Evolution analysis of a UAV real-time operating system from a network perspective

With the flourishing development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), the mission tasks of UAVs have become more and more complex. Consequently, a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) that provides operating environments for various mission services on these UAVs has become crucial, which leads to the necessity of having a deep understanding of an RTOS. In this paper, an empirical study is conducted on FreeRTOS, a commonly used RTOS for UAVs, from a complex network perspective. A total of 85 releases of FreeRTOS, from V2.4.2 to V10.0.0, are modeled as directed networks, in which the nodes represent functions and the edges denote function calls. It is found that the size of the FreeRTOS network has grown almost linearly with the evolution of the versions, while its main core has evolved steadily. In addition, a k-core analysis-based metric is proposed to identify major functionality changes of FreeRTOS during its evolution. The result shows that the identified versions are consistent with the version change logs. Finally, it is found that the clustering coefficient of the Linux OS scheduler is larger than that of the FreeRTOS scheduler. In conclusion, the empirical results provide useful guidance for developers and users of UAV RTOSs.     

Non-standard mixing in stars

One of the most powerful tests of the stellar evolution theory is analysis of stars' atmospheric chemical composition. It has shown that some non-standard mixing different from ordinary convection, semiconvection and convective overshooting seems to occur in stellar interiors. In the present study Zahn's rotationally induced turbulent diffusion is assumed to be responsible for such kind of mixing. We compare results of our evolutionary calculations with available observational data for massive main-sequence stars and red giants in globular clusters.     

演化策略用于高维故障样本集最优统计聚类分析

针对液体火箭发动机推进系统超高维故障样本数据的聚类问题 ,提出基于演化策略的最优统计聚类算法。为预防算法过早收敛 ,演化策略采用了父本适应值的动态调整值与共享函数 ,并针对超高维数据聚类提出了控制参数的适应性调整技术 ;为使算法能最终跳出局部最优死区 ,提出算法的局部调整策略。该算法用于液体火箭发动机典型故障仿真数据集分析 ,并取得了最优聚类结果。此外 ,还基于IRIS数据集比较了该算法与FKCN模糊自主聚类算法。仿真分析表明了算法在高维数据聚类分析中的优点。     

海上军事运输计划制定的演进稳定策略及军事运输网络的生存性

根据演进稳定策略的概念对运输计划制定的演进稳定策略进行了研究,利用随机过程的方法分析了运输网络生存性并给出了有关结论。     

Double-zone model with diffusive mixing and the mass and helium discrepancies in OB-stars

A model for massive main sequence (MS) stars is proposed that quantitatively accounts for the mass and helium discrepancies in luminous OB stars. The radiative envelope of the model consists of two zones being mixed by rotationally induced turbulent diffusion during the star's evolution on the MS. The rate of the mixing in the outer zone is assumed to be substantially lower than that in the inner zone. Both, the mass and helium discrepancy, are shown to be due to helium enrichment in the envelope produced by turbulent diffusion. Some arguments to support this double-zone stellar model are given.Alexander von Humboldt Fellow     

先进树脂基复合材料固化过程的铺放缺陷演变规律研究

以纤维皱曲此类典型铺放缺陷为研究对象,研究了预浸料-热压罐工艺过程中复合材料铺放缺陷的演变规律,并对其固化后成形质量及力学性能进行对比分析。研究表明:较短预浸料铺贴及适中的固化压力,有利于提高固化过程中纤维顺应性及试件平整性,可有效弱化纤维皱曲此类铺放缺陷;本实验条件下,70mm复合材料试片在0.4 MPa固化压力下对铺放缺陷的改善效果相对最显著,固化后试片可获得相对较高的力学性能。     

军机型号研制工作网络图的沿革及其完善

在查阅、对比和分析国内大量飞机型号研制工作I、II级网络图的基础上,对我国航空主机厂飞机型号研制工作网络图的沿革轨迹进行了归纳和分析。根据国家有关飞机型号研制工作网络图的标准,结合现代项目管理形势发展需求,对飞机型号研制工作网络图提出了进一步完善和规范的建议。     

Origin and Evolution of the Light Nuclides

After a short historical (and highly subjective) introduction to the field, I discuss our current understanding of the origin and evolution of the light nuclides D, ³He, ⁴He, ⁶Li, ⁷Li, ⁹Be, ¹⁰B and ¹¹B. Despite considerable observational and theoretical progress, important uncertainties still persist for each and every one of those nuclides. The present-day abundance of D in the local interstellar medium is currently uncertain, making it difficult to infer the recent chemical evolution of the solar neighborhood. To account for the observed quasi-constancy of ³He abundance from the Big Bang to our days, the stellar production of that nuclide must be negligible; however, the scarce observations of its abundance in planetary nebulae seem to contradict this idea. The observed Be and B evolution as primaries suggests that the source composition of cosmic rays has remained ∼constant since the early days of the Galaxy, a suggestion with far reaching implications for the origin of cosmic rays; however, the main idea proposed to account for that constancy, namely that superbubbles are at the source of cosmic rays, encounters some serious difficulties. The best explanation for the mismatch between primordial Li and the observed “Spite-plateau” in halo stars appears to be depletion of Li in stellar envelopes, by some yet poorly understood mechanism. But this explanation impacts on the level of the recently discovered early “⁶Li plateau”, which (if confirmed), seriously challenges current ideas of cosmic ray nucleosynthesis.     

Evolution of wall flow structure and measurement of shear stress issuing from supersonic jet with extended shelf

This paper reports an experimental study on the supersonic jet surface flow structure visualization and shear stress field measurement issuing from a rectangular nozzle with extended shelf. The evolution of the near-field surface flow structures with an increased Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR) is successfully captured by the surface oil flow, infrared detection technology, and the Shear-Sensitive Liquid Crystal Coating (SSLCC) technique. Results reveal that under smaller NPR, the wall flow structure is similar to that of a jet without the extended shelf i.e., clean jets, and this is caused by insufficient effect on the boundary layer. However, at higher amplitudes of NPR, there exists a significant effect of the boundary layer, as a near triangular separation forms on the trailing edge of the Mach stem due to the adverse pressure gradient, which is visualized for the very first time in this paper. Furthermore, the vector field of shear stress is measured quantitatively by SSLCC technique. Results shows that the magnitude of shear stress heightened with NPR increasing, and the directions of shear stress changes across the shock wave and expansion fans. In addition, surface streamlines measured by SSLCC is significantly consistent with the streamlines visualized using the oil flow technique.     

以持续抽象策略实现软件体系架构进化

以对传统的模型-视图-控制器(MVC)体系架构框架实施的进化过程为例,针对软件系统的体系架构模式／框架设计,识别并提出一种新的进化式设计理念体系:基于持续抽象策略的进化式设计理念体系; 并探索了以这种理念体系及其语言记录和传承软件系统设计经验及其进化能力历史的可能性。本文指出,架构方案的可抽象能力是软件架构进化能力的核心因素,决定架构方案在软件进化过程中的生存能力。新的进化式设计方法学理念体系建议以持续抽象过程作为体系架构设计的进化策略,以领导软件体系架构的进化方向,持续加强软件体系架构的可靠性、可扩展性、动态性和可复用性。还介绍了这一新的设计方法学理念体系在信号和逻辑集成工具SAL Studio1．0设计开发过程中的实践。     

区间不确定信息下可修系统基于幂律过程的贝叶斯可靠性评估方法研究

贝叶斯方法常用于小子样场合下航空航天等领域中可修系统的可靠性评估，由于一些不确定因素影响致使无法精确收集先验信息和/或可修系统的故障信息，但却可获得其上下界信息。针对区间不确定信息情形，本文提出多台可修系统当其失效过程服从幂律过程（PLP）时的贝叶斯可靠性分析方法，将信息先验下PLP模型基于区间信息的贝叶斯分析转化为所求目标函数恰是该先验下PLP 模型传统贝叶斯分析的约束优化问题；具体工程实例对本文所提方法的可行性，有效性进行验证。结果表明：本文所提贝叶斯可靠性分析方法能够为小子样场合下，考虑不确定性因素影响时可修系统的可靠性评估问题研究提供一种值得参考的方法。     

一种基于微观组织演化的率形式本构模型

为建立塑性变形中微观组织演化与宏观响应的关系,依据定义的率扩散势导出了考虑温度影响的率形式流动应力方程,修正了Chaboche非线性各向同性硬化准则以考虑位错密度演化对硬化的贡献,以位错密度为内变量建立了位错密度演化模型,提出了一种基于微观组织演化机理的率形式本构模型。以927℃钛合金Ti-6Al-4V热单拉实验数据为基础,通过遗传算法确定了模型材料常数。将计算结果与实验数据进行比较,最大应力误差在12%以内,最大晶粒尺寸误差在4%以内,证明了模型的有效性。     

不同初始温度下等离子体对H2/Air混合物燃烧影响

等离子体助燃过程是一个非平衡的,瞬时的,极不均匀的物理化学过程,活性粒子在等离子体助燃计算中是一个关键难题。文章建立H2/Air燃烧的化学动力学模型,计算与分析了在非平衡等离子体条件下,气体放电产生的活性粒子(O,H)和活性基(OH)在不同初始温度下对燃烧过程中参与燃烧的组分以及温度和压力的影响,为航空发动机燃烧室等离子体助燃实验研究和实际应用提供理论依据。数学模型的计算结果表明等离子体助燃可以提高反应效率,缩短延迟时间,增加燃烧温度,火焰传播速率,强烈影响H2/Air混合物燃烧效果。     

基于适当控制翼型演化历程的气动设计方法

本文提出一种翼型设计的新方法,它基于适当控制翼型演化历程,采用求解非定常流动控制方程的方法,实现了翼型反问题的高效求解.同时在笛卡尔坐标系中应用Level-Set函数,避免了贴体动网格的采用,从而大大减少了所需计算工作量.     

Shock interactions in the outer heliosphere

Observations of plasma and magnetic fields by Pioneer 10 and 11 and Voyager 1 and 2 reveal that MHD shocks are an important component of the large-scale solar wind structures in the outer heliosphere. This review discusses recent progress in simulation studies of the nonlinear evolution of the solar wind structures, and in particular concentrates on the theoretical development and applications of the shock interactions model. Various stream propagation models, which do not use the Rankine-Hugoniot relations to calculate the jump conditions at shock crossings, have been used to simulate the essential evolution process of isolated streams and the formation and propagation of corotating and transient shocks. They produce fairly good results in the region up to a few AU. In 1984, the shock interactions model was introduced to study the evolution of large-scale solar wind structures in the region outside 1 AU up to several tens of AU. The model uses the exact Rankine-Hugoniot relations to calculate the shock speed and shock strength at all shock crossings. So that the model can more accurately calculate the shock speeds and the accumulated irreversible shock heating of plasma at several tens of AU. The applications of the shock interactions model are presented in three groups. (a) The first group covers the basic interaction of a shock with the ambient solar wind, the formation and propagation of shock pairs, and the collision and merging of shocks. (b) The second group covers the use of the shock interactions model to simulate the nonlinear evolution of large-scale solar wind structures in the outer heliosphere. These simulation results can provide the detailed evolution process for large-scale solar wind structures in the vast region not directly observed. Two selected studies are reported. (c) Finally, the shock interactions model is applied to studying the heating of the solar wind in the outer heliosphere. The model calculations support shocks being chiefly responsible for the heating of the solar wind plasma in the outer heliosphere at least up to 30 AU.     

柱面气相散心爆轰波胞格演化规律研究

本文采用二阶精度NND格式,应用改进的二阶段化学反应模型,通过求解二维Euler方程对柱面气相散心爆轰波胞格演化过程进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明在传播过程中,空间尺度的扩张导致了散心爆轰波后气流的自然膨胀,使得多波结构的爆轰阵面呈现出显著的胞格自组织特性.根据计算结果与理论分析,本文归纳了五种胞格演化模式,分别命名为内凹波阵面会聚、波阵面扭结、褶皱波面失稳、胞格自合并和三波点滑移,并定义了各种模式的物理特征,分析了其相关的演化机制和规律.     

TiC 颗粒增强钛基复合材料的动态损伤本构

分析了TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的微损伤演化规律,建立了含损伤演化的动态本构模型。TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料在拉伸载荷作用下,微裂纹以翼型裂纹形式扩展,基于平面翼型裂纹扩展模型,建立了二维动态损伤本构关系,并退化到一维拉伸状态,假设微裂纹成核规律满足Weibull分布,得到了一维拉伸应力状态下能够反映TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的损伤演化规律的宏细观相结合的动态本构关系。模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

基于自适应遗传算法的航迹规划研究

对传统遗传算法进行了改进,通过采用交叉概率和变异概率的自适应设计,避免了进化过程中固定的交叉概率和变异概率产生的个体早熟和收敛缓慢的现象。仿真算例结果表明,自适应遗传算法能够有效地提高遗传算法的全局寻优能力,加快算法的收敛速度,有较强的地形和威胁回避能力,可为低空突防飞行器提供满足战术要求的参考航迹。     

TC4钛合金焊接接头疲劳损伤演变模型研究

对航空发动机焊接式整体叶盘结构,用损伤力学理论研究焊接接头低周疲劳损伤演化规律,以带内变量的热力学为基础,根据低周疲劳损伤特性及耦合的应变等价原理,建立了焊接低周疲劳损伤演变模型。用控制应变的疲劳试验,对航空发动机中常用的TC4钛合金焊接试件进行了疲劳损伤的测量,验证了损伤演变模型。模型中的参数具有明确的物理意义,且容易测量。研究结果对航空发动机焊接式整体叶盘寿命预测有参考价值。      

InvesInvestigation of the Effects of Airfoil-probes on the Aerodynamic Performance of an Axial Compressor

In order to investigate the effects of the airfoil-probes on the aerodynamic performance of an axial compressor,a numerical simulation of 3D flow field is performed in a 1.5-stage axial compressor with airfoil-probes installed at the stator leading-edge(LE).The airfoil-probes have a negative influence on the compressor aerodynamic performance at all operating points.A streamwise vortex is induced by the airfoil-probe along both sides of the blade.At the mid-operating point,the vortex is notable along the pressure side and is relatively small along the suction side(SS).At the near-stall point,the vortex is slightly suppressed in the pressure surface(PS),but becomes remarkable in the suction side.A small local-separation is induced by the interactions between the vortex and the end-wall boundary layer in the corner region near the hub.That the positive pitch angle of the airfoil-probe at 6.5% span is about 15° plays an important role in the vortex evolution near the hub,which causes the fact that the airfoil-probe near the hub has the largest effects among the four airfoil-probes.In order to get a further understanding of the vortex evolution in the stator in the numerical simulation,a flow visualization experiment in a water tunnel is performed.The flow visualization results give a deep insight into the evolution of the vortex induced by the airfoil-probe.