters静态非均匀入流模型推广到共轴式直升机,建立了一种共轴双旋翼载荷计算模型,为共轴式直升机飞行动力学建模作前期准备。以某共轴双旋翼为研究对象进行载荷计算,并与国外计算结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好。      

共轴式直升机飞行动力学仿真数学模型研究

 在讨论共轴双旋翼气动干扰模型的基础上,建立了一种共轴式直升机飞行动力学仿真数学模型。以某型共轴式直升机为样例机,在定直水平飞行条件下进行配平计算,并与国外计算结果作了对比分析,两者基本一致。给出了共轴式直升机在不同操纵输入下的动态响应数值模拟结果。仿真计算表明,所建模型能够刻画共轴式直升机运动的基本特征。     

共轴式直升机自转下滑着陆飞行轨迹近似计算

介绍了直升机自转下滑的概念，对自转下滑着陆过程中的能量转换进行了分析，以能量法计算为基础。根据共轴式直升机的特点，介绍了共轴式直升机诱导功率的计算方法，引入了计算自转下滑着陆轨迹的控制模型，根据该控制模型，用数值计算得出了某轻型共轴式直升机的自转下滑着陆轨迹，其结果可为飞行员实施自转着陆提供参考。     

轻型共轴式直升机回避区近似计算

介绍了直升机回避区的意义和生成，并指出影响回避区范围的主要因素是直升机重量、旋翼的转动惯量和密度高度等；拟定了计算轻型共轴式直升机回避区的方法，该方法考虑到共轴式直升机的氯动特点，对国外无因次高度－速度曲线法进行了某些修改，使用此方法对某轻型共轴式直升机的回避区进行了计算，得到了较好的结果。该结果与国外某轻型直升机回避区的飞行试验结果比较接近。     

共轴式直升机旋翼气动干扰对航向操纵的影响

利用共轴式旋翼风洞实验结果，结合轻型共轴式直升机M16飞行中的现象，分析了上下旋翼气动干扰对共轴式直升机过渡飞行中航向操纵的影响。介绍了直升机由悬停转入垂直上升、平飞中加减速和转入爬升与下滑等过程中，由于上下旋翼干扰发生了变化，使直升机航向发生偏转后飞机的反应情况，以及在这种情况下应进行的相应操纵。所得结果对研究共轴式直升机的操稳特性有重要意义。     

共轴式直升机桨毂阻力特性计算研究

共轴式直升机桨毂迎风面积大,表面结构复杂,产生的气动阻力占全机废阻的50%以上。采用求解N-S方程的方法对某型共轴式直升机桨毂的阻力特性进行了计算,分别研究了飞行速度、上下桨毂方位角和计算模型尺寸的变化对桨毂阻力特性的影响。通过分析计算结果发现上下支臂的气动阻力比较大,直升机飞行速度、上下桨毂方位角和计算模型尺寸变化对桨毂阻力的影响比较小。研究结果可为直升机桨毂减阻设计、阻力特性风洞试验和数值计算等提供一定的参考。     

共轴式直升机地面共振的旋翼参数影响分析

建立了共轴式直升机地面共振分析模型,采用特征值分析法计算得到了直升机地面共振模态特性,分析了上下旋翼间距、旋翼摆振铰外伸量、摆振刚度及摆振阻尼比等旋翼设计参数对共轴式直升机动稳定性的影响。研究发现,减小上下旋翼间距可提高系统动稳定性,且不稳定中心远离工作转速;增大摆振刚度及旋翼摆振铰外伸量可提高系统动稳定性,且不稳定中心远离工作转速;增大摆振阻尼比可提高系统动稳定性,但不稳定中心稍接近工作转速。     

共轴式直升机的气动特性、操稳特性与机动性分析

从气动布局与气动特性入手,对比了共轴式直升机与单旋翼直升机的悬停、垂直飞行及前飞性能,分析了共轴式直升机的气动布局与操稳特性对其机动能力的影响,最后介绍了共轴式直升机两种特殊机动动作.     

基于系统分解的三自由度直升机控制仿真研究

三自由度直升机模型是多变量、非线性、强耦合的复杂控制对象,针对对象维数较高,控制器不易设计的问题,提出了一种基于系统分解的控制方法。首先建立了直升机的数学模型,并通过输入-状态线性化方法将模型线性化;其次将模型分解为两个子系统;最后分别采用无静差跟踪方法与PD控制方法设计子系统控制器。该方法通过模型分解,可大大降低控制器设计难度。仿真结果表明直升机姿态轨迹跟踪效果良好。     

Helicopter Motion: Equation Linearization

The nonlinear set of equations which represent helicopter motion is linearized about a prescribed nominal state. Once the linearized system is obtained it is validated by comparing the output of the nonlinear system to that of its linearized counterpart. Having obtained a linear model, linear system theory may then be applied in order to investigate the stability and control characteristics of the aircraft.     

Flight dynamics characteristics of canard rotor/wing aircraft in helicopter flight mode

The aerodynamic layout of the Canard Rotor/Wing(CRW) aircraft in helicopter flight mode differs significantly from that of conventional helicopters. In order to study the flight dynamics characteristics of CRW aircraft in helicopter mode, first, the aerodynamic model of the main rotor system is established based on the blade element theory and wind tunnel test results. The aerodynamic forces and moments of the canard wing, horizontal tail, vertical tail and fuselage are obtained via theoretical analysis and empirical formula. The flight dynamics model of the CRW aircraft in helicopter mode is developed and validated by flight test data. Next, a method of model trimming using an optimization algorithm is proposed. The flight dynamics characteristics of the CRW are investigated by the method of linearized small perturbations via Simulink. The trim results are consistent with the conventional helicopter characteristics, and the results show that with increasing forward flight speed, the canard wing and horizontal tail can provide considerable lift,which reflects the unique characteristics of the CRW aircraft. Finally, mode analysis is implemented for the linearized CRW in helicopter mode. The results demonstrate that the stability of majority modes increases with increasing flight speed. However, one mode that diverges monotonously,and the reason is that the CRW helicopter mode has a large vertical tail compared to the conventional helicopter. The results of the dynamic analysis provide optimization guidance and reference for the overall design of the CRW aircraft in helicopter mode, and the model developed can be used for control system design.     

基于UKF的共轴式无人直升机模型辨识

建立了共轴式无人直升机系统非线性模型,并针对其非线性强,不同飞行模态下气动参数差异等问题,将无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)引入共轴式直升机系统非线性模型辨识,不但避免了直升机线性模型仅仅适用于悬停模态的局限性,同时为直升机系统在线自适应控制提供了基础条件,使得共轴式无人直升机自主全包线飞行成为可能.以北京航空航天大学FH-1共轴式无人直升机为例进行了仿真辨识实验.实验结果表明基于该方法的共轴式直升机在线非线性模型辨识不依赖于参数初值的选取,模型参数能在10s内收敛,各状态量辨识精度达到80%以上,明显高于传统的预报误差法(PEM),具有一定的实用性.      

Sliding mode tracking control for miniature unmanned helicopters

A sliding mode control design for a miniature unmanned helicopter is presented. The control objective is to let the helicopter track some predefined velocity and yaw trajectories. A new sliding mode control design method is developed based on a linearized dynamic model. In order to facilitate the control design, the helicopter’s dynamic model is divided into two subsystems,such as the longitudinal-lateral and the heading-heave subsystem. The proposed controller employs sliding mode control technique to compensate for the immeasurable flapping angles’ dynamic effects and external disturbances. The global asymptotic stability(GAS) of the closed-loop system is proved by the Lyapunov based stability analysis. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed controller can achieve superior tracking performance compared with the proportionalintegral-derivative(PID) and linear-quadratic regulator(LQR) cascaded controller in the presence of wind gust disturbances.