Design and Performance of an Adaptive Kalman Receiver for Synchronous Data Transmission

A class of multilevel linear-modulation data-transmission systems, over unknown, slowly time-varying, and bandlimited channels is considered. It is shown how sequence estimation in the presence of Gaussian noise and intersymbol interference can be carried out by means of a discrete Kalman estimator. Moreover, the receiver can be provided with data-aided adaptive loops for performing channel identification, carrier recovery, and timing extraction. A computational method is presented to evaluate the average probability of error of the overall system in the presence of inter-symbol interference, additive noise, and phase-and sampling-synchronization errors. The method is based upon nonclassical one-and two-dimensional quadrature rules, which are outlined in the Appendix. As an example, numerical performance results related to a phase-shift-keying (PSK) system are given. The results are obtained by means of general-purpose and system-oriented computers.     

The Effects of Gaussian Interference on Communication Systemswith Adaptive Arrays

The performance of a bandlimited binary phase-shift-keyed (BPSK) communication system is examined when the received BPSK signal is corrupted by both thermal noise and a directional Gaussian noise interfering signal. The system uses an LMS adaptive array to suppress this interference. The effects of signal power levels, arrival angles, bandwidths, and the array bandwidth are examined. The performance of a system that uses tapped delay lines for the array weights is also examined. It is shown that the performance of a system with tapped delay lines is not affected by the interference bandwidth for a single interferer.     

Envelope Threshold Detection in a Class of Non-Gaussian Interference

This paper considers the detection of a sinusoidal or chirp signal imbedded in wideband FM interference (as might be generated by some types of active jamming), such that after pulse compression or other integration, the interference can be approximated by a sum of sinusoids of independent phase. The detection probability in such non-Gaussian noise is compared to that for Gaussian noise, with the Gaussian result approached, as required, in the limit that the number of sinusoids in the sum increases without bound. For detection using a comparison of the envelope with a threshold which yields a given false-alarm probability (CFAR detection), the detection probability is improved over the case of Gaussian noise, so that the usual approach basing the design on Gaussian noise would be conservative. Using a threshold determined from the envelope mean, the FM interference yields a lower false-alarm probability than for Gaussian noise, with detection probability only slightly degraded.     

基于SOA的光纤陀螺相对强度噪声抑制研究

为进一步提高光纤陀螺精度,抑制掺铒光纤光源的相对强度噪声(RIN),在利用半导体光放大器(SOA)对光源相对强度噪声进行抑制的基础上,实现了SOA光源一体化方案。经过原理分析并设计实验方案,对比实验前后的测试数据可以看出:处于增益饱和状态的半导体光放大器对光源相对强度噪声起到了抑制作用,抑制后陀螺的零偏稳定性由之前的千分之一提高到万分之五左右,精度提高1倍,随机游走系数减小到56%;另一方面,一体化方案的实现,使利用SOA抑制强度噪声的方案更易实现,操作更简单,有利于该项技术的进一步工程应用。     

Interference Immunity Effects in CPSK Systems with Hard-Limiting Transponders

Transmission characteristics are described for M-ary coherent phase-shift keyed (CPSK) systems with N-stage hard-limiting transponders where noise and multiple continuous wave (CW) interference sources are additively combined in each link. A general expression for the probability density function of the composite phase at the final link is derived; the overall error probability is then obtained from this general expression. Comparisons with N-cascaded linear amplifier systems clearly show the noise and interference immunity that result from the use of bandpass hard limiters (BPHLs). The BPHL system's error probability improvement versus interference sources is shown to be much larger than the improvement versus noise.     

外测数据处理中小波滤波的应用研究

针对外测数据的高精度和噪声复杂的特性,首先介绍了小波分析中几种滤波方法及其变形,然后结合空域滤波器建立外测数据的小波去噪模型,将它们应用于一维的高精度弹道数据去噪。实际结果表明,该类方法在保留特征段及有用信息的同时,有效地去除了随机噪声及其他干扰,比较传统去噪方法有明显优势。     

Signal Interference and Improvement of Signal-to-Noise Ratios in a Half-Wave Linear Detector

Signal interference in the half-wave linear detector has been studied only for amplitude modulation. In this paper, we treat signal interference for both an amplitude-and an angle-modulation communication system. The input to the half-wave linear detector is assumed to be composed of an amplitude-modulated wave, an angle-modulated wave, and narrow-band Gaussian noise. In particular, when strongweak relations exist in the input processes, a detailed analysis for the output component is presented to clarify some useful output properties.     

Data-Adaptive Detection of a Weak Signal

Motivated by a form of the likelihood-ratio-tesf statistic for detection of a rank-one Gaussian signal in colored Gaussian noise, we apply our earlier technique for estimation of a low-rank signal to the problem of estimating and subtracting the waveform of a strong sinusoidal interference prior to detection of a weak sinusoidal signal. We consider the difficult case in which samples of data are taken over a short interval of time or space and the frequencies of the sinusoidal signal and sinusoidal interference are more closely spaced than the reciprocal of the extent of the aperture. The method can be applied to cases of nonsinusoidal and/or random signals and interference. The most important assumption is that when the samples of the interference are arranged in matrix form the matrix is approximately of low rank in the sense that, with high probability, the interference-only matrix can be well approximated by a matrix of low rank.     

Effects of CW Interference on Narrow-Band Second-Order Phase-Lock Loops

This paper describes an experimental study of the effect of continuous wave (CW) interference and white noise on a second-order phase-lock loop. The reciprocal of the loop mean-square phase error is used as an index of performance, and the effect of interference levels that do not cause cycle skipping or loss of lock is described in terms of this index. Loop thresholds are determined by measurement of cycle-skipping rates. Stationary or slowly-sweeping CW interference caused a degradation in loop threshold of roughly 3 dB for every 6 dB of interference power above the noise power level. The effective loop signal-to-noise ratio was decreased approximately 1 dB at interference-to-noise power ratios of -3 dB. Interference levels equal to the signal level consistently caused loss of lock, regardless of the loop signal-to-noise ratio.     

激光脉冲法背温信号中噪声信号的滤除方法

针对激光脉冲法背温信号中存在的噪声干扰,通过频谱分析确定了噪声信号的频率范围,设计了相应的FIR数字滤波器,并对滤波后存在的残留噪声进行了递推平滑滤波.滤波前后的数据对比表明,该方法能有效滤波背温信号中的噪声.     

STFT及其在回声消除方面的应用

论述了STFT(Short-Time Fourier Transform)理论及其特点，设计了一个在桌面音频系统中由于麦克风和听筒的耦合而产生语音干扰(主要是回声)的消除系统，该系统利用STFT将所需信号和噪声信号变换到频域，通过频谱相减消除噪声。提出了一个基于多信道回声消除器的子带最小二乘滤波器理论分析和估算方法，该方法具有较强的自适应能力、算法收敛快、控制精度高。     

基于预估-反馈联合处理的射频噪声干扰抑制算法

针对强射频（RF）噪声干扰下脉压雷达目标检测概率较低的问题,提出了一种基于预估-反馈联合处理的射频噪声干扰抑制算法。首先,对回波信号进行盲源分离预处理,并利用分数阶傅里叶变换（FRFT）的特性对目标回波信号进行参数估计以及窄带滤波处理,滤除大部分干扰和噪声的能量;然后,在数据层运用M/N逻辑法进行点迹处理,并结合径向速度方向判决,实现对目标航迹的预估检测;最后,利用数据层对航迹状态的反馈实时修正滤波器参数,从而在信号层更好地滤除干扰能量,并对中断航迹进行剔除,完成射频噪声干扰的抑制。仿真结果表明：与现有射频噪声干扰抑制技术相比,所提算法具有更优的干扰抑制效果。     

An Analog Open-Loop Adaptive-Array Antenna System

A new open-loop adaptive-array system with excellent transient behavior is presented. The system is constructed of analog circuits and determines complex weights without using the feedback of the array output. The performance attainable with the system is described in detail. It is shown that the convergence rate of the system does not depend on a noise environment but is determined by the time constant of the low-pass filters included. Moreover, it is shown that although the steady-state performance is quite good when the interference sources differ widely in signal strength, the steady-state performance can be far below optimum when two or more interference sources are present at roughly equal power levels.     

一种射频噪声干扰信号品质因素改进方法

针对射频噪声干扰信号直接限幅引起的干扰信号品质降低问题,分析了射频噪声干扰直接限幅造成的影响,在射频噪声干扰信号品质因素理论模型基础上,提出 1种基于双地址序列读取的射频噪声干扰信号品质优化方法。通过设置双地址寻址方式,改进基带噪声数据读取方式,提高限幅条件下的射频噪声干扰信号品质因素。仿真实验表明,该优化方法能够在直接限幅条件下提高干扰信号的品质因素,并基于 FPGA进行了硬件测试,验证了该方法的可行性。     

Spatial adaptive subspace detection in OTH radar

The work presented here addresses the problem of target detection against spatially structured interference composed of jamming plus noise, where for practical reasons, the received target wavefront may also deviate from the traditional plane wave model. This detection problem arises in over-the-horizon (OTH) radar systems where spatially distributed targets often compete for detection against directional interference that is spread over the entire range-Doppler search space. Conventional detection processing schemes are compared with a recently proposed adaptive subspace detector (ASD) that takes both the spatial structure of the interference and the possibility of target wavefront distortions into account. Experimental array data recorded by the Jindalee sky-wave and Iluka surface-wave OTH radar systems, located in central and northern Australia respectively, is used to evaluate detection performance.     

High-Order Intermodulation Effects in Digital Satellite Channels

The phenomenon of intermodulation generation due to passive and normally linear components is sometimes called passive intermodulation. A unique characteristic of passive intermodulation interference in communications satellites is that the products causing trouble are of high orders. Due to the immense combinatorial complexity of the problem, both exact analysis and direct simulation are almost impossible. In this paper the problem is simplified by considering a composite interference model consisting of 1) the lowest order intermodulation product (of those high-order ones) at a frequency of interest, 2) a constant-envelope carrier with random phase to account for all other intermodulation interferences by direct overlap or spectrum spreading in the vicinity, and 3) white Gaussian noise (receiver noise). An approximation of the tail statistics of this composite interference is derived, and numerical results (checked by simulation) show that the tail distribution may be very different from Gaussian; careful consideration must be rendered before resorting to the a priori Gaussian assumption.     

The Effect of Interfering Signals on the Performance of Angle of Arrival Estimates

The performance of angle of arrival estimates using an array in the presence of interfering signals is evaluated using the Cramer-Rao bound. To do this, a model for interference is developed which presents the interference as narrowband, temporally white, but spatially correlated, noise. The bound is evaluated and it is shown to depend upon the ambiguity function of the array and spatial correlation matrix of the noise plus interference. Motivation of the model in the context of air traffic control and sonar surveillance is presented.     

飞机噪声技术研究——工程解决方法

 飞机噪声存在的3个问题：①机舱的噪声振动控制;②机场的噪声干扰;③某些部位的抗声疲劳设计。针对以上问题,综述了北京强度环境研究所进行过的飞行器噪声课题的研究工作,提出了大型飞机噪声问题的工程解决方法,包括：噪声载荷谱的确定;喷气噪声和客机机舱的噪声振动控制;声疲劳设计。研究了超声速喷流的相似准则,用热流缩比模型试验测定火箭的发射噪声载荷达到同样精度;对于飞机来说,实测比风洞测量更方便、更经济,实测气动噪声主要的困难是如何测量到真实的气动噪声,传声器的安装方法、飞行器表面的静压变化等;喷流噪声控制方法是冷空气缩比模型试验,介绍了冷空气缩比模型试验的原理和方法;论述了在结构的疲劳强度试验中必须采用统计分析方法的原理。从多方面论述了大型飞机噪声课题的研究,对于飞机的安全性、经济性、舒适性都是很重要的课题,对于发展中国大型飞机工程有很重要的现实意义。     

基于误码率准则的窄带干扰抑制算法性能分析

采用有效的窄带干扰抑制技术,可极大地改善扩频通信系统的性能.首先详细介绍了频域干扰抑制算法的基本思想,给出了算法实现的模块框图;其次具体分析了算法实现的关键技术：重叠加窗,背景噪声估计,干扰门限确定及干扰消除策略;最后以误码率作为干扰消除算法性能的评判标准,仿真分析了频域窄带干扰抑制技术中干扰强度、干扰频带宽度、干扰频率位置、干扰消除门限、陷幅值、加窗重叠度等因素对系统误码率的影响,为在不同条件下算法最佳参数的选取提供了依据.仿真结果表明：当干扰消除门限值取4aF,陷幅值取2σF～6σF,加窗重叠度为50％时,该算法可获得最佳抗干扰性能.     

Joint parameter and state estimation for stochastic uncertain system with multivariate skew t noises

Due to the pulse interference, measurement outliers and artificial modeling errors, the multivariate skew t noise widely exists in the real environment. However, to date, little attention has been paid to the state estimation for systems in which the process noise and the measurement noise are both modeled as the heavy-tailed and skew non-Gaussian noise. In this paper, the multivariate skew t distribution is utilized to model the heavy-tailed and skew non-Gaussian noise. Then a probabilistic gra...