复合材料圆柱空间点阵结构稳定性分析

获得高承载效率的复合材料空间点阵结构,利用有限元法对复合材料圆柱空间点阵结构的稳定性进行了分析.结合ANSYS的二次开发语言APDL编写了圆柱空间点阵结构参数化设计程序,并运用该程序研究了空间点阵结构载荷质量比随内蒙皮厚度、外蒙皮厚度、内蒙皮缠绕角度以及外蒙皮缠绕的变化规律.研究结果表明:(1)当内外蒙皮的缠绕角度都为...     

在电离层飞行的航天器近尾迹内电子数密度渐近解

本文讨论了航天器近尾迹流场电子数密度分布,给出无碰撞假设下等离子体绕带电圆盘流动的近尾迹流场渐近解。用匹配渐近展开法求解实际可能现出的三种情形的电子数密度分布。所得的摄动解对近尾迹流动的理论和数值研究有指导意义。     

机翼－机身－吊架－短舱的跨声速流计算

本文通过使用多块网格的嵌合体技术，计算了机翼－机身－吊架－短舱的跨声速流场。将机翼－机身－吊架－短舱流场分为机翼－机身和吊架－短舱两个子区域，根据嵌套网格结构建立机翼－机身－吊架－短舱的组合网格，分别对这两个子区域根据相应的边界条件独立求解，然后采用嵌合体技术传递两个子区域的干扰信息，通过两个流场的耦合迭代得到机翼－机身－吊架－短舱流场的计算结果，数值模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较，两者吻合较好。     

基于ESO的DGVSCMG双框架伺服系统不匹配扰动抑制

针对双框架变速率控制力矩陀螺（DGVSCMG）两种工作模式下内、外框架系统存在的不匹配干扰抑制问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器与状态反馈的扰动抑制方法。在对飞轮工作模式和陀螺工作模式下内、外框架系统的干扰进行建模和分析的基础上,针对其不匹配干扰设计了扩张状态观测器,通过坐标变换减小框架系统扰动对不匹配通道的影响,并结合状态反馈控制设计了复合控制器,同时对全局系统稳定性进行了分析。对框架系统进行的仿真结果验证了所提复合控制方法的有效性。实验结果表明,所提出的控制方法能有效减小耦合力矩对内外框架角速率带来的影响,在飞轮模式下使得内外框架的角速率跳动量分别降低了85%和78%,且在陀螺模式下使外框架角速率跳动量降低了75%。     

Turbulent near-wake development behind a flat plate

An asymptotic analysis of the two-dimensional turbulent near-wake flow behind a flat plate with sharp trailing edge has been formulated. The feature that the near-wake, which is dominated by the mixing of the oncoming turbulent boundary layers retains, to a large extent, the memory of the turbulent structure of the upstream boundary layer has been exploited to develop the analysis. This analysis leads to two regions of the near-wake flow (the inner near-wake and the outer near-wake) for which the governing equations are derived. The matching conditions among these regions lead to a logarithmic variation in the normal direction in the overlapping region surrounding the inner near-wake. These features are validated by the available experimental data. Similarity solutions for the velocity distribution (which satisfy the required matching conditions) in the inner near-wake and outer near-wake regions have been obtained by making the appropriate eddy-viscosity assumptions. Uniformly valid solutions for velocity distribution have been constructed for the near-wake. The solutions show good agreement with available experimental data.     

Rocket Exhaust Scattering Effects on Incident Microwave Propagation Characteristics

This paper considers the effect of the rocket exhaust turbulence and scattering within the surrounding medium upon the propagation characteristics of incident electromagnetic waves. The exhaust is represented by a cylindrical plasma beam, diffusing through the surrounding medium. The equations of propagation of EM waves are derived for both TE and TM modes. By using a quasi-linear perturbation technique the exhaust is further separated into an inner homogeneous cylindrical plasma beam, and an outer conical inhomogeneous turbulent region. The isotropic change in the temperature of the outer region and its effects on the fluctuations in the density of electrons, collision frequency, and plasma index of refraction are analyzed in detail. It is found that the exhaust turbulence and scattering effects produce linear fluctuations in the E and H fields computed from the exhaust inner region effect. The equations of this paper can be used in the prediction of the radar cross sections and the attenuation of microwaves by rocket exhaust plumes.     

Modified Barker and Huffman Sequences in Combination Codes

lt is possible that usable combination codes can be obtained if Barker and Huffman sequences are chosen as the inner and outer codes. lt is shown that an improvement in either energy efficiency or time sidelobe structure will result either from a modification of a Huffman sequence or from a modification of a Barker sequence. Results are given for a combination code of length 91, with inner and outer codes of length 7 and 13.     

超声速膨胀角入射激波/湍流边界层干扰直接数值模拟

为了揭示膨胀效应对激波/湍流边界层干扰区内复杂流动现象的影响规律,采用直接数值模拟方法对来流马赫数2.9、30°激波角的入射激波与10°膨胀角湍流边界层相互作用问题进行了数值研究。系统地探讨了激波入射点分别位于膨胀角上游、膨胀角角点和膨胀角下游3种工况下膨胀角干扰区内若干基本流动现象,如分离泡、物面压力脉动及激波非定常运动、湍流边界层统计特性和相干结构动力学过程等。结果表明,激波入射点流向位置改变对分离区流向和法向尺度的影响显著,尤其是当激波入射点位于角点及其下游区域。研究发现,膨胀角干扰区内物面压力脉动强度急剧减小,分离区内压力波向下游传播速度将降低而在膨胀区内将升高,膨胀效应极大地抑制了分离激波的低频振荡运动。相较于入射激波与平板湍流边界层干扰,入射激波流向位置改变对膨胀角再附区速度剖面对数区及尾迹区影响显著,将导致其内层结构参数升高而外层降低,近壁区内将呈现远离一组元湍流状态的趋势。此外,流向速度脉动场本征正交分解分析指出,主模态空间结构集中在分离激波及剪切层根部附近而高阶模态以边界层内小尺度正负交替脉动结构为主。低阶重构流场结果表明,前者对应为分离泡低频膨胀/收缩过程而后者表征为分离泡高频脉动。     

基于匹配渐进展开的跳跃式再入解析预测-校正制导律设计

为了适应低升阻比飞行器再入返回的大航程要求,针对大气跳跃再入飞行环境复杂并难以直接获得解析解的特点,基于匹配渐进展开法设计了一种跳跃式再入解析预测-校正制导方法。首先分析了低升阻比飞行器大气跳跃再入轨迹的飞行剖面和制导分段方法;然后分别推导了其运动方程以重力作用为主导的外解和以气动力作用为主导的内解的渐进展开形式,并通过匹配获得了统一的封闭解析表达式;接着基于此解析解实时预测飞行器的剩余航程,并通过不断迭代升阻比垂向分量以满足最后的落点精度;最后针对跳跃再入飞行的不同阶段设计了不同的制导策略以获得最终的倾侧角指令。仿真结果表明采用跳跃式再入返回技术,阿波罗指令舱的航程能够达到8 348 km,而解析预测-校正制导律的落点精度为0.338 km,证明了此方法的有效性。     

The Solar Magnetic Field as a Coronal Hole Extension Forms: Effects of Magnetic Helicity and Boundary Conditions

An analytical solution is presented for linear force fields within a spherical shell, representing the solar corona. Allowing for a global magnetic helicity, we find magnetic fields over the entire corona with realistic inner boundary conditions obtained from transformation and extrapolation of photospheric magnetograms and considering alternative outer boundary conditions. Such fields are found for the well known coronal hole extension event of August 1996. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

套筒式张线天平的研制

根据民机张线测力试验的特殊要求,研制了一台套筒结构形式的张线天平。详细介绍了该天平在研制中遇到的难点、关键技术的解决措施以及研制的结果。天平元件布置在58mm的外套筒上,内杆直径为44mm,外套筒和内杆通过楔块焊接在一起。法向力、俯仰力矩和滚转力矩为拉压变形,横向力和偏航力矩为＂S＂形变形,轴向力为弯曲变形,元件支撑部分受拉压变形且刚度较强。通过对天平进行有限元分析,在法向力和俯仰力矩作用下,得出的应变结果与实际输出基本吻合。风洞试验结果表明：天平设计合理,天平外套筒、内杆及张线支撑系统刚度好,天平各分量测量精度高。     

无人机机动轨迹跟踪系统设计

对无人机机动飞行轨迹跟踪系统的内环姿态控制律和外环轨迹跟踪控制律两部分分别进行了设计。利用非线性动态逆方法设计了内环姿态控制律。外环轨迹跟踪控制律采用逆动力学前馈加模糊反馈的控制结构,提高系统对飞行条件及期望轨迹剧烈变化时的跟踪精度。仿真结果表明,所设计的系统能够控制无人机精确跟踪指定的机动轨迹,且相对于固定增益系统具有更好的鲁棒性。     

封严间隙对盘缘密封性能影响的数值研究

通过对真实工况下高压涡轮的盘缘封严进行三维数值模拟,研究了3种不同轴向间隙和径向间隙对封严效率和盘腔内流场变化特性的影响规律,结果表明:针对复合封严结构及研究参数范围,由于静盘封严环将盘腔划分为封严外容腔和封严内容腔,而封严外容腔可以有效地将主流燃气阻隔在内,因此封严内容腔具有较高的封严效率。当轴向间隙增大时,封严环轴向重合度会逐渐减小,同时冷气出流阻力降低,盘腔的封严效率因而提高。当轴向间隙一定径向间隙逐渐减小时,封严外容腔径向距离减小,此时盘腔低半径处封严效率升高。     

基于静强度分布的复合材料疲劳寿命分布的预测模型(英文)

The reasons of the static strength dispersion and the fatigue life dispersion of composite laminates are analyzed in this article. It is concluded that the inner original defects, which derived from the manufacturing process of composite laminates, are the common and major reason of causing the random distributions of the static strength and the fatigue life. And there is a correlative relation between the two distributions. With the study of statistical relationship between the fatigue loading and the fatigue life in the uniform confidence level and the same survival rate S-N curves of material, the relationship between the static strength distribution and the fatigue life distribution through a material S-N curve model has been obtained. And then the model which is used to describe the distributions of fatigue life of composites, based on their distributions of static strength, is set up. This model reasonably reflects the effects of the inner original defects on the static strength dispersion and on the fatigue life dispersion of composite laminates. The experimental data of three kinds of composite laminates are employed to verify this model, and the results show that this model can predict the random distributions of fatigue life for composites under any fatigue loads fairly well.     

外旋流器旋流数对三级旋流流场特性的影响

采用二维粒子图像测速(2D-PIV)流场测试技术,试验研究了相同进口条件下多种旋流数组合旋流器出口冷态流场,分析比较了外级旋流器旋流数对流场结构的影响.研究结果表明:外级旋流器旋流强弱并不是回流区形成的主要决定因素；随着外级旋流器旋流数的增加,涡心有向前及向外移动的趋势,其回流区轴向长度逐渐变长,最大回流速度逐渐减小；回流区形状同时受外级旋流器旋流数及内级旋流器旋流数的影响,当外级旋流器旋流数相对内级旋流器旋流数足够大时,较易出现尾迹区；在旋流器出口附近,外级旋流器旋流数较小时旋流器组合流场的湍流强度峰值较大.      

Plasmasphere Response: Tutorial and Review of Recent Imaging Results

The plasmasphere is the cold, dense innermost region of the magnetosphere that is populated by upflow of ionospheric plasma along geomagnetic field lines. Driven directly by dayside magnetopause reconnection, enhanced sunward convection erodes the outer layers of the plasmasphere. Erosion causes the plasmasphere outer boundary, the plasmapause, to move inward on the nightside and outward on the dayside to form plumes of dense plasma extending sunward into the outer magnetosphere. Coupling between the inner magnetosphere and ionosphere can significantly modify the convection field, either enhancing sunward flows near dusk or shielding them on the night side. The plasmaspheric configuration plays a crucial role in the inner magnetosphere; wave-particle interactions inside the plasmasphere can cause scattering and loss of warmer space plasmas such as the ring current and radiation belts.     

优化无焊缝钛内衬内表面质量的旋压工艺

针对复合材料压力容器用无焊缝TA1钛内衬,利用收口旋压实验和有限元模拟分析研究了两种典型收口旋压旋轮轨迹(水平直线和斜线轨迹)对旋压封头内表面缺陷的影响。结果表明:较斜线旋压,水平旋压后内表面褶皱等缺陷明显减少,说明水平旋压是一种优化无焊缝钛封头内表面质量的有效方式。有限元模拟分析表明:较斜线旋压,水平旋压每道次内表面的等效应变增量分布更均匀,并且多道次旋压后内表面的累积等效应变更小,说明水平旋压具有更均匀的变形特点和更少的应变累积,是内表面具有较弱褶皱趋势的主要原因。     

复合材料圆筒结构脱层损伤识别研究

针对复合材料圆筒结构,讨论了基于模态柔度曲率矩阵的无损检测方法。通过模态分析获得脱层复合材料圆筒的各阶固有频率及节点振型,计算得到轴向和周向柔度曲率矩阵来判断损伤。研究表明:轴向和周向柔度曲率矩阵两种方法均可达到精确识别脱层位置及大小的效果,且越靠近外筒壁,柔度曲率矩阵图突变越大,越易检测。相对而言,轴向柔度曲率Fc在脱层位置突变远大于周向柔度曲率Fd,更易判断损伤。但当损伤发生在沿轴线固定端边界时,轴向柔度曲率Fc本身就有较小突变,应用周向柔度曲率Fd识别防止误判。     

防止 C/C 复合材料氧化的 MoSi2/SiC 双相涂层系统的研究

 由固相扩散-浸渗处理制备了防止碳/碳复合材料氧化的MoSi2/SiC双相涂层。通过对涂层的结构、成份以及氧化机理的研究表明，MoSi2/SiC双相涂层由内层为β-SiC和外层为MoSi2/SiC双相层构成，具有优异的高温抗氧化性能。     

基于Shannon复数小波和时间反转聚焦的复合

 在飞机结构上,复合材料结构大量应用。该种材料结构容易受到外界冲击而产生内部脱层等损伤,所以对复合材料结构的冲击事件进行在线结构健康监测是十分必要的。为了克服信号在复合材料结构中传播存在的频散、多种模式及模式转换的现象给冲击定位带来的困难,研究了一种基于Shannon复数小波和时间反转聚焦的复合材料结构多源冲击成像定位方法。分析了信号的时间反转聚焦原理,在此基础上,提出了冲击响应信号时反合成成像方法。针对宽带的冲击响应信号,利用Shannon复数小波变换提取冲击响应信号中特定尺度下的信号成分参与到成像过程中。整套方法在碳纤维复合材料层合板上得到了验证。验证结果表明该方法能够正确地对冲击监测区域中的多个冲击源进行成像和定位,冲击定位误差不超过2 cm。