中低速数控铣削参数优化技术研究及应用

采用平均铣削力系数模型对数控加工过程中的铣削力进行仿真预测.在此基础上,综合考虑数控加工过程中机床、刀具以及工件3方面限制加工效率的因素,对主轴转速、进给速度、径向切宽以及轴向切深4个参数进行优化.利用VC与Matlab编程,开发了"中低速数控铣削过程力学仿真与参数优化系统".针对航空难加工材料GH4169,在SandviK推荐参数基础上进行仿真优化.结果表明,基于力学仿真的数控铣削参数优化技术在难加工材料加工中可提高加工效率12%～378%.     

Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.     

整体叶盘盘铣加工切削力及刀具磨损实验研究

本文对整体叶盘开槽粗加工时从切削速度、进给量、径向切深等切削参数对切削力的影响进行研究。选用正交实验的方法进行盘铣切削实验,得到切削参数对切削力的影响变化规律,并对刀具在切削过程中的磨损进行分析,进一步验证优化的切削参数,为整体叶盘的盘铣加工参数的合理制定与加工工艺的优化提供参考。     

钛合金螺旋铣孔孔径偏差研究

螺旋铣孔是航空航天领域新出现的制孔技术,其切削过程中会产生径向切削力,从而引起刀具变形并造成孔径偏差。针对该问题开展了钛合金螺旋铣孔孔径偏差试验,分析了包括进给方向在内的不同加工参数对孔径偏差的影响规律;基于螺旋铣孔运动学原理对不同进给方向下的材料去除过程和径向切削力方向进行了研究,分析了不同进给方向下的孔径偏差变化规律及形成原因,并设计切削力试验进行了验证;通过分析不同加工参数下的未变形切屑形状及径向切削力变化情况,研究了各加工参数对孔径变化趋势的影响规律。研究结果表明,当进给方向为顺时针时,刀具受背离孔心的径向切削力的作用向孔径外侧发生挠曲变形,导致所加工孔径大于理论孔径;当进给方向为逆时针时则相反。进给速度和导程的增加将加剧孔径偏差,切削速度的增加则会减弱孔径偏差。     

TC4的铣削加工中铣削力和刀具磨损研究

通过TC4铣削加工时的铣削力试验,研究了干切削时和有氮气介质铣削时影响铣削力大小的几个因素,为提高金属去除率优化了切削参数。同时通过刀具磨损试验,对上述两种铣削方式,比较了在不同的切削速度下铣削时铣刀后刀面的磨损,证实了以氮气为切削介质能够大大地改善刀具的磨损状况和提高刀具的寿命。     

CFRP铣削有限元模型建立及切削力仿真分析

为探索碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)铣削加工过程中切削力与工艺参数之间的映射关系,建立CFRP铣削加工有限元仿真模型并对切削力进行分析。基于ABAQUS软件通过定义材料属性、材料失效模型、纤维铺层数和纤维方向建立了CFRP铣削加工二维有限元仿真模型,并对该模型进行了实验验证。基于该模型,分析了切削力与纤维方向角、铣削速度、每齿进给量和刀具前角等工艺参数之间的映射关系。仿真结果表明:纤维方向角从0°增大到90°,切削力呈现降低趋势,而纤维方向角从90°增大到180°,切削力呈现增大趋势。随着切削速度和每齿进给量的增大,切削力随之增大,而随着刀具前角增大,切削力随之减小。     

基于动力学仿真技术的TC4整体叶轮铣削参数优化

针对某航空发动机TC4整体叶轮在数控加工过程中存在颤振、加工效率低及因加工变形而导致局部超差等问题,提出了相应的铣削参数优化解决方案。在进行切削力系数辨识试验获取TC4材料的切削力系数及锤击试验获取加工系统动力学特性参数的基础上,通过综合使用自行开发的铣削加工动力学仿真软件SimuCut和国外的CutPro软件进行动力学仿真与优化,获得了优化的切削参数。使用优化的切削参数进行加工,有效地消除了颤振和因加工变形引起的局部超差,提高了加工效率。     

Flank milling optimization - the flamingo project

An approach to increase the material removal rate, to lower the cutting forces, to eliminate necessary hand finish and to assure an improved component accuracy, is to implement the high speed flank milling technology for manufacturing processes. The presented paper analyses the flank milling process. A special consideration is given to the issue of tool deflection and its dependency on the applied process parameters. Further subject is the development of advanced tool path generation for optimised tool positions minimising gauges and stock material as well as reducing the risk of collisions.     

Mechanistic identification of cutting force coefficients in bull-nose milling process

An improved method to determine cutting force coefficients for bull-nose cutters is proposed based on the semi-mechanistic cutting force model. Due to variations of cutting speed along the tool axis in bull-nose milling, they affect coefficients significantly and may bring remarkable discrepancies in the prediction of cutting forces. Firstly, the bull-nose cutter is regarded as a finite number of axial discs piled up along the tool axis, and the rigid cutting force model is exerted. Then through discretization along cutting edges, the cutting force related to each element is recalculated, which equals to differential force value between the current and previous elements. In addition, coefficient identification adopts the cubic polynomial fitting method with the slice elevation as its horizontal axis. By calculating relations of cutting speed and cutting depth, the influences of speed variations on cutting force can be derived. Thereby, several tests are conducted to calibrate the coefficients using the improved method, which are applied to later force predictions. Eventually, experimental evaluations are discussed to verify the effectiveness. Compared to the conventional method, the results are more accurate and show satisfactory consistency with the simulations. For further applications, the method is instructive to predict the cutting forces in bull-nose milling with lead or tilt angles and can be extended to the selection of cutting parameters.     

钛合金TB6刀具磨损铣削实验研究

使用硬质合金刀具对钛合金TB6进行正交铣削实验,对比分析不同切削参数下的刀具磨损情况,并用实验结果进行回归分析得到刀具磨损的回归公式。结果表明:刀具主要磨损在后刀面,其磨损大都呈现一条带状磨损带,在速度增大时大磨损带变长,刀具易发生脆性破损,且在刀具表面会出现钛合金粘连;对刀具耐用度的影响大小依次为切削速度、进给量、切削宽度和切削深度;刀具磨损回归方程具有良好的回归方差,能够很好的对刀具寿命进行预测。     

Cutting force prediction for circular end milling process

A deduced cutting force prediction model for circular end milling process is presented in this paper. Traditional researches on cutting force model usually focus on linear milling process which does not meet other cutting conditions, especially for circular milling process. This paper presents an improved cutting force model for circular end milling process based on the typical linear milling force model. The curvature effects of tool path on chip thickness as well as entry and exit angles are analyzed, and the cutting force model of linear milling process is then corrected to fit circular end milling processes. Instantaneous cutting forces during circular end milling process are predicted according to the proposed model. The deduced cutting force model can be used for both linear and circular end milling processes. Finally, circular end milling experiments with constant and variable radial depth were carried out to verify the availability of the proposed method. Experiment results show that measured results and simulated results corresponds well with each other.     

高温合金高速铣削表面形貌及组织研究

为研究高温合金GH4169高速铣削表面完整性,在测量铣削过程中切削力随时间及切削参数变化规律的基础上,分析了高温合金加工表面形貌及微观组织的演化规律.结果表明:在本试验参数范围内,切削力随着切削速度的增加先升高后降低;铣削表面粗糙度随着切削速度增加而下降,随每齿进给量的增加而增加;变质层主要出现在主切削刃形成的切削表面...     

Ti—1023钛合金的立铣问题

本文对Ti-1023钛合金的立铣进行了研究。测量了顺铣逆铣时的切削力,分析了铣削力、立铣刀挠度对精度的影响,推荐了Ti-1023钛合金立铣(铣周边、铣槽)的切削参数。     

基于响应曲面法的高速内冷铣削AISI304不锈钢铣削力

针对硬质合金刀具高速内冷铣削AISI304不锈钢时,切削力大、切削温度高及加工表面质量低的问题。基于响应曲面中心复合设计方法进行高速内冷铣削实验,建立了铣削力分量二阶回归预测模型,并进行了实验验证。对比了干式与内冷铣削后的加工表面质量,分析了铣削参数对铣削力分量的影响规律,以铣削力分量最小为目标优化了铣削参数。结果表明:进给力和径向力的预测值与实验值的误差分别为4. 77%和6. 16%;内冷铣削的Ra为0. 193～0. 327μm;对铣削力分量的影响是铣削深度转速进给量,随着铣削深度和转速的增加,进给力先升高后降低,径向力逐步增加,铣削深度与转速的交互作用对进给力和径向力的影响显著;转速11 643. 63 r/min、铣削深度1 mm、进给量0. 08 mm/r为最优铣削参数组合。     

镗削碳纤维复合材料时切削用量对切削力及孔出口撕裂的影响

采用PCD刀具对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)进行了镗削加工试验,分析了切削用量对切削力、孔出口撕裂因子(撕裂值与孔直径的比值)的影响规律.试验结果表明,三向切削力随背吃刀量、进给量、切削速率的增大而增大.经分析认为,切削速率的增大引起待加工材料的屈服应力增大.由于刀尖圆弧半径较大,试验中出现背向力大于主切削力的现象;撕裂因子与背吃刀量基本无关;进给量与撕裂因子呈线性正相关;当切削速率增大时撕裂因子呈减小趋势,并且减小到一定程度后基本不变;采用PCD刀具镗削加工该材料能够有效地减小孔出口撕裂程度.     

Five-axis flank milling tool path generation with curvature continuity and smooth cutting force for pockets

In order to ensure machining stability, curvature continuity and smooth cutting force are very important so as to meet the constraints of both cutting force and kinematics of machine tools. For five-axis flank milling, it is difficult to meet both of the constraints because tool path points and tool axis vectors interact with each other. In this paper, multiple relationships between tool path points and tool axis vectors with cutting force and kinematics of machine tools are established, and the strategies of corner-looping milling and clothoidal spirals are combined so as to find feasible solutions under both of the constraints. Tool path parameters are iterated by considering the maximum cutting force and the feasible range of the tool axis vector, and eventually a curvature continuity five-axis flank milling tool path with smooth cutting force is generated. Machining experimental results show that the conditions of cutting force are satisfied, vibration during the process of machining is reduced, and the machining quality of the surface is improved.     

铣削过程多参数监测策略研究

 通过在时域和频域对端铣过程铣削力和铣削振动信号特征的分析,提取出对铣刀磨损和破损状态变化十分敏感的特征参量,在此基础上提出了由基于铣削力的“时段比值”监测策略和基于铣削振动的“硬件比较”监测策略组成的多参数监测策略。     

整体叶盘叶片加工变形控制技术研究

针对五坐标加工中心(MIKRON UCP1350)采用五轴联动方式加工整体叶盘时叶片和刀具受力变形较大的问题,从加工整体叶盘叶片的工艺特点着手,结合传统切削力理论公式计算和加工时叶片的有限元分析,对加工变形控制展开研究.在初步确定切削参数值后,经过试件实际试加工,修正切削参数值使加工后叶片既满足叶型面变形在公差允许范围...     

石英纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料超低温铣削实验

石英纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料是一种非均匀的各向异性材料,采用传统铣削方法对其进行加工时存在刀具磨损严重、切削力较大、加工效率低等问题。为此本文采用超低温冷却铣削方法对石英纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料进行铣削实验,并与传统干铣削方式进行了对比,分析了包括加工表面形貌、粗糙度、切削力和刀具磨损等切削性能。结果表明:两种工况下,表面粗糙度随主轴转速的提高而降低,随切深的增加呈先降低后增大趋势;相对于干铣削,不同切削速度下超低温冷却铣削有效抑制了低速干铣削纤维起毛、高速干铣削黏结剂烧蚀缺陷,表面质量都得到改善,刀具耐用度得到提高。超低温冷却引起的复合材料切削力增大,纤维断屑方式的改变以及切削热的有效降低是提高加工质量的主要原因。     

涂层刀具铣削加工300M钢的刀具磨损试验研究

建立了一套便携式的在线刀具磨损图像检测装置及相应的计算程序,利用该装置观察到了涂层硬质合金刀具加工300M高强度钢过程的定性磨损规律,并确定了刀具磨损量的测量方法。