举世瞩目的语言—Ada

概述了Ada语言的由来与发展、特点,西方推行Ada语言的政策和状态,Ada语言的软件工程环境以及国内推行Ada语言的策略和现状。     

Ada1750A编译程序

美国纽约高级计祘机技术公司,宣佈第一个以MIL-STD-1750A处理机为目标的Ada语言编译程序生效,投入使用。该公司的Ada/1750A交叉编译程序,是由Ada审批局于今年6月21日进行审批试验的。     

Pascal与Ada的比较

本文将比较 Pascal 和 Ada 这两种程序设计语言。Ada 以:Pascal 为基础,而它们的设计目标却截然不同。Pascal 是为教学设计的,而 Ada 是为较大的军用软件系统设计的。仅当 Pascal的局限性不致影响应用程序设计时,Pascal 的简明性才是方便的。     

实时系统的语言特征

本文以实时系统的特征为基础论述实时系统所必须的语言特征,并对现有程序设计语言 C,Jovial,Ada 做实时性分析。     

JOVIAL语言发展回顾

本文是对 JOVIAL 语言发展历史的回顾,从中我们可以了解JOVIAL 语言的设计意图,以及它在美国空军工程项目中所发挥的作用.文章最后还提到了 JOVIAL 向 Ada 的过渡问题.     

Ada可作为信号处理语言吗?

本文叙述用于多重处理机系统的一个信号处理应用程序。并探讨了 Ada 语言在信号处理中的适用性。特别在多重任务、同步和数据结据几个方面进行了研究。     

用于 F—15飞行测试的Ada软件

由 Ada 软件控制的数字飞行控制计算机已经在USAF/MCDONNEll Douqlas 研制的 F—15B 飞机上试飞成功,在加利福尼亚州的 Edwords 空军基地进行的一系列试验证明。Ada(“五角大楼”管理的下一代     

优化编译程序改进了RISC的性能

Oasys公司开发的优化编译程序的新系列为主要的32位RISC和其它微处理机提供了一组改进了的全局优化技术和“最有利的”代码生成技术。这个编译程序支持六种专用语言(Ada CC~(++),Fortran7,Fortran 90和Pascal)的前端机。可得到十三种通用微处理机(包括CISC和RISC机)的代码生成技术。专用语言前端机处理词汇分析程序,按照树型方式把原码分析成为程序的公用     

AWA—一种新研制的Ada编程测试环境

AWA(Ada Working Assistant)是一种新研制的编程测试环境,它有机地组合了各种有关的程序开发工具和实用程序,能够对Ada程序的编制和测试工作进行有效的支持。本文从软件工程的观点出发,详细论述了开发AWA的目的和动机,并且介绍了AWA的设计思想、特点、结构及实现方法。     

洛克威尔·柯林斯公司在西科斯基S-92直升机中使用格林希尔公司软件

洛克威尔·柯林斯公司目前选择了格林希尔软件公司的Integrity-178B实时操作系统(RTOS)用于西科斯基S—92直升机的新航空电子组件。Integrity-178B和格林希尔软件公司的GSTART Ada运行时间环境目前正用于洛克威尔·柯林斯公司新的航空电子管理及显示系统。     

Reducing the risks of using Ada onboard the Space Station

The Ada programming language was chosen by NASA as the primary computer programming language for the development of new software for the US Space Station. Ada was selected based on the results of investigations coordinated through Johnson Space Center (JSC) and that resulted in the identification of a set of problems and risks associated with using software developed in Ada. Some of the specific solutions to problems identified through these investigations are described. Three areas in which Ada's use poses risks are discussed: real-time process control; the testing and verification of flight software for man-rated systems; and software error detection, identification, and recovery required in safety-critical systems     

What every good manager should know about Ada

The author discusses fears and fantasies about Ada that she has heard, directly or indirectly, each of them a number of times, from people holding a variety of management and nonmanagement positions, working for the government and for government contractors, and with a wide range of technical backgrounds. She examines them from three points of view: the US Department of Defense program office view; the contractor project management view; and the design and implementation team view. Her goal is to help project managers discriminate facts about Ada from fears and fantasies and thus ensure its successful use     

Selecting a programming language for your project

Since the mandate was dropped that the Ada language had to be used in all DoD projects, software managers have had more freedom to choose which programming language to use on their DoD projects. For most new DoD software projects that need a general purpose high-level language, Ada, C, or C++ are the main contenders, with increasing attention paid to the new language celebrity, Java. Furthermore, multilanguage systems seems to be getting increasingly popular. As a result, companies offer integrated multilanguage programming environments. Although each programming language has its own strengths and weaknesses, the reason for choosing a particular language may ultimately be based on factors having nothing to do with the technical merits of the language itself. Such factors may include the availability of compilers for the host/target, the maturity and efficiency of available compilers, the availability of programmers who already know the language, whether the language can easily interface with existing systems such as graphical user interfaces or data bases, the existence of legacy software written in a specific language, or how well the language fits in with adopted COTS products. A few common misconceptions that may affect the choice of a programming language are listed     

Methodology for cost-effective software fault tolerance formission-critical systems

A computing capabilities continue to advance, there will be a concurrent rise in the number of both hardware and software faults. These will be caused by the greater volume of more complex software, by the increased number of untested software states, and by more incidents of hardware/software interaction faults as a result of increased hardware speed and density. The traditional software implemented fault tolerance: approaches have been successfully utilized in life-critical systems, such as digital flight controls, where their additional costs can be easily justified. Examples include N-Version Programming and Recovery Block approaches. However, there is still a need for dependable computing for mission-critical applications as well. Often, these traditional techniques are avoided for mission-critical systems due to the difficulty in justifying their extra up-front development cost. We provide an alternative for the high “sunk cost” of traditional software fault tolerance techniques. The methodology, called data fusion integrity processes (DFIPs), is a simple, yet effective technique for mission-critical systems. In addition, the approach establishes a framework from which other costlier, more extensive traditional techniques can be added. We present details of the DFIP methodology and a DFIP framework for Ada programs. We also briefly discuss development of a DFIP code generation system which exploits Java that will enable users to quickly build a DFIP framework in Ada, and select reusable DFIP component methods     

Rationale for the development of the UK defence standards forsafety-critical computer software

Changes in the procurement environment and developments in technology that will require the adoption of new development certification procedures within the next few years are examined. Characteristics of safety-critical computer systems and the safety problems posed by digital computers are described. The way in which the changes have influenced the preparation of the new draft defence standards offered for public debate in the UK prior to their formal adoption by the Ministry of Defence is discussed. Principle features of the future safety-critical systems policy are outlined. The use of Ada for safety-critical software is considered     

Evaluation of three ATE test environments

It is often difficult to assess the positive and negative issues facing the use of a particular software test environment in a given application. Much of the literature is swayed by the use of each environment by a single application. This paper will provide detailed information on ARGO Systems evaluation of three popular ATE Test Environments: the Ada Based Environment for Testing (ABET), the TYX PAWS ATLAS test environment and the National Instruments LabVIEW graphical test environment. This evaluation was accomplished by comparing the same test program measurements in each environment using the same UUT, interface test adapter, and the same PC-based ATE. As such, the data represents a true apples-to-apples comparison of these environments     

A safety kernel for traffic light control

The success of kernels for enforcing security in software systems has led to proposals to use kernels for enforcing safety. This paper presents a feasibility demonstration of one particular proposal for a safety kernel via the application of traffic light control. The paper begins with the safety properties for traffic light control and specifies a kernel that maintains the safety properties. An implementation sketch of the kernel in Ada is given and use of the kernel is discussed. The contribution of the paper is a demonstration that a kernel is a feasible and desirable technique for software in a realistic, safety-critical application. The paper also illustrates how formal methods aid the software engineer in constructing and reasoning about such software     

A comparative study on acoustic damping induced by half-wave, quarter-wave, and Helmholtz resonators

The damping characteristics of three-type resonators, a half-wave, a quarter-wave, and a Helmholtz resonator are studied experimentally by adopting linear acoustic test. A quantitative acoustic property of sound absorption coefficient in a model enclosure with the resonators is measured and thereby, the acoustic-damping capacity of a resonator is characterized. For a comparative study on acoustic damping, the damping capacity of a half-wave resonator is compared with that of the other resonators. A half-wave and a quarter-wave resonators have the same damping mechanism, but a quarter-wave resonator has much larger damping capacity than a half-wave resonator with the same diameter of a single resonator. It is found that shorter length of a resonator has the advantage of longer one with respect to the damping capacity. The damping capacity of a Helmholtz resonator increases with cavity volume and does as the orifice length decreases. A Helmholtz resonator has the highest damping capacity of three-type resonators and a half-wave resonator has the lowest. Besides, a Helmholtz resonator requires the smallest number of resonators for optimal damping. The design criterion of each resonator on the optimal damping is provided by the normalized parameter of open-area ratio and the similarity behavior for the optimal damping is observed for various enclosure diameters.     

液体冲压发动机控制系统半实物仿真

运用小偏离线性化理论和Willoh方法，建立了液体冲压发动机和弹体动态数学模型。动态数学模型在微型计算上一体化运行，形成液体冲压发动机／弹体一体化实时数字仿真器。实时数字仿真器通过输入输出接口与液体冲压发动机的实际控制系统进行联接，组成液体冲压发动机、弹性和发动机控制系统半实物仿真系统。对冲压发动机飞行马赫数和控制 系统供油量的半实物仿真结果表明，系统能满足研制工作的需要。     

Determination of a suitable set of loss models for centrifugal compressor performance prediction

Performance prediction in preliminary design stages of several turbomachinery components is a critical task in order to bring the design processes of these devices to a successful conclusion.In this paper,a review and analysis of the major loss mechanisms and loss models,used to determine the efficiency of a single stage centrifugal compressor,and a subsequent examination to determine an appropriate loss correlation set for estimating the isentropic efficiency in preliminary design stages of centrifugal compressors,were developed.Several semi-empirical correlations,commonly used to predict the efficiency of centrifugal compressors,were implemented in FORTRAN code and then were compared with experimental results in order to establish a loss correlation set to determine,with good approximation,the isentropic efficiency of single stage compressor.The aim of this study is to provide a suitable loss correlation set for determining the isentropic efficiency of a single stage centrifugal compressor,because,with a large amount of loss mechanisms and correlations available in the literature,it is difficult to ascertain how many and which correlations to employ for the correct prediction of the efficiency in the preliminary stage design of a centrifugal compressor.As a result of this study,a set of correlations composed by nine loss mechanisms for single stage centrifugal compressors,conformed by a rotor and a diffuser,are specified.