基于压差梯度的平流层飞艇艇囊应力计算和仿真

平流层飞艇体积庞大,艇囊表面曲率小,因而蒙皮材料的局部应力集中极易导致飞艇艇囊蒙皮发生过大变形而迅速超压损伤破坏.基于飞艇艇囊内外压力压差梯度载荷条件,建立飞艇艇囊蒙皮受内外压差真实工况下环向与轴向应力的理论计算模型,构建飞艇蒙皮应力分析的Von Mises强度准则.并采用ABAQUS有限元软件非线性仿真艇囊蒙皮分别在超压300,500,800 Pa载荷下的各点环向的Von Mises应力状况.仿真结果与理论模型计算的应力值基本保持一致,飞艇艇囊蒙皮环向Von Mises应力呈现随压差梯度增大而递增的规律,而轴向Von Mises应力大小由环向Von Mises应力、蒙皮局部经纬向曲率共同决定,且两方向的Von Mises应力均与超压载荷大小成正相关关系,为飞艇艇囊蒙皮超压应力评估和强度计算提供基础性研究.     

NX—104轻型汽车后桥壳体三维有限元应力计算

对ＸＮ－１０４０轻型汽车后桥壳体进行三维有限元应力计算，并分析计算结果，得到该型后桥壳体的应力大小，位移大小，应力分布状况，并通过Ａｕｔｏ－ＣＡＤ１１．０构造变形前后的三维线框模型，从而直观的分析后桥壳体的变形。     

XN－1040轻型汽车后桥壳体三维有限元应力计算

对ＸＮ－１０４０轻型汽车后桥壳体进行三维有限元应力计算，并分析计算结果，得到该型后桥壳体的应力大小，位移大小，应力分布状况，并通过Ａｎｔｏ－ＣＡＤ１１．０构造变形前后的三维线框模型．从而直观的分析后桥壳体的变形．     

某型飞机水上迫降数值化模型

近海/跨海使用的飞机必须考核水上迫降性能,而目前飞机抗坠毁标准、设计方法和分析方法通常只考虑硬着陆情况,很少考虑水面迫降情况,这是由于水上迫降涉及多场耦合,问题十分复杂.为了简化问题,采用了解耦的方法,将仿真与试验相结合,利用MSC.PATRAN/DYTRAN软件平台,建立全机有限元模型,包括全尺寸机身、机翼和尾翼结构,并导入具体参数,对13种工况条件进行了动力学数值仿真计算.预测了飞机撞击水面过程中结构的瞬态应力分布,对飞机机身下部蒙皮进行了强度分析,表明飞机在着水过程中蒙皮不会发生损坏.      

可重构柔性多点模具蒙皮拉形模面补偿算法

针对单曲形蒙皮零件,建立了有限元数值模拟的离散模型和等效模型,通过对成形计算时间、垫层变形量和成形零件外形的比较,验证了等效模型的高效性和可靠性.为了消除垫层变形和板料回弹对成形精度的影响,采用有限元等效模型技术,基于位移调整法,提出了先进行板料回弹补偿再进行垫层变形补偿的模面补偿算法,并应用该算法分别对单曲形和双曲形蒙皮零件进行了拉形模面补偿分析.在得到的补偿模面上进行了单曲形和双曲形蒙皮零件成形试验,采用非接触光学测量系统进行数字化测量后,发现成形零件外形误差均在允许范围(±0.5 mm)之内,满足精度要求,验证了该模面补偿算法的有效性.      

铝合金拉形粗晶临界预应变曲线的建立及应用

粗晶是铝合金蒙皮多道次拉形中常见的成形缺陷.根据实际蒙皮拉形过程和变形状态,按照"预拉伸-淬火-微观组织分析"的流程,对2024-O铝合金板材进行了不同应变路径下的试验,建立了晶粒大小和热处理前预拉伸量的关系.采用网格应变测量技术,确定了不同应变路径下的粗晶临界预应变,建立了粗晶临界预应变曲线.应用该曲线对蒙皮拉形过程进行了有限元分析,从而控制粗晶的产生.     

钛合金蜂窝结构蒙皮脱焊缺陷锁相红外热成像检测

蒙皮脱焊是钛合金蜂窝结构制造和服役过程中最常见的缺陷类型。受钛合金材料热导率低的影响,钛合金蜂窝结构中蒙皮越厚,红外热成像检测时其表面反映脱焊缺陷信息的温度差异信号就越弱,检测难度就越大。针对这一问题,研究了不同蒙皮厚度钛合金蜂窝结构锁相红外热成像检测时调制频率的选取范围。建立了钛合金蜂窝结构锁相红外热成像检测有限元模型,分析了蒙皮表面温度在调制热流作用下的变化历程,基于相关算法提取了蒙皮表面对应缺陷区和非缺陷区的相位差,分析了相位差与调制频率、蒙皮厚度的关系。利用锁相红外热成像检测系统对预制脱焊缺陷的蜂窝试件进行了实验研究,获得了缺陷区与非缺陷区信号相位差与调制频率的关系。研究结果表明,针对蒙皮厚度为0.6~2.0 mm的钛合金蜂窝结构,采用0.04~0.10 Hz的调制频率能够获得最佳检测结果。研究结果为钛合金蜂窝结构实际检测提供了工艺指导。      

复合材料蜂窝夹层结构的优化设计

利用复合材料蒙皮结构的弯扭耦合效应可以改善翼面的气动弹性特性.为使这种结构的弯曲扭转耦合效应最大,采用遗传算法来优化设计这类结构,并以蜂窝结构为例进行分析.采用有限元计算软件分析目标函数,将铺层板、蜂窝夹芯的强度作为约束函数,并通过遗传算法优化与有限元计算有机的结合,开发了以有限元为基础的复杂问题的结构优化软件系统.      

整体壁板压弯成形等效计算模型

分析了筋条内弯型整体壁板压弯成形过程中蒙皮和筋条的弹塑性变形分布,鉴于内弯筋条发生塑性变形而蒙皮主要为弹性变形的特点,提出了一种将蒙皮部分简化为虚拟材料筋条的几何等效方法.推导了基于惯性矩的虚拟材料等效系数计算公式,给出了复杂网格筋条壁板等效模型建立过程和虚拟材料系数计算方法.进行了Ⅰ型单筋条和网格筋条壁板的有限元分析和压弯实验,对比分析了完整模型和等效模型的计算效率和精度,并用实验数据进行了验证,表明建立的压弯成形有限元等效模型精度可靠、效率数倍提高,为大型整体壁板压弯成形分析和工艺参数优化提供了基础.     

高空浮空器蒙皮材料特性分析与组合优化

建立了高空浮空器蒙皮材料特性分析与组合优化方法,重点研究了蒙皮材料功能涂层热学特性与承力层力学特性之间的耦合作用关系,基于特定工况进行蒙皮材料分析优化,获得了基于Vectran平编承力层和镀铝PET薄膜功能涂层的高空浮空器蒙皮材料优化方案,并通过高空飞行试验验证蒙皮材料优化方案的可行性.结果表明,采用该方法获得的蒙皮材料优选方案合理,为浮空器耐压和高空长时间驻留设计提供了技术支持.      

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

直尺反转组合法测量直线度的理论分析

对直尺反转组合法的测量原理进行了较为深入的理论分析，指出测量的准确性受测头误差、采样点定位误差、直尺尺面斜率、直尺再定位误差、直尺各点直线度误差的变化率等五个方面共同作用。其中，采样点定位误差和直尺安装斜率影响直线度测量准确度这一结论，将适用于其他的直尺直线度测量方法，因而具有普遍的指导意义。     

一种提高螺栓联接强度的新方法

根据山本晃教授对螺栓，螺母，螺纹牙受力及其变形研究的成果，导出了该理论条件下受拉螺栓在等载荷受力状态下，当螺栓螺纹采用标准尺寸，螺母螺纹的螺旋线形状，并依据实用性，从螺母螺纹加工方便考虑，提出了近似等负荷螺纹。