空间低温杜瓦瓶凯夫拉支撑结构多约束优化设计

采用新型凯夫拉纤维作为某空间用小型低温杜瓦瓶的支撑材料，在验证其力学性能的基础上，设计了杜瓦瓶的支撑结构，建立了一种新的热力学耦合优化模型，给出支撑结构固有频率、热应力及发射环境下的约束条件，通过一种“离散点加密”新约束优化法计算出了支撑结构满足约束条件范围内的要求的最优设计参数。     

Ka-band high-rate telemetry system upgrade for the NASA deep space network

The NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) has a new requirement to support high-data-rate Category A (Cat A) missions (within 2 million kilometers of the Earth) with simultaneous S-band uplink, S-band downlink and Ka-band downlink. The S-band links are required for traditional telemetry, tracking & command (TT&C) support to the spacecraft, while the Ka-band link is intended for high-data-rate science returns. The new Ka-band system combines the use of proven DSN cryogenic designs, for low system temperature, and high-data-rate capability using commercial telemetry receivers. The initial Cat A support is required for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2014 and possibly other missions. The upgrade has been implemented into 3 different 34-meter Beam Waveguide (BWG) antennas in the DSN, one at each of the complexes in Canberra (Australia), Goldstone (California) and Madrid (Spain). System test data are presented to show that the requirements were met and the DSN is ready for Cat A Ka-band operational support.     

Space solar arrays and concentrators

This paper presents some research activities conducted at the Centre Spatial de Liege (CSL) in the field of space solar arrays and concentration.With the new generation of high efficiency solar cells, solar concentration brings new insights for future high power spacecrafts. A trade-off study is presented in this paper. Two different trough concentrators, and a linear Fresnel lens concentrator are compared to rigid arrays. Thermal and optical behaviors are included in the analysis.Several technical aspects are discussed:

• Off-pointing with concentrators induces collection loss and illumination non uniformity, reducing the PV efficiency.

• Concentrator deployment increases the mission risk.

• Reflective trough concentrators are attractive and already proven. Coating is made of VDA (Aluminum). A comprehensive analysis of PV conversion increase with protected silver is presented.

• Solar concentration increases the heat load on solar cells, while the conversion efficiency is significantly decreasing at warm temperatures.

To conclude, this paper will point out the new trends and the key factors to be addressed for the next generation of solar generators.     

A crisis in the NASA space and Earth sciences programme : NASA Space and Earth Sciences Committee

The US space and Earth science programme is in a time of crisis. As the research environment changes and new scientific opportunities emerge, a broader range of resources is needed, including substantial new flight opportunities. There are a growing number of claimants for space research resources. Fluctuations in funding, programme delays and mismatched time scales have contributed to wasted time and research efforts. A new commitment is needed in this crisis; this article contains a summary of the analysis and recommendations of a recent report of NASA advisory committee.     

Pricing competitively — a response to Jay Lightfoot

A recent paper in this journal criticized the two methods commonly used to allocate the costs of multi-payload launches, and proposed two new alternatives. The paper argued that ‘Shapley-value’ pricing and the ‘Independent Cost Proportional Scheme’ are immune to instability problems possible under the traditional mass-proportional approach, and reduce ‘subsidies’ paid to small payloads. This rejoinder shows that neither claim is true in general. It also questions whether new pricing formulas are truly needed — or even sustainable in today's competitive market.     

Diamond film deposition by chemical vapor transport

Chemical vapor deposition techniques for depositing diamond films at low pressure are reviewed, along with current and potential applications for these films. A new chemical vapor transport technique is described that is simpler and suitable for microgravity and centrifuge experiments. It was used to deposit diamond on silicon, molybdenum, graphite, glass, and carbon felt. Selective patterned deposition was achieved on a copper pattern on oxidized silicon. Centrifugation at only ∼2g greatly increased the nucleation density, area of deposition, and growth rate. The self-regulating behavior of this new technique is explained in terms of chemical and transport mechanisms.     

一种解算整周模糊度几何算法实现GPS快速测姿

在多天线GPS姿态确定系统中,整周模糊度的确定一直是姿态解算的一个难题。针对载波相位双差模型,本文提出一种新的几何解算双差整周模糊度的方法。该方法首先利用C/A码数据完成姿态初步解算;然后根据初步解算的姿态参数、各天线间基线分量参数和卫星到接收机在当地水平坐标系中的向量,再利用本文提出解算双差整周模糊度几何算法求取整周模糊度双差值;将整周模糊度双差值代入载波相位双差模型反解精确的各天线坐标分量,由取得的各天线坐标分量解算得到精确的姿态参数。同时,应用本文所提出的方法,对采集的GPS多天线静态数据和动态数据进行了姿态测量解算,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

VXI总线嵌入式计算机

作为一种新型的模块化测量仪器标准总线 ,VXI总线已经成功应用于多种导弹的测试、发射和控制。VXI总线嵌入式计算机是VXI总线测控系统的核心模件 ,担负着控制VXI总线操作和管理系统资源的重任。本文通过对国内VXI总线嵌入式计算机现状的分析 ,提出了一种新型的VXI总线嵌入式计算机的硬件设计方案 ,并对主要电路的技术要点和实现方法进行了较详细的论述。     

基于实验室定标和均匀景统计的相对辐射定标方法

提出了一种基于实验室定标和均匀景统计的定标方法,并应用于CBERS-02卫星遥感图像相对辐射校正。首先分析宽视场成像仪(Wide Field Imager,WFI)实验室基础定标系数;然后结合均匀景的定标方法,生成一组新的相对辐射定标系数;最后评价WFI图像相对辐射校正的效果。结果表明:文章提出的定标方法有效,可以较好地解决宽幅遥感图像辐射校正问题,同时为遥感卫星相对辐射校正提供了一种新的途径。     

The activities of ocean colour remote sensing in China

This article reviews the development of ocean colour remote sensing over the past decade in China. China launched its first remote sensing satellite FY-1A on 7 September 1988 and its second, FY-1B on 3 September 1990. Both of them had a Very High Resolution Scanning Radiometer (VHRSR) which involved two channels (0.48–0.53 and 0.53–0.58 u) for measuring ocean colour. A new polar orbiting satellite FY-1-02 was scheduled to be in orbit by 1998 with an improved VHRSR which has more (10) channels and is more sensitive for ocean colour remote sensing. The special programme of the ocean colour satellite HY-1 has been approved by the Chinese government, as has the planning of another new generation polar orbiting remote sensing satellite, FY-3. A type of sensor has been developed known as the Chinese Moderate Imaging spectroradiometer (CMODIS). Following its review, the article will describe the future activities of ocean colour remote sensing in China and explain their scientific goal.     

Artificial equilibrium points for a solar balloon in the α Centauri system

This paper discusses the generation, stability, and control of artificial equilibrium points for a solar balloon spacecraft in the α Centauri A and B binary star system. The continuous propulsive acceleration provided by a solar balloon is shown to be able to modify the position of the (classical) Lagrangian equilibrium points of the three-body system on a locus whose geometrical form is known analytically. A linear stability analysis reveals that the new generated equilibrium points are usually unstable, but part of them can be stabilized with a simple feedback control logic.     

差分GPS在空间交会中的应用

差分GPS可以提高相对定位精度,它在空间交会导航中的应用引起了人们的关注。本文旨在研究在空间交会过程中长距离段差分GPS的精度。文中提出了一种观测模型线性化的新方法,这种方法不需要绝对定位,因此计算量小,而且精度不受两站距离变化的影响。计算机仿真取得了令人满意的结果,表明差分GPS在空间交会的中长距离段导航能满足要求,文中提供的新方法也是可行的。     

Developing new launch vehicle technology: The case for multi-national private sector cooperation

Space is now a global business, yet the cost of getting to space is still high. Developing new launch vehicles that are cheaper, safer, and more reliable is the key to both rapid commercial growth and to more and better government uses of space. However, the R&D process leading to new launch vehicles is expensive and technically challenging; the past 50 years have seen many government development programs, but no major technological breakthroughs. Perhaps, it is therefore time to think about other ways of developing new launch vehicles. The best expertise in this field resides primarily with private companies and is spread across many actors and nations. A consortium led by space firms might be a better approach to opening up space in the 21st century. Governments will have to develop new policies treating space as though it were a commercial industry, in particular, relaxing export trade restrictions wherever possible. Issues of dual-use may be outweighed by the rapidly growing widespread availability of launch capabilities. Since new launch vehicles will require large up-front R&D expenditures, government support will continue to be needed to supplement private capital funds. Contributions to this effort should be international. However, difficult it might be in today's security conscious environment to reorient government policy, doing so may offer the most efficient and successful way to break the technological and economic barriers to more reliable access to space.     

The LEO Archipelago: A system of earth-rings for communications,mass-transport to space,solar power,and control of global warming

Man's quest to get into space is hindered by major problems (e.g., system-development and capital costs, expense of putting mass into orbit, trapped-radiation belts, and environmental impact of a large increase in rocket launches). A multi-purpose low-earth-orbit system of rings circling the earth – the “LEO ARCHIPELAGO^TM” – is proposed as a means of solving or bypassing many of them. A fiber-optic ring about the earth would be an initial testing and developmental stage for the Ring Systems, while providing cash-flow through a LEO-based, high-band-width, world-wide communication system. A low-earth-orbit-based space-elevator system, “Sling-on-a-Ring^TM”, is proposed as the crucial developmental stage of the LEO Archipelago. Being a LEO-based heavy-mass lifter, rather than earth- or GEO-based, it is much less massive and therefore less costly than other proposed space-elevators. With the advent of lower-cost, higher-mass transport to orbit, the options for further space development (e.g., space solar power, radiation, and space-debris dampers, sun shades, and permanent LEO habitation) are greatly expanded.This paper provides an update of the Sling-on-a-Ring concept in terms of new materials, potential applications, and trade-offs associated with an earlier model. The impact of Colossal Carbon Tubes, CCT, a new material with high tensile strength, extremely-low density, and other favorable properties, and other new technologies (e.g., solar-powered lasers, power beaming to near-space and earth, and thermal-control systems) on the development of associated LEO-Ring systems is also explored. The material's effect on the timeline for the system development indicates the feasibility of near-term implementation of the system (possibly within the decade). The Sling-on-a-Ring can provide a less-expensive, environment-friendly mode of access to space. This would pave the way (via eventual operation at >1000 t per day by 2050) for large scale development of space-based technologies.     

一种变化检测的新算法

变化检测技术是遥感图像应用中的关键技术之一。在分析变化检测算法的基础上，提出了一种新的变化检测算法，该算法主要由三步组成：差图像的优化获取、变化区域的准确检测、目标阴影的修正。仿真结果表明了本文所提算法对变化目标的检测准确可靠，且对背景有较强的鲁棒性。     

Watersheds in the modern world: the space viewpoint

A new world order has begun to appear since the early 1990s. The simplicity of interaction between individual states, based on the rivalry between the two superpowers, is gradually being replaced by new attitudes formed in a complex, uncertain and risky context. States still have a role, discussing, negotiating, legislating, creating infrastructures and issuing directives. However, political power, with its laws, its order and its reasoning, is being supplemented and often dominated by other forms of power: economic, financial or influence. Space policies follow or sometimes precede political trends. They were the spearhead of the ‘glory years’ and still bear the imprint of the simple rules which applied twenty years ago. However, amid the current uncertainty, it is possible to perceive the outline of the space policies of the future, which may contribute to the definition of new watersheds in the modern world.     

Synthesis of a combined system for precise stabilization of the Spektr UF observatory. I

The paper presents the first part of results of basic research for development of a combined system of high-precision stabilization of the optical telescope for the international observatory Speckr UF (currently under design) planned to study emission of stars in the UV waveband. A new direct method used in these studies for calculating program controls is described. The results of numerical experiments are presented.     

基于ATM的多点传送应用研究

Internet应用领域和业务种类的扩展一方面使得网络信息资源日益丰富,另一方面又迫使原有的网络体系结构暴露出种种弊端。针对基于ATM 的多点传送问题进行了研究。首先,对ATM 和多点传送进行了简介;之后,同单点传送相对照,又对基于ATM 的多点传送性能进行了分析;还对多点传送的ATM 方案进行了探讨,并对相关问题作了总结和归纳。     

Gasdynamic lasers: review and extension

A review of the physics and gasdynamics associated with conventional CO₂-N₂ gasdynamic lasers (GDL's) is given, including a short survey of the state of the art. The role of advanced, downstream mixing GDL's is examined, and the question is addressed: Can such downstream mixing GDL's provide an order-of-magnitude increase in power output over the conventional device? Finally, combustion driven GDL's with unconventional fuels are examined, and new results for gain and maximum available power are given for various fuel-oxidizer combinations.     

诱杀弹抗反辐射导弹初步数学仿真

提出了使用诱杀弹（ＤＫＭ）拦截反辐射导弹（ＡＲＭ）的设计方案，通过建立数学模型，对诱杀弹拦截反辐射导弹的物理过程进行了数学仿真。仿真结果表明：该方案在原理上是可行的。