模糊最小二乘支持向量机在黑液波美度软测量中的应用

利用模糊最小二乘支持向量机进行软测量建模。并将基于最小二乘支持向量机的软测量器应用于造纸碱回收中黑液浓度的在线估算,取得了十分有效的应用结果。模糊最小二乘支持向量机收敛速度快,模型参数确定方便。因此基于模糊最小二乘支持向量机的软测量器在软测量建模中有很大的应用潜力。     

基于L-M算法的分数阶导数粘弹性本构模型的参数求解

引入分数阶导数,建立了类Kelvin体粘弹性本构模型。用最小二乘法法和Levenberg-Marquard（L-M）算法,给出了求解类Kelvin体粘弹性本构模型参数的详细步骤。由实际数据选择初值,保证L-M法不会陷入局部最小。某固体推进剂的粘弹性本构模型参数的计算结果表明：该法可较好地表征推进剂松弛曲线,且模型简单、计算参数少。     

加速度表动态模型辨识和误差补偿

本文讨论全液浮陀螺加速度表的动态模型辨识及应用辨识所得模型进行动态跟踪误差补偿的方法。文章首先根据陀螺加速度表的动态模型估算了全程跟踪误差,其次介绍了脉冲传递函数参数的最小二乘估计和应用AIC准则来确定MA噪声的滑动阶数的原理。接下来讨论了用内环力矩器输入试验来实现辨识的可行性和实现辨识的一些问题。然后探讨了补偿动态跟踪误差的一些方法。最后对于一阶MA噪声情况应用增广最小二乘法进行了辨识仿真实验。仿真实验结果表明,全液浮陀螺加速度表的动态模型是可以辨识的。     

超低轨卫星气动参数及转动惯量在轨实时辨识

给出了超低轨卫星气动参数和转动惯量的在轨实时辨识方法。针对超低轨卫星所处的稀薄流环境,建立了镜面-漫反射模型稀薄流散射系数的傅里叶级数模型。根据卫星姿态动力学与运动学方程推导了傅里叶级数模型中各气动参数以及卫星转动惯量的线性观测模型。以采用气动主动控制方式的近地圆轨道纳星为仿真对象,用递推最小二乘法进行在轨实时辨识,辨识结果与设定值一致。方法对卫星在轨实时控制时需获取高精度的气动力矩和卫星真实转动惯量有重要的意义。     

一种提高GNSS测速精度的自适应Kalman滤波算法

在卫星导航系统动态定位中,采用基于瞬时多普勒观测量的最小二乘法确定速度,当载体高机动时,多普勒误差迅速增大,从而导致测速精度大幅度降低。针对该问题,提出一种同时实现动态模型自适应修正和观测模型自适应更新的Kalman滤波算法。算法采用滑动窗方式来建立实时更新的动态模型参数,使当前统计模型自适应地跟踪载体的动态特性。此外,算法提出观测模型的自适应更新方法,通过设置载体状态判决门限,高、中机动时仅进行受动态应力影响小的伪距更新,低机动下添加精度较高的伪距率更新。通过Sprient GSS8000模拟器产生的动态场景验证表明,相对于最小二乘法和常规Kalman滤波算法,提出的自适应Kalman滤波算法能够全面提高载体在多种运动状态下的测速精度。     

环境一号卫星CCD相机相对定标数据处理

文章简要介绍了环境一号卫星CCD相机相对定标实验,分析了归一化系数法、两点法、最小二乘法的数学原理,然后运用分段归一化系数法、分段两点法、分段最小二乘法求取像元归一化系数,并进行了误差分析。     

材料非线性性质的解析表达

将材料拉伸实验曲线由比例极限到屈服极限（或名义屈服限）的非线性段，用一个含有四个参数的解析式子来表达。在此基础上，根据材料特性及最小二乘法原理，对９种金属材料的拉伸实验数据进行曲线拟合，得到各自相应的参数值。最后通过误差分析，验证了上述解析式的可用性，并阐述了它的实际意义。     

环境一号卫星CCD相机相对定标数据处理

文章简要介绍了环境一号卫星CCD相机相对定标实验，分析了归一化系数法、两点法、最小二乘法的数学原理，然后运用分段归一化系数法、分段两点法、分段最小二乘法求取像元归一化系数，并进行了误差分析。     

壳体轴压失稳载荷的非破坏预示

本文提出了侧向柔度法。该方法把壳体的侧向柔度率作为控制参数,研究该参数随轴压的变化特性,结合低载荷下的实测数据,运用最小二乘法原理进行拟合,可预示失稳载荷。计算实例表明,这种方法是可行的。     

非圆曲线数控加工计算机辅助编程预处理

在数控加工编程时,对非圆曲线和列表曲线需要进行曲线的拟合处理。对于列表曲线、型值点,采用最小二乘法修正,并以累积弦长为参数的三次样条为拟合样条。对椭圆曲线和抛物线,利用过焦点的一簇直线进行不均匀划分。按齿廓成形原理,对圆柱齿轮齿廓进行分段,以实际曲线与拟合曲线在法线方向的偏差作为拟合误差,确定合理的分段数量,输出曲线双圆弧拟合后结果。     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

火箭推进剂液体晃动关机响应的数值仿真

本文采用VOF方法对火箭发动机关机阶段所引起的液体晃动进行了数值仿真，以氧化剂贮箱为例，得到了贮箱无阻尼环和带阻尼环时的晃动仿真图和液体质心变化曲线，检验了VOF方法处理碎波的能力。