对"计量确认""计量检定""校准"的探讨

从计量确认、计量检定与校准的定义出发,探讨三者内涵及其相互之间的关系,分析三者在实际应用中经常出现的问题,并提出解决的方法。     

论“异化”与“归化”翻译策略

论文探讨了"异化" 与"归化"的中外文渊源及其内涵,对比分析了"异化"与"归化"和"直译"与"意译"的辩证关系,并进一步预测了"异化" 与"归化"的发展趋势.这两对术语的界定与区分属于范畴基础研究,这种研究有助于范畴的规范化及翻译理论体系的建立,也有利于指导翻译教学与实践.     

"规范性"及伦理规范的"基础"问题

伦理规范的"基础"问题是伦理学最为根本性的问题,它关涉伦理规范论证的合理性与要求的合法性。伦理规范的"规范性"特征,是分析和研究伦理规范"基础"问题的根基,对"规范性"的分析有助于澄清伦理规范"基础"研究中的一些问题,从而为进一步研究奠定基础。     

Synchronized SETI-the case for "opposition"

If the signals being sought in search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) programs exist but are brief (for example, they are produced intermittently to conserve energy), then it is essential to know when these signals will arrive at the Earth. Different types of transmitter/receiver synchronization schemes are possible, which vary in the relative amount of effort required by the transmitter and the receiver. The case is made for a scheme that is extremely simple for the receiver: Make observations of a target when it is at maximum angular distance from the Sun (i.e., "opposition"). This strategy requires that the transmitter has accurate knowledge of the distance and proper motion of the Sun and the orbit of the Earth. It is anticipated that within the next 10-20 years it will be possible to detect directly nearby extrasolar planets of approximately terrestrial mass. Since extraterrestrial transmitters are expected to have significantly more advanced technology, it is not unreasonable to expect that they would be able to detect the presence of the Earth and measure its orbit at even greater distances. This strategy is simple to implement, and opposition is also typically the time when observations are easiest to make. Limited opposition surveys contained in a number of all-sky surveys have already been performed. However, full-sky opposition surveys are best suited to detectors with very large fields of view.     

铺筑“天路”的“西北狼”——随西北空管局工会慰问玉树机场空管工程建设者见闻

歌手韩红把青藏铁路唱作《天路》,我感觉还不够形象,把机场的跑道比作“天路”我觉得更贴切些。因为它迎来了、送走了在天空中飞行的银鹰。在祖国大西北的疆土上．在茫茫的戈壁上。在浩瀚无垠的沙漠里,在雪域高原之巅,有一支铺筑“天路”的民用机场空管工程建设队伍,十几年如一日,为了西北地区民用机场地建设,把汗水抛洒在大西北的“天路”上,把青春留在了空管工程建设工地上,他们就是西北空管局装备公司的工程技术人员们。这是一支威武之师,白嘲为“西北狼”．他们特别能吃苦,也特别能战斗。     

The first "space" vegetables have been grown in the "SVET" greenhouse using controlled environmental conditions

The paper describes the "SVET" project--a new generation of space greenhouse with small dimensions. Through the use of a minicomputer, "SVET" is fully capable of automatically operating and controlling environmental systems for higher plant growth. A number of preliminary studies have shown the radish and cabbage to be potentially important crops for CELSS (Closed Environmental Life Support System). The "SVET" space greenhouse was mounted on the "CRYSTAL" technological module docked to the Mir orbital space station on 10 June 1990. Soviet cosmonauts Balandin and Solovyov started the first experiments with the greenhouse on 15 June 1990. Preliminary results of seed cultivation over an initial 54-day period in "SVET" are presented. Morphometrical characteristics of plants brought back to Earth are given. Alteration in plant characteristics, such as growth and developmental changes, or morphological contents were noted. A crop of radish plants was harvested under microgravity conditions. Characteristics of plant environmental control parameters and an estimation of functional properties of control and regulation systems of the "SVET" greenhouse in space flight as received via telemetry data is reported.     

首位太空“值班员”:“礼炮”1号——世界第一座空间站发射40周年纪念

1971年4月19日,世界上第一座空间站"礼炮"1号由苏联研制并发射上天,从此以后,人类开始了可以在太空长期驻扎进行研究的探索新阶段。2011年4月19日是"礼炮"1号空间站发射40周年纪念日,我们特此刊登本文,以示纪念。     

"再创作"中的译者形象

翻译从本质上说,是一种信息传递的过程,奈达、范仲英、钱钟书都曾提出过类似的观点一篇好的译文应该使译文读者产生与原文读者大概相同或类似的感受.但不同国家的语言、文化大相径庭,译者要翻译出一篇好的译文,使译文读者产生与原文一致的感受,就得不拘泥原文的形式,在原文的基础上进行"再创作"--躯壳换了一个,但精神依然故我.在再创作过程中,译者三位一体,至关重要,译者的主观因素影响着译作的好坏,决定着译文的风格.但译者仿佛一个就着镣铐的舞者--必须受到原文,原作者译语读者等限制.译者要方寸之地舞出自己的一片天空,就必须具备相当的外语水平、汉语水平、知识水平、工作态度.     

Results of space experiment program "Interferon"

The results of the biological space experiment "Interferon" performed by two international cosmonaut teams (26 May 1980, and 16 May 1981) aboard space laboratory Solyut-6 are reported: (1) Human lymphocytes separated from blood of healthy donors and placed into "Interferon I" equipment could be kept for 7 days in suspension culture under spaceflight conditions. Interferon production could be induced in human lymphocytes by preparations of different origin: virus, synthetic polyribonucleotides, bacterial protein and plant pigment. An increased lymphocyte interferon production in space laboratory compared to ground control was observed. (2) Human interferon preparations and interferon inducers placed in space laboratory at room temperature for 7 days maintained their biological activity. (3) A decrease of induced interferon production and natural killer activity of lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood of cosmonauts was observed on the 1st day on Earth after 7-days spaceflight.     

Long-term operation of "Orlan" space suits in the "Mir" orbiting station: experience obtained and its application

The started assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) and its further operation will call for a great number of extravehicular activity sorties (EVA) to be performed by ISS crews. Therefore, of great importance is to make use of the EVA experience gained by cosmonauts in the process of 15-year operation of the Mir orbiting station (OS). Over the 15-year period, Mir crewmembers wearing Orlan type semi-rigid space suits have accumulated 158 man/sorties from the orbiting station. Crewmembers used 15 suits in orbit and some of the suits were in operation for more than 3 years. The paper presents principal design features, which provide effective and safe operation of orbit-based suits, and briefly describes procedures for preparation and maintenance of suit systems, which ensure long-term operation of space suit in orbit. The paper gives results of the space suit modifications, presents suit performance characteristics and lists novel or upgraded components of the space suit and its systems. The paper also summarizes improvements in the Orlan type suits described in some earlier publications. They refer, in the first run, to the improvement of space suit operations characteristics and reliability, and the utilization of the Orlan type space suit in the ISS program. The paper analyses the experience gained and drawbacks detected and observations made, and gives statistical data on long-term space suit operations aboard the Mir station. The paper reviews certain problems in the process of EVAs performed from the station, and describes the ways of their solution as applied to the further utilization of the suit within the ISS program.     

“发现”号航天飞机小传

1983年10月,美国第三架航天飞机"发现"号正式完工出厂;11月,正式加入航天飞机队伍。从此时起,"发现"号开始来往于天地之间,前后共成功完成了近40次太空飞行任务,超过了航天飞机队伍中的其他任意一架。在NASA专家的眼中,"发现"号是美国航天飞机队伍中最值得信任的一架。     

俄罗斯“火星—96”探测器

该文主要叙述俄罗斯“火星—96”探测器的飞行过程,着陆器在火星上的着陆过程以及穿透器的工作情况。     

“大学英语”课程建设与改革探索

随着教育部《大学英语课程教学要求》的正式颁布,大学英语教学改革成了我国高等教育改革的热门话题。文章以大学英语教学现存的种种问题为切人点,结合北华航天工业学院的实际情况,着重就如何进行改革展开了讨论,以期能够更有效地解决学院大学英语教学存在的问题。     

海上“网络中心战”

海上"网络中心战"以计算机网络为中心和基础,使整个海上战场、各种部队、各个武器平台形成有机的整体,以提高海上整体作战效能.介绍了"网络中心战"的体系结构和协同交战能力系统,进行了作战效能分析.     

飘浮太空的“冷杀手”

自1957年苏联把全世界第一颗人造卫星送上天，人类在太空中纵横翱游，享尽自由与辉煌的同时，仿佛弹指一挥间，数以亿计的太空垃圾布满了我们头顶的天空。愕然也好，惊诧也罢，人类飞天，众多的“冷杀手”已然横空出世，并将越来越多地抢占我们的太空，成为人类开拓太空不可小觑的对手，甚至成为不少事件的主角。可以说，人类征服太空的豪情之下，不经意或率性种下的苦果，必须由自己慢慢消化、解决。     

“加加林”飞天——第27长期考察组值守国际空间站

4月5日,搭载了国际空间站第27长期考察组3名航天员的"联盟TMA一21"飞船从拜科努尔发射升空。与以往发射的"联盟"号飞船不同的是,"联盟TMA一21"飞船有一个特殊的名称:"加加林"号,这是为纪念50年前代表人类执行首次飞天任务的航天员加加林而特意命名的。     

大型降落伞开伞过程中的“抽鞭”现象

＂抽鞭＂现象是在大型降落伞开伞过程中可能的顶部甩动现象,它可能造成伞衣破损、不对称充气、伞衣翻转、鞭打等后果,严重时可能造成回收任务完全失败。该文对美国回收系统降落伞开伞过程中出现的＂抽鞭＂现象及其后果进行了综述,并介绍了避免＂抽鞭＂现象的途径。目前对这一现象的机理还缺乏深入研究,有必要从理论和设计上对其进行分析。     

英汉"移觉"修辞格探究

英语的Synaeathesia和汉语的“移觉”是表现力很强的修辞格，论述了移觉“同”移就”，“拈连”的区别以及“移觉”与其他辞格兼用的问题，提出了英语的metaphor应包含汉语的“隐喻”，“借喻”和“比拟”。     

对"毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和''''三个代表''''重要思想概论"课程建设的思考

按上级有关精神,桂林航专在2005级新生已全面执行“思政课”课程新方案。要求必须统一认识,加强教师队伍建设,用专题授课方案充实教学内容、改进教学方式和方法,实施“概论”课课程建设。