多导弹协同制导研究综述

综述了多弹协同制导领域的主要研究成果和国内外的最新进展,简述了其发展历程。鉴于现有的协同制导研究成果绝大多数主要涉及时间协同问题,而且开环的时间协同制导律已经得到了很好的综述,因此重点综述了闭环的时间协同制导律。按照协同制导架构,多弹时间协同制导可划分为双层协同制导架构和"领弹-从弹"协同制导架构;按照导弹间通信的拓扑结构还可分为集中式和分布式。首先综述了两种协同制导架构,即双层协同制导架构和"领弹-从弹"协同制导架构,并对这两种架构进行了讨论和比较;其次分别综述了集中式和分布式多导弹协同制导的研究成果,分析了这些多导弹协同制导方法的优缺点,并对该研究领域的重要发展方向进行了展望。     

多导弹编队齐射攻击分散化协同制导方法

针对多导弹编队齐射攻击在时间上的协同要求,将攻击时间可控制导律(ITCG)与一致性分散化协调算法相结合,提出一种多导弹编队齐射攻击的分散化协同制导方法.编队内各导弹采用相邻局部通信,编队之间则通过各编队通信拓扑生成树的根节点进行通信.设计了导弹编队内和编队间的分散化协调策略,实现多导弹编队齐射攻击的分散化协调.推导了攻...     

A joint mid-course and terminal course cooperative guidance law for multi-missile salvo attack

Salvo attacking a surface target by multiple missiles is an effective tactic to enhance the lethality and penetrate the defense system. However, existing cooperative guidance laws in the mid-course or terminal course are not suitable for long- and medium-range missiles or stand-off attacking. Because the initial conditions of cooperative terminal guidance that are generally generated from the mid-course flight may not lead to a successful cooperative terminal guidance without proper mid-course flight adjustment. Meanwhile, cooperative guidance in the mid-course cannot solely guarantee the accuracy of a simultaneous arrival of multiple missiles. Therefore, a joint mid-course and terminal course cooperative guidance law is developed. By building a distinct leader-follower framework, this paper proposes an efficient coordinated Dubins path planning method to synchronize the arrival time of all engaged missiles in the mid-course flight. The planned flight can generate proper initial conditions for cooperative terminal guidance, and also benefit an earliest simultaneous arrival. In the terminal course, an existing cooperative proportional navigation guidance law guides all the engaged missiles to arrive at a target accurately and simultaneously. The integrated guidance law for an intuitive application is summarized. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can generate fast and accurate salvo attack.     

拦截高超声速目标的异类导弹协同制导律

对于多导弹协同拦截高超声速目标的问题,设计了一种具有领弹-从弹拓扑结构的异类导弹协同制导律:配备有高性能导引头的领弹采用改进比例导引法拦截目标;未配备导引头的从弹利用通信手段,采用二阶一致性跟踪算法,对领弹进行跟踪。两类导弹同时命中目标,形成"多对一"的拦截态势。异构型的制导策略可以降低对导引设备的需求,具备较理想的作战效费比。领弹与从弹的弹道均源于改进比例导引法,具有较理想的弹道特性。给出了协同制导律在固定拓扑与切换拓扑下成立的充分条件。算例仿真验证了所提出的制导律能够实现对高超声速目标的协同拦截,具有良好的可行性。     

Three-dimensional cooperative guidance laws against stationary and maneuvering targets

This paper presents the cooperative strategies for salvo attack of multiple missiles based on the classical proportional navigation(PN) algorithm.The three-dimensional(3-D) guidance laws are developed in a quite simple formulation that consists of a PN component for target capture and a coordination component for simultaneous arrival.The centralized algorithms come into effect when the global information of time-to-go estimation is obtained, whereas the decentralized algorithms have better performance when each missile can only collect information from neighbors.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed coordination algorithms are feasible to perform the cooperative engagement of multiple missiles against both stationary and maneuvering targets.The effectiveness of the 3-D guidance laws is also discussed.     

Distributed cooperative guidance for multiple missiles with fixed and switching communication topologies

This study investigates cooperative guidance problems for multiple missiles with fixed and switching directed communication topologies.A two-step guidance strategy is proposed to realize the simultaneous attack.In the first step,a distributed cooperative guidance law is designed using local neighboring information for multiple missiles to achieve consensus on range-to-go and leading angle.The second step begins when the consensus of multiple missiles is realized.During the second step,multiple missiles disconnect from each other and hit the target using the proportional navigation guidance law.First,based on the local neighboring communications,a sufficient condition for multiple missiles to realize simultaneous attack with a fixed communication topology is presented,where the topology is only required to have a directed spanning tree.Then,the results are extended to the case of switching communication topologies.Finally,numerical simulations are provided to validate the theoretical results.     

Distributed three-dimensional cooperative guidance via receding horizon control

The paper presents a new three-dimensional (3D) cooperative guidance approach by the receding horizon control (RHC) technique. The objective is to coordinate the impact time of a group of interceptor missiles against the stationary target. The framework of a distributed RHC scheme is developed, in which each interceptor missile is assigned its own finite-horizon optimal control problem (FHOCP) and only shares the information with its neighbors. The solution of the local FHOCP is obtained by the constrained particle swarm optimization (PSO) method that is integrated into the distributed RHC framework with enhanced equality and inequality con-straints. The numerical simulations show that the proposed guidance approach is feasible to imple-ment the cooperative engagement with satisfied accuracy of target capture. Finally, the computation efficiency of the distributed RHC scheme is discussed in consideration of the PSO parameters, con-trol update period and prediction horizon.     

Three-dimensional finite-time cooperative guidance for multiple missiles without radial velocity measurements

In order to simultaneously attack a target with impact angle constraint in threedimensional(3-D) space, a novel distributed cooperative guidance law for multiple missiles under directed communication topologies is proposed without radial velocity measurements. First, based on missiles-target 3-D relative motion equations, the multiple missiles cooperative guidance model with impact angle constraint is constructed. Then, in Line-of-Sight(LOS) direction, based on multiagent system cooperative control theory, one guidance law with directed topologies is designed with strict proof, which can guarantee finite time consensus of multiple missiles' impact times. Next, in elevation direction and azimuth direction of LOS, based on homogeneous system stability theory and integral sliding mode control theory, two guidance laws are proposed respectively with strict proof, which can guarantee LOS angles converge to desired values and LOS angular rates converge to zero in finite time. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed cooperative guidance law is demonstrated through simulation results.     

三维自适应终端滑模协同制导律

针对多枚导弹协同作战的问题,且多枚导弹之间保持有向拓扑通信的条件下,基于终端滑模法设计了视线方向及视线法向的双层协同制导律。其中,视线方向的制导指令能够保证导弹同时完成拦截任务;视线法向上的三维制导律能够保证每枚导弹以期望的视线角攻击目标,从而发挥各枚导弹的最大杀伤力,并且视线角的约束相当于规划了末制导段导弹的弹道问题,在一定程度上避免攻击目标前导弹间发生碰撞。同时,针对所设计的滑模制导律设计了新的自适应律,从而加快了滑模面的收敛速度并且削弱了由符号函数引起的系统抖振现象。基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,证明了所设计制导律的正确性,并在最后给出了数学仿真实验,验证了所设计制导律的有效性及优越性。     

Three-dimensional cooperative guidance strategy and guidance law for intercepting highly maneuvering target

Cooperative interception of the target with strong maneuverability by multiple missiles with weak maneuverability in the three-dimensional nonlinear model is studied. Firstly, the three-dimensional nonlinear model of cooperative guidance is established. The three-dimensional reachable region is represented composed of lateral acceleration and longitudinal acceleration in the two-dimensional coordinate system. Secondly, the problem of the multiple missile's reachable coverage area is transformed into the problem of cooperative coverage. A cooperative coverage strategy is proposed and an algorithm for quickly calculating the number of required missiles is designed. Then, the guidance law based on the cooperative coverage strategy is proposed, and it is proved that cooperative interception of the target can be achieved under the acceleration limit. Moreover, the relations among the number of missiles, the initial array position of terminal guidance and the coverage area of the target’s large maneuver are analyzed. The dynamic adjustment strategy of guidance parameters is proposed to reduce the guidance error. Finally, simulation results show that multiple missiles with low maneuverability can achieve effective interception of target with strong maneuverability through the proposed cooperative strategy and cooperative guidance method.     

A distributed cooperative guidance law for salvo attack of multiple anti-ship missiles

The consensus problem of impact time is addressed for multiple anti-ship missiles. A new distributed cooperative guidance law with the form of biased proportional navigation guidance(BPNG) is presented. The proposed guidance law employs the available measurements of relative impact time error as the feedback information to achieve the consensus of impact time among missiles and, by exploiting the special structure of the biased cooperative control term, it can handle the seeker's field-of-view(FOV) constraint. The proposed scheme ensures convergence to consensus of impact time under either fixed or switching sensing/communication network, and the topological requirements are less restrictive than those in the existing results. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law.     

A novel cooperative mid-course guidance scheme for multiple intercepting missiles

In the interception engagement,if the target movement information is not accurate enough for the mid-course guidance of intercepting missiles,the interception mission may fail as a result of large handover errors.This paper proposes a novel cooperative mid-course guidance scheme for multiple missiles to intercept a target under the condition of large detection errors.Under this scheme,the launch and interception moments are staggered for different missiles.The earlier launched missiles can obtain a relatively accurate detection to the target during their terminal guidance,based on which the latter missiles are permitted to eliminate the handover error in the mid-course guidance.A significant merit of this scheme is that the available resources are fully exploited and less missiles are needed to achieve the interception mission.To this end,first,the design of cooperative handover parameters is formulated as an optimization problem.Then,an algorithm based on Monte Carlo sampling and stochastic approximation is proposed to solve this optimization problem,and the convergence of the algorithm is proved as well.Finally,simulation experiments are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative scheme and algorithm.     

异构多导弹系统自适应分布式协同制导

针对异构多导弹系统的分布式协同制导问题,在传统比例导引律的基础上设计出一类领航跟随分布式协同制导律。运用代数图论、分布式网络同步原理以及非线性系统一致性理论,领弹采用基于固定系数的比例导引律,从弹采用基于可变系数的参数自适应比例导引律。该领航-跟随分布式自适应协同制导律可使领弹和从弹实现对目标的同时攻击,且各相邻导弹间仅传输各自的可测状态信息,算法具有较低的通信代价和较好的可扩展性。最后给出了相关数值仿真算例,仿真结果验证了控制算法的有效性。     

多导弹齐射攻击协同制导(英文)

Cooperative guidance problems of multiple missiles are considered in this article. A cooperative guidance scheme, where coordination algorithms and local guidance laws are combined together, is proposed. This scheme actually builds up a hierarchical cooperative guidance architecture, which may provide a general solution to the multimissile cooperative guidance problems. In the case of salvo attacks which require missiles to hit the target simultaneously, both centralized and distributed coordination algorithms are derived based on the impact-time-control guidance （ITCG） law. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.     

无导引头也无惯导导弹的协同制导

为了在不依赖导弹间实时通信与导弹绝对位置信息的情况下实现无导引头也无惯导导弹的"发射后不管"，考虑为无导引头也无惯导导弹安装两个捷联探测器，从而可对有导引头导弹上的两个特定目标点进行探测。在此基础上，针对静止点目标分别采用一般的负反馈控制方法以及有限时间收敛原理设计了2种协同末制导律，并针对静止面目标采用动态逆控制设计了1种协同末制导律。上述协同制导律均可在有导引头导弹命中目标前实现无导引头也无惯导导弹的速度方向指向其攻击目标，而此后无导引头也无惯导导弹只需要作直线运动即可命中其攻击目标。仿真结果验证了上述协同制导律的有效性以及优势。     

带空间协同的多导弹时间协同制导律

针对多导弹在平面内从期望的弹目视线（LOS）相对方向同时击中固定目标问题,提出了一种带空间协同的多导弹时间协同制导律。基于平面内的导弹-目标相对运动方程,建立了带空间协同的多导弹时间协同制导模型;基于多智能体协同控制理论,在视线方向设计了分布式时间协同制导律,可保证所有导弹的打击时刻在有限时间内达到一致,在视线法向方向设计了分布式空间协同制导律,可保证所有导弹的相对视线角在有限时间内收敛到期望值;最后,通过仿真验证了所设计的协同制导律可使多导弹从期望的弹目视线相对方向同时击中目标。     

Three-dimensional guidance law based on adaptive integral sliding mode control

For the terminal guidance problem of missiles intercepting maneuvering targets in the three-dimensional space, the design of guidance laws for non-decoupling three-dimensional engage-ment geometry is studied. Firstly, by introducing a finite time integral sliding mode manifold, a novel guidance law based on the integral sliding mode control is presented with the target acceler-ation as a known bounded external disturbance. Then, an improved adaptive guidance law based on the integral sliding mode control without the information of the upper bound on the target accel-eration is developed, where the upper bound of the target acceleration is estimated online by a designed adaptive law. The both presented guidance laws can make sure that the elevation angular rate of the line-of-sight and the azimuth angular rate of the line-of-sight converge to zero in finite time. In the end, the results of the guidance performance for the proposed guidance laws are pre-sented by numerical simulations. Although the designed guidance laws are developed for the con-stant speed missiles, the simulation results for the time-varying speed missiles are also shown to further confirm the designed guidance laws.     

主-从多飞行器三维分布式协同制导方法

针对三维空间下的多飞行器协同打击问题,基于主飞行器和从飞行器架构提出了两种分布式协同制导方法,实现了所有飞行器最终对目标的同时命中。方法1在定义协调变量的基础上,通过对所选协调变量的一致性协同控制使从飞行器状态同步于主飞行器状态。方法2提出了分布式观测器对主飞行器的状态进行准确估计,各从飞行器通过跟踪观测的主飞行器状态信息实现命中时间的一致。理论分析表明,两种方法都可保证多飞行器同时命中目标。仿真结果验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

高超声速飞行器时间协同再入制导

从饱和打击任务需求出发,针对多高超声速飞行器时间协同再入制导问题进行研究,提出时间可控再入制导律和协同再入制导架构,在改善现有制导律实时性、在线约束管理等性能的基础上,重点解决再入飞行时间不可知、不可控问题,最终实现时间协同再入飞行。协同再入制导结构分为两层,其中底层提出了基于神经网络的时间可控再入制导律,以实现再入飞行时间的可知性与可控性为目标;上层根据不同再入阶段特点设计相应的协调函数,生成时间协调信息。该结构适用于集中式或分布式的通讯结构,同时上层协调策略可以根据任务需要进行有针对性的设计与拓展。最后,通过仿真验证了时间可控再入制导律对时间的可控性和协同再入制导结构的有效性。     

基于Leader-Follower编队的无人机协同跟踪地面目标制导律设计

对地面目标的自动跟踪是无人机在任务应用阶段需要解决的重要问题之一,多无人机协同跟踪能够提高对目标运动状态的估计精度并降低目标丢失的概率,因而具有重要研究意义。本文提出了一种基于Leader-Follower编队的无人机协同跟踪制导方法,解决了传统Standoff跟踪模式对地面目标的速度范围限制问题。首先,通过控制无人机的航向不断趋近于地面目标牵连跟踪圆切线方向的方法设计了Leader无人机自动跟踪地面目标的制导律并完成了稳定性证明;其次,通过控制Follower无人机的速度和航向角逐渐趋近于Leader无人机速度和航向的协同跟踪策略,分别设计了Follower无人机自动跟踪Leader无人机的制导律和编队相位协同制导律并完成了稳定性证明;最后,分别针对静止目标、匀速直线运动目标和变速运动目标的跟踪问题进行了仿真验证,结果表明所提出的制导方法能够实现对不同运动状态地面目标的自动协同跟踪,并且跟踪性能优于基于李雅普诺夫向量法的制导方法。