考虑UAV性能约束的变速度自主避障算法研究

动态不确定环境下,为有效地提升UAV执行任务的安全性和可靠性,在UAV自主避障过程中考虑了自身的性能约束条件.在速度障碍圆弧法的基础上,考虑UAV的法向和纵向加速度约束范围,研究了速度障碍圆弧随速度矢量变化的规律,提出了一种考虑UAV性能约束的变速度自主避障算法.该算法在考虑自身性能约束条件下,为实现UAV对威胁障碍的避碰提供了更大的避碰裕度.最后,对考虑UAV性能约束的变速度自主避障算法进行了验证,仿真结果证明了算法的有效性和可行性.     

结构动力学与颤振约束下无人机机翼优化设计

提出了同时考虑结构动力学约束和颤振约束的优化设计方法，建立了利用规划优化算法求解问题的流程，并将其融入大型CAE软件系统HAJIF2013中，研究了优化问题中目标函数和约束条件的选取方式。以某型无人机机翼颤振模型为算例，利用拉盖尔迭代方法自动计算颤振速度，并对优化算法的有效性进行了验证。研究表明，所提出的优化设计方法有效，实现了整个优化求解流程的自动化，对工程设计具有指导意义。     

基于新型变速趋近律的永磁同步电机滑模控制

为了改善永磁同步电机(PMSM)调速系统的动态品质,提出了一种基于变速趋近律方法的PMSM滑模速度控制策略。为了提高传统指数趋近律的收敛速度和消除系统抖阵现象的影响,在传统指数趋近律的基础上提出了一种新型变速趋近律方法,并应用该方法设计了一种PMSM调速系统的滑模速度控制器。通过仿真和试验结果对比分析,证明该算法不仅改善了系统的鲁棒性能,同时改善了系统的动态响应速度。     

三维制导的几何方法与鲁棒控制方法

 在考虑导弹速度和目标速度均为时变的情况下,将微分几何方法与李雅普诺夫稳定理论结合起来,提出了一种导弹三维导引规律设计新方法。对机动目标,PPNG方法的主要问题是在导引末段,它要求导弹在俯仰和偏航通道上具有较大的加速度,为了解决这一问题,本文应用基于李雅普诺夫稳定理论的鲁棒控制方法,提出了一种三维鲁棒制导算法。这种方法在导引末段不需要过大的加速度命令,不需要知道目标精确的加速度和速度方位信息。     

基于改进鸽群算法的气动捕获轨道优化

针对火星探测器的气动捕获轨道，提出了一种改进的鸽群算法对气动捕获轨道进行优化。首先，考虑成功进行气动捕获所要求的终端约束和过程约束，根据从捕获轨道进行轨道转移进入目标轨道所需的速度增量，提出了进行捕获轨道优化的最优性能指标。然后，针对原始鸽群算法存在的一些不足，提出一种改进算法，并对改进算法的参数取值进行了分析。最后，基于大气内飞行的动力学方程，将气动捕获轨道优化问题转化为多参数优化问题，利用所提出的改进鸽群算法对气动捕获轨道进行优化，并通过仿真实例验证该算法的有效性。     

基于非精确计算的空间探测相控阵雷达任务规划算法

针对空间探测相控阵雷达系统，提出了一种新的基于非精确计算模型的观测任务规划算法。首先，建立了目标观测的实时任务模型，并分析了观测任务所占用传感器的资源；其次，基于非精确计算模型，提出一种多任务并行的实时容错调度算法来解决观测任务规划问题，该算法综合考虑相控阵雷达的搜索任务与跟踪任务，来进行系统资源的分配。对于跟踪任务，算法结合目标的过境时间以及当前系统的负载情况，以此来确定雷达对该目标的观测时间段；最后给出了算法的评估方法。利用2886个低轨空间目标进行仿真验证，结果表明，基于非精确计算模型的任务规划算法，可显著提高系统调度成功率以及时间资源利用率．比传统方法更稳健。     

受限资源下制导武器末制导机器视觉技术研究

针对精确制导武器末制导机器视觉技术应用需求,研究了基于卷积神经网络的、针对复杂背景及小目标的自主目标检测识别算法,并分别进行了网络性能评估和硬件资源需求定量评估。针对最优算法,提出了基于嵌入式受限资源下的高精度神经网络压缩算法,并对算法进行了普适性评估。基于GPU嵌入式平台,实现TensorRT路线网络优化,并在速度和精度两方面均衡考虑下,对裁剪与量化算法进行了详细实验验证。实验结果表明,高精度神经网络压缩算法在硬件资源受限条件下,可以有效提升推理速度,最终经算法优化后的网络结构,可以获得3倍以上的速度提升,网络精度损失小于5%。     

基于多要素改进NSGA-Ⅱ的小直径制导炸弹空面打击最优火力分配方法

为了最大化提升小直径制导炸弹对面积目标的打击效率，提出基于多要素改进的非支配排序遗传算法的小直径制导炸弹空面打击最优火力分配方法。考虑制导炸弹的误差散布，运用网格法建立了单枚制导炸弹的打击效率评定模型，从而在此基础上建立了多枚制导炸弹的最优火力分配模型；构建了打击效率最大和用弹量最小的优化目标函数，建立了制导炸弹的最优火力分配模型。通过引入概率选择算子、混合交叉算子、改进精英保留策略对NSGA-Ⅱ算法中的多要素进行改进，增强算法的全局搜索能力，提升算法性能。仿真结果表明，MFM-NSGA-Ⅱ算法能够获得有效的小直径制导炸弹最优火力分配方案，最优火力分配结果对应的用弹量随场景参数的变化而改变，并且本文方法求解质量优于原NSGA-II算法和多目标粒子群算法。     

时空轨迹多维特征融合的行为规律挖掘算法

在预警监视系统中，利用数据挖掘技术可以从海量的目标时空轨迹数据中挖掘出目标的行为规律，实现态势信息的智能感知。目前大部分行为规律挖掘方法仅考虑目标轨迹的空间位置信息，忽略了航向和速度信息，因此难以区分空间位置相似但运动速度和方向不同的行为。除此之外，轨迹聚类算法普遍存在参数设置复杂的问题，而且容易受到轨迹行为分布密度的影响。针对上述问题，首先，通过构造时间滑窗定义了时空Hausdorff距离，可度量时空轨迹多维特征差异；其次，结合k最近邻和密度峰值聚类中决策图的思想，提出了时空轨迹多维特征融合的行为规律挖掘算法；最后，使用仿真飞行器轨迹和实测雷达轨迹数据进行实验分析和验证，结果表明在典型应用场景下本文算法可以准确地挖掘出目标所有行为规律，在智能监视任务中具有较好的应用前景。     

固定翼无人机编队集结控制算法研究

针对固定翼无人机协同作战时的编队集结问题，提出了一种新的路径规划和位置分配方法，并设计了包括航迹跟踪、高度保持和速度控制在内的自动驾驶仪。该路径规划算法通过矩阵迭代得到一组较优的目标点分配方案，满足总航程较小和同时到达约束。根据得到的各无人机飞向目标点的航迹，算出无人机编队集结的代价矩阵。在每架无人机确定了应飞航路后，开始沿航路飞向目标点，在此过程中，纵向采用高度保持自动驾驶仪，横向采用航迹跟踪自动驾驶仪，控制无人机按规定航迹飞行。速度调节自动驾驶仪可根据速度指令调节油门大小加减速，跟踪上目标速度，进而实现编队集结。仿真结果验证了所提出的编队集结控制方法的有效性和可行性。     

Automatic detection and tracking of a small surface watercraft in shallow water using a high-frequency active sonar

A high-frequency (HF) active sonar can be used to detect and track a small fast surface watercraft in shallow water based on the evolution of the watercraft wake observed in the sonar image sequence. An automatic detection and tracking (ADT) algorithm is described for this novel application. For each ping, the measurement of the target's polar position consists of 2 steps. First, the target bearing is estimated by finding the direction of arrival of the cavitation noise emitted by the watercraft. Then range measurements are extracted from the range profile (constant-angle cut of the sonar image) at the estimated target bearing. Range normalization and clutter map processing are used to reduce the number of false measurements. Estimates of the target's Cartesian position and velocity are updated at the sonar pulse repetition rate using the Kalman filter with debiased consistent converted measurements and nearest neighbour data association. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated using real data.     

基于目标间拓扑信息和运动信息的联合目标选择算法

针对单纯利用目标之间拓扑信息无法对具有旋转对称图形结构的编队中的目标进行选择识别的问题,提出了一种基于目标间拓扑信息和运动信息的联合目标选择算法。首先由编队中各目标划分出若干个三角形结构元,根据结构元中每个顶点的运动信息,定义出该结构元的运动信息,然后结合该结构元的拓扑信息,综合为一个归一化量值来考察不同结构元之间的相似度,以求进一步选择出旋转对称编队中的指定目标。仿真结果表明,与单纯利用拓扑信息识别的算法相比,本算法可较好地选择具有旋转对称图形结构的编队中的指定目标。     

Velocity estimation of fast moving targets using a single SAR sensor

A new methodology is presented to retrieve slant-range velocity estimates of moving targets inducing Doppler-shifts beyond the Nyquist limit determined by the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). The proposed approach exploits the linear dependence (not subject to PRF limitations) of the Doppler-shift with respect to the slant-range velocity, at each wavelength. Basically, we propose an algorithm to compute the skew of the two-dimensional spectral signature of a moving target. Distinctive features of this algorithm are its ability to cope with strong range migration and its efficiency from the computational point of view. By combining the developed scheme to retrieve the slant-range velocity with a methodology proposed earlier to estimate the velocity vector magnitude, the full velocity vector is unambiguously retrieved without increasing the mission PRF. The method gives effective results even when the returned echoes of the moving targets and the static ground overlap completely, provided that the moving targets signatures are digitally spotlighted and the signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) is, roughly, greater than 14 dB. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated with simulated and real data. As an example, slant-range velocities of moving objects with velocities between 6 and 12 times the Nyquist velocity are estimated with accuracy better than 3%.     

基于零化相对速度偏角的变结构末制导律设计

针对拦截问题,选取导弹和目标的相对速度矢量与导弹—目标视线之间的夹角（即相对速度偏角）作为滑模面,无须对导弹—目标相对运动学方程进行归一化,且不对弹目速度比进行限制,将有关目标运动的加速度和方位信息视为干扰量,应用变结构理论设计了一种变结构末制导律,并应用Lyapunov理论进行了稳定性分析。仿真结果表明,所设计的导引律对目标机动具有很强的鲁棒性。     

Trajectory prediction in pipeline form for intercepting hypersonic gliding vehicles based on LSTM

The interception problem of Hypersonic Gliding Vehicles (HGVs) has been an important aspect of missile defense systems. In order to provide interceptors with accurate information of target trajectory, a model based on an improved Long Short-Time Memory (LSTM) network for trajectory prediction pipeline is proposed for the interception of a skip gliding hypersonic target. Firstly, for trajectory prediction required by intercepting guidance laws, the altitude, velocity and velocity direction of the target are formulated in the form of analytic functions, consisting of linear decay terms and amplitude decay sinusoidal terms. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the model parameters are analyzed, and the target trajectory prediction pipeline is proposed with the prediction error considered. Finally, an improved LSTM network is designed to estimate parameters in a dynamically-updated manner, and estimation results are used for the calculation of the final trajectory prediction pipeline. The proposed prediction algorithm provides information on the velocity vector for midcourse guidance with the effect of prediction errors on interception taken into account. Simulation is conducted and the results show the high accuracy of the algorithm in HGVs’ trajectory prediction which is conducive to increasing the interception success rate.     

A Velocity Estimation Algorithm of Moving Targets using Single Antenna SAR

A new algorithm is proposed for velocity estimation of moving targets in single antenna synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Based on the fact that different velocity vectors cause different geometrical figures of the two-dimensional (2-D) signature in the range-Doppler (RD) domain, this algorithm estimates the azimuth and range velocities by a 2-D search such that the range cell migration correction (RCMC) and the second range compression (SRC) are correctly performed. It is shown that, using the proposed algorithm, the Doppler ambiguity problem can be avoided and satisfactory accurate velocity estimation can be obtained in high signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) scenarios.     

Angle-Independent Doppler Velocity Measurement

When the angle between the target heading and the range vector is not known a priori, a Doppler velocity radar must estimate them simultaneously by utilizing a longer section of the track. The conventional least squares iterative solution is compared with a new explicit alogorithm which utilizes range-rate derivatives. It is shown that the explicit algorithm is biased but is less sensitive to noise. The bias, however, can be estimated and removed. Hence, the computationally simpler explicit velocity estimation method yields better performance. An analytical closed form expression for the resulting mean square estimation error and simulation results are given.     

基于锥形运动的制导火箭速度控制导引律设计

针对制导火箭落点速度的约束要求,提出了一种采用锥形运动控制导弹飞行速度的导引方法。该方法首先设计了满足速度约束的虚拟目标理想运动轨迹,将导弹减速控制问题转化为对虚拟目标的追踪导引问题,通过建立制导火箭与虚拟目标的相对运动模型,分析了弹目相对位置和相对速度的关系,推导了具有速度控制的导引律一般形式,并采用动态逆控制理论设计了锥形运动控制指令和导引参数。通过数字仿真对比了不同落角约束条件下导弹锥形运动的速度控制效果,结果表明该方法设计的导引律能够满足制导火箭速度约束要求,且制导精度高、控制效果好,为导弹锥形运动速度控制技术提供了参考。     

A Kalman Tracker with a Simple Input Estimator

Two Kalman filter based schemes are proposed for tracking maneuvering targets. Both schemes use least squares to estimate a target's acceleration input vector and to update the tracker by this estimate. The first scheme is simpler and by an approximation to its input estimator the computation can be considerably reduced with insignificant performance degradation. The second scheme requires two Kalman filters and hence is more complex. However, since one of its two filters assumes input noise, it may outperform the first scheme when input noise is indeed present. A detector that compares the weighted norm of the estimated input vector to a threshold is used in each scheme. Its function is to guard against false updating of the trackers and to keep the error covariance small during constant velocity tracks. Simulation results for various target profiles are included. They show that in terms of tracking performance, both schemes are comparable. However, because of its computation simplicity, the first scheme is far superior.