MSG-3维修理念在维修工程管理中的应用(中)

为说明MSG-2和MSG-3分析逻辑的不同,以下简单介绍MSG-3的结构、系统和区域分析逻辑的应用。结构分析MSG-3结构分析首先将飞机结构分成重要结构项目(SSI)和其他结构项目。重要结构项目通常是飞机的主要结构,包括结构细节、结构元件和结构组合,并且承载飞行中产生的、地面运行过程中和飞机增压/释压循环过程中的主要应力负载。重要结构项目的失效将导致结构功能的丧失或结构剩余强度的降低。其他结构项目是除了重要结构项目以外的次要结构部分。其他结构项目主要包括承受次要结构所产生的惯性负载或承受空气动了所产生的载荷。选择重要…     

飞机机翼结构质量分配方法研究

提出了一种机翼结构质量分配方法 ,能根据飞机总体设计参数 ,把机翼结构质量分配到承弯结构、承剪结构、分布气动载荷所需结构、起落架安装影响结构、外挂物安装影响结构、油箱安装影响结构、前缘结构、后缘结构、襟翼结构、副翼结构、机翼机身接头及其他杂项元件结构 ,共分为 12个功能结构部分。首先建立了飞机总体设计阶段机翼结构质量分配的分析模型 ;然后根据现有飞机机翼的质量和飞机总体几何参数 ,用参数优化方法确定了该分析模型中的结构修正系数 ;从而得到一个机翼结构质量分配模型。用 8架飞机的机翼所完成的算例证明了该方法的有效性和合理性。     

航空发动机整机结构效率评估参数与计算方法

根据航空发动机整机结构系统功能和设计要求,对整机结构效率内涵进行了详细阐述,基于整机载荷特征,建立了从抗变形能力和力学环境适应能力两方面对整机进行结构效率评估的参数体系.通过对转静间隙变化量、应变能分布系数、敏感度系数等评估参数归一化方法及结构效率系数运算法则的建立,明确了结构效率的分析流程.以某小涵道比涡扇发动机为对象进行结构效率评估,详细给出了结构效率的计算过程.针对该小涵道比涡扇发动机的另一种结构方案2,基于结构效率评估方法进行评估并与原结构方案进行了对比分析,结果表明:原结构方案在抗变形能力和力学环境适应能力两方面均优于结构方案2,结构效率系数比结构方案2高出0.11,初步验证了结构效率评估方法的工程实用性.      

基于拓扑与尺寸优化的飞机发动机支撑架轻量化设计

为了提高飞机结构性能,实现为机身结构减重的设计目的,通过拓扑和尺寸优化对飞机发动机支撑架结构进行轻量化设计。在新结构的基础上,以各管件外径为自变量,以结构的最大变形为约束,以体积最小为优化目标,利用遗传算法获得结构的最优尺寸。综合对比优化前和优化后的结构,结果显示通过拓扑与尺寸优化得到的结构有更好的力学性能和更轻的结构重量。     

面向飞行器结构的健康监控技术研究现状

随着航空科学技术的飞速发展,大量新型材料和先进工艺的应用,现代飞行器结构外形、结构形式具有越来越复杂的趋势,传统的结构损伤监测与结构可靠性设计面临着新的挑战。结构健康监控技术采用先进的传感器在线监测结构响应,实时获取结构健康状态,评估结构剩余寿命,制定飞行器结构维修决策,是确保服役飞行器安全可靠运行的必要手段。综述了结构健康监控技术的研究进展、应用场合与发展历程,包括结构健康监控系统组成以及基本原理、基于超声导波的全局损伤诊断技术、基于光纤传感的结构状态感知技术、局部敏感区域损伤诊断技术、多传感器融合诊断技术、结构健康评估技术等,展望了面向飞行器结构健康监控技术的发展趋势。     

飞行器新结构技术展望

随着飞行器设计需求的提升，飞行器结构不断向结构功能一体化、智能化等方向发展，飞行器新结构技术是飞行器结构发展需求的体现。本文从飞行器结构设计技术发展的维度出发，着重对近几十年来出现的飞行器结构创新概念及理念进行了汇总和整理，形成了对航空航天飞行器结构技术发展趋势的研判，分别从轻质/多功能结构、智能结构、变形/变体结构、仿生材料/结构和防隔热承载一体化结构5个方面展开介绍和分析，最后给出对航空和航天飞行器结构技术发展趋势的总结，这些结论可对后续飞行器结构设计专业的发展提供有益借鉴。     

下一代机载计算机结构

下一代机载计算机结构的发展方向是模块化结构。本文介绍了模块化机载计算机的模块结构和安装箱结构，并给出了这种结构所带来的特性及优点。     

一种新型的材料结构复合材料网格结构

复合材料网格结构是一种网状肋条结构,由于该结构具有较大的截面惯性矩和结构的可设计性,主要应用在抗屈曲结构中。 网格结构一般制成薄壁圆筒或圆锥体,基本的网格结构件没有蒙皮,但根据设计要求,构件可制成单面或双面复合蒙皮。网格结构一般可分为三角形网格结构和六角形网格结构,三角形网格结构(如图1)的任一节点上都有三条肋相互交叉,纤维架空严重;而六角形网格结构(如图2)的任一节点上仅有两条肋交叉,从而减少了的纤维架空。     

滑动摩擦式变焦距镜头结构误差分析

常见的凸轮结构变焦距镜头有两大类:滑动摩擦结构和滚动摩擦结构.首先将从两种结构的比较入手,根据滑动摩擦结构误差产生的不同种情况,给予理论分析,从而为滑动摩擦结构提高成像精度提供理论依据.     

两种升降回转定位装置的设计

介绍了功能完全相同、结构不同的两种升降回转定位装置的设计实例,讨论了两种设计结构各自的特点。两种结构分别命名为框架式结构和中空柱式结构,框架式结构以标准直线光轴为结构件主体和导向部件,优点是加工装配方便,适用于行程短,负载小,结构轻巧,预算成本小的场合;中空柱式结构以结构用无缝钢管为结构件主体,优点是结构刚性和导向稳定性好,适用于行程长、负载大、结构紧凑、预算成本大的场合。     

并联TBCC可调进气道并联方案

对并联涡轮基组合循环(TBCC)可调进气道并联方案进行了归纳分析,提出了一种分类方法和两种并联方案。对4种典型并联方案在马赫数为2.5的模态转换工况进行了稳态仿真分析。结果表明:后开纯内并联方案在模态转换过程中总流量变化很小,其余3种的总流量系数随着涡轮通道的关闭都是逐渐减小的,涡轮通道流量系数逐渐降低,冲压通道升高。4种方案冲压通道流量系数在模态转换过程中均是逐渐升高的,后开纯内并联方案具有最低的冲压通道平均流量系数,变化幅度最大,其余3种方案变化幅度均较小。前开纯外并联和混合式内并联两种方案的涡轮通道出口总压恢复在模态转换过程中呈减小趋势,另外两种方案的总压恢复呈略微增大趋势,其中前开纯外并联平均总压恢复最低,而混合式内并联方案的平均总压恢复最高。      

Two Methods of Ambiguity Resolution in Pulse Doppler Weather Radars

A comparison is made of the performance of a weather Doppler radar with a staggered pulse repetition time and a radar with a random (but known) phase. As a standard for this comparison, the specifications of the forthcoming next generation weather radar (NEXRAD) are used. A statistical analysis of the spectral moment estimates for the staggered scheme is developed, and a theoretical expression for the signal-to-noise ratio due to recohering-filtering-recohering for the random phase radar is obtained. Algorithms for assignment of correct ranges to pertinent spectral moments for both techniques are presented.     

直升机外挂吊运技术研究

直升机外部吊挂运送物资在国防和国民经济建设中有极为广泛的用途。本文以直8A型机和米171直升机为例，对直升机外挂吊运的飞行性能计算、全机稳定性、吊具系统的设计、飞行员和指挥员、信号员和索具员如何协调等问题进行了研究分析，为今后执行外挂吊运任务的设计和实施，提供了有价值的建议。     

Optimum blade loading for a powered rotor in descent

The optimum loading for rotors has previously been found for hover, climb and wind turbine conditions;but, up to now, no one has determined the optimum rotor loading in descent. This could be an important design consideration for rotary-wing parachutes and low-speed des-cents. In this paper, the optimal loading for a powered rotor in descent is found from momentum theory based on a variational principle. This loading is compared with the optimal loading for a rotor in hover or climb and with the Betz rotor loading (which is optimum for a lightly-loaded rotor). Wake contraction for each of the various loadings is also presented.     

Pseudorandom Frequency Modulation in Range-Doppler Radar

In many radar systems, efficient use of transmitter power requires the transmission of a constant-amplitude signal for a substantial fraction of time; for a monotonic transmission, however, the range resolution is restricted by the length of the transmitted pulse. Linear frequency modulation removes this constraint for targets with negligible, or known, radial velocities; it is not suitable, however, for simultaneous observations of range and radial velocity (Doppler shift). This paper describes a class of waveforms suitable for simultaneous measurement of range and Doppler shift. These waveforms are characterized by a uniform distribution in frequency and by pseudorandom frequency changes. Uniform frequency distribution is attained by a uniform spacing of frequencies with each frequency present for an identical length of time. Frequency changes are effected by sequencing the frequencies with a pseudorandom number generator. Ambiguity functions are computed for pseudorandom frequencymodulated waveforms designed for ionospheric backscatter studies. By suitable choice of parameters, the ambiguity function becomes a narrow central peak surrounded by a plateau whose height varies randomly between zero and approximately twice its average. Waveform generation by means of a digital frequency synthesizer and data reconstruction considerations are described.     

Subsonic impulsively starting flow at a high angle of attack with shock wave and vortex interaction

Impulsively starting flow, by a sudden attainment of a large angle of attack, has been well studied for incompressible and supersonic flows, but less studied for subsonic flow. Recently, a preliminary numerical study for subsonic starting flow at a high angle of attack displays an advance of stall around a Mach number of 0.5, when compared to other Mach numbers. To see what happens in this special case, we conduct here in this paper a further study for this case, to display and analyze the full flow structures. We find that for a Mach number around 0.5, a local supersonic flow region repeatedly splits and merges, and a pair of left-going and right-going unsteady shock waves are embedded inside the leading edge vortex once it is sufficiently grown up and detached from the leading edge. The flow evolution during the formation of shock waves is displayed in detail. The reason for the formation of these shock waves is explained here using the Laval nozzle flow theory. The existence of this shock pair inside the vortex, for a Mach number only close to 0.5, may help the growing of the trailing edge vortex responsible for the advance of stall observed previously.     

Intelligent control of a planning system for astronaut training

This work intends to design, analyze and solve, from the systems control perspective, a complex, dynamic, and multiconstrained planning system for generating training plans for crew members of the NASA-led International Space Station. Various intelligent planning systems have been developed within the framework of artificial intelligence. These planning systems generally lack a rigorous mathematical formalism to allow a reliable and flexible methodology for their design, modeling, and performance analysis in a dynamical, time-critical, and multiconstrained environment. Formulating the planning problem in the domain of discrete-event systems under a unified framework such that it can be modeled, designed, and analyzed as a control system will provide a self-contained theory for such planning systems. This will also provide a means to certify various planning systems for operations in the dynamical and complex environments in space. The work presented here completes the design, development, and analysis of an intricate, large-scale, and representative mathematical formulation for intelligent control of a real planning system for Space Station crew training. This planning system has been tested and used at NASA-Johnson Space Center     

Analytic example of a Schweppe likelihood-ratio detector

A low-dimensional test problem with a known solution is used to verify various computer implementations of F.C. Schweppe's likelihood detector (1965). In this case a closed-form solution is provided for a Schweppe likelihood detector in terms of an intermediate Kalman filter, as utilized in its implementation, for detecting the presence of a two-state signal model in Gaussian white noise. The associated error probabilities are also evaluated following a procedure that utilizes optimized Chernoff-like bounds for a tight approximation. A methodology is demonstrated for appropriately setting the decision threshold for this example as a tradeoff against allowable observation time. By using this or similar examples, certain qualitative and quantitative aspects of the software implementation can be checked for conformance to anticipated behavior as an intermediate benchmark, prior to modular replacement of the various high-order matrices appropriate to the particular application     

复杂串、并联系统的可靠性分配方法

根据串联系统中分系统相对复杂度越低,对其可靠性要求也就越高;并联系统中分系统相对重要程度越高、相对复杂程度越低,对其可靠性要求也就越高的原则,在传统的考虑重要度与复杂度可靠性分配方法基础上,提出了一种更易于设计实验及现场记录获取数据的适用于复杂串、并联系统的可靠性分配方法。基于此方法开发的软件已经应用于工程实际工作,并获得了良好的效果。     

Achieving higher levels of electronic integration throughsystem-on-chip

All aerospace vehicles have the common constraint of limited space for the electronic systems. The challenge has always been how to pack effective electronic systems into the space available. Higher levels of electronic integration can give a competitive advantage; for example, by providing extra channels in a communications satellite thereby increasing revenue to the operator. Today's deep sub-micron manufacturing processes for integrated electronics offer an opportunity for a step change for electronic functionality that can be packaged in a given space. This technology makes possible, for the first time, a true system-on-chip approach to electronic systems, which is already being exploited by the commercial sector in products such as the mobile telephone