二维振动结构的颗粒阻尼实验

采用非接触式激光测振仪对自由端附有空腔的L型悬臂梁进行了颗粒阻尼减振实验,考查了空腔尺寸对颗粒阻尼的影响规律,得到了二维颗粒阻尼的相关特性.结果表明:①非线性的颗粒阻尼能够显著地抑制结构振动,且阻尼值至少比金属材料阻尼大一个数量级;②二维颗粒阻尼在各个方向上具有相似的阻尼特性,随无量纲加速度的增加,颗粒阻尼先增大后减小...     

轮体结构颗粒阻尼器设计方法

利用离散元法及正交设计方法,对典型轮体结构发生伞形振动时的二维等效振动模型进行了空腔尺寸及颗粒填充方案的数值设计,并结合振动试验结果给出了轮体结构颗粒阻尼器的设计流程及设计准则.研究表明:1建立的二维等效振动模型在能够反映轮体结构伞形振动基本特征的同时,也可以较为准确地模拟内部颗粒运动对结构产生的影响;2颗粒阻尼对轮体结构的振动有明显的改善作用,但填充不同材质的颗粒,其减振效果会有较为明显的区别;3空腔的尺寸及颗粒的质量率对颗粒阻尼的影响显著,应首先保证的是较高的颗粒质量率;4由于碰撞间隙的作用,对于固定规格的空腔和颗粒,存在最佳颗粒体积填充率使得颗粒阻尼的减振效果最佳.由试验与数值模拟的最佳方案的一致性可知,发展的设计方法可以较为准确地给出轮体结构颗粒阻尼器的最优空腔尺寸及其对应的最佳填充方法,可用于轮体结构伞形振动减振方案的前期设计.     

阻尼器颗粒层高度对阻尼特性的影响

颗粒阻尼技术是指将金属或非金属颗粒物质按某一填充率放入振动结构的空腔(或附加空腔)内,结构在振动过程中,诱发颗粒物质之间以及颗粒物质与空腔壁间的非弹性碰撞和摩擦产生阻尼效应的振动被动控制技术。近几十年来国内外学者对颗粒阻尼或者颗粒物质进     

潜入式喷管对固体火箭发动机工作稳定性影响

为了揭示潜入式喷管对固体火箭发动机工作稳定性的影响,基于VKI(Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics)模型发动机,利用大涡模拟数值方法与脉冲衰减法,计算分析了潜入式喷管对涡声耦合特性及喷管阻尼的影响。结果表明:在存在障碍物旋涡脱落的条件下,潜入式空腔能够加剧涡声耦合强度,继而诱发明显的压力振荡,含有潜入式空腔模型内的压力振幅是不含潜入式空腔模型下的4倍左右;潜入式喷管削弱了发动机的阻尼特性,无潜入式空腔的喷管阻尼比含潜入式空腔的喷管阻尼提高了8.6%左右,而且喷管阻尼随着潜入式空腔体积的增大基本呈线性减小趋势。潜入式喷管一般而言不利于发动机工作稳定性。     

背压脉动引起的超声速进气道流固耦合振动分析

冲压发动机燃烧室压力脉动对进气道形成背压脉动,影响了进气道内流动的稳定性。采用数值仿真方法,研究了背压脉动作用下超声速进气道内非定常流动与局部弹性壁板的流固耦合振动问题,分析了壁板阻尼对进气道流固耦合振动问题的影响。结果表明,弹性壁板振动形成了"动态空腔"效应,大幅降低了激波串振荡幅值,增加了非定常流动稳定性。其中,无阻尼弹性壁板模型的激波串振荡幅值下降为刚性壁板模型结果的45.6%。通过增加壁板阻尼的方式,能够增强壁板振动的"动态空腔"效应。当刚度比例阻尼系数为10~(-4)时,激波串振荡幅值降为刚性壁板模型结果的43.7%。     

基于悬臂梁的颗粒阻尼实验

以填充颗粒的悬臂梁为研究对象,研究了结构阻尼随颗粒各参数呈非线性变化的特性;同时,还系统研究了颗粒参数和结构参数的变化对结构减振效果的影响规律。研究结果表明:颗粒阻尼可以使得梁的阻尼比最大增加到492%;颗粒密度越大减振效果越好;在填充率为70%左右时系统的阻尼比最大;在振幅较大的位置打孔洞填入颗粒材料时,颗粒减振效果较好。      

基于稳态能量流法识别半主动颗粒阻尼损耗因子的实验

通过稳态能量流法推导了半主动颗粒阻尼损耗因子与响应的关系,采用实验方法识别了半主动颗粒阻尼的损耗因子。分别研究了颗粒填充率和通电电压对半主动颗粒阻尼损耗因子的影响规律。研究结果表明:增大通电电压能提高半主动颗粒阻尼的损耗因子,损耗因子在到达一定电压后逐渐趋于稳定;半主动颗粒阻尼的损耗因子随着颗粒填充率的增加而增大,但颗粒填充率在达到70%以后,半主动颗粒阻尼的损耗因子增幅变缓并逐渐趋于稳定。     

带颗粒减振剂的碰撞阻尼的理论与实验

以两颗粒弹塑性碰撞耗能模型为基础,建立了带颗粒夹击的两球碰撞模型,在此基础上提出了带颗粒减振剂的碰撞阻尼的计算模型,模拟了在带颗粒减振剂的碰撞阻尼作用下的悬臂梁的减振性能.同时对悬臂梁在带颗粒减振剂的碰撞阻尼作用下的减振效果进行实验研究,理论计算结果与实验结果在振动周期、转折点、振幅及共振点迁移等方面均相吻合,验证了提出的模型.得到了以下结论:①带颗粒减振剂的碰撞阻尼的计算模型是可靠的;②带颗粒减振剂的碰撞阻尼具有优秀的减振性能,远远超过单体碰撞阻尼;③带颗粒减振剂的碰撞阻尼对于减小负阻尼的不利影响具有一定的帮助.      

设置空腔的超声速燃烧室流场数值模拟

用数值解二维 N- S动量守恒、能量及组分守恒方程 ,模拟了一个设置空腔的超燃燃烧室流场参数分布及性能。计算结果表明 ,空腔扩大了超燃燃烧室的火焰稳定工作范围 ,并提高了燃烧效率。在计算的燃烧室进口状态下 ,空腔内的平均温度、压力取决于空腔内的平均混气比 ,当混气比接近于恰当比时 ,空腔对燃烧室性能影响最大     

一种叶片缘板阻尼器二维耦合振动的分析方法

采用带滑动触点的并联弹簧来模拟二维平面运动时叶片-阻尼器间的干摩擦接触,建立一种二维局部滑动摩擦接触模型.在叶片缘板处附加两个相互垂直的弹簧阻尼单元来模拟叶片振动时的二维干摩擦力建立B-G(blade-ground)型叶片-缘板阻尼器有限元模型.结合两个模型提出二维耦合振动时叶片缘板阻尼器减振特性的分析方法.算例分析表明在工作频率附近,存在一个正压力的范围使得二维耦合振动时叶片稳态幅值减振效果最好,频率对稳态幅值减振特性无明显影响.分析方法适用于各种复杂平面摩擦接触时叶片缘板阻尼器耦合振动的分析.      

颗粒阻尼对直升机旋翼桨叶减振效果的试验

 为探索直升机减振技术的新方法,研究颗粒阻尼技术在直升机旋翼桨叶减振中的应用,设计了直升机旋翼桨叶模型及其相应的颗粒阻尼器形式,利用试验方法研究了颗粒阻尼对非旋转及旋转桨叶模型的阻尼减振效果。试验结果表明：颗粒阻尼可以有效提高非旋转桨叶模型的前3阶阻尼水平,尤其可使桨叶第3阶模态阻尼比提高一个数量级甚至更多;在较低的转速范围内,颗粒阻尼还可以克服离心力作用,使旋转桨叶模型的挥舞和摆振加速度响应水平均得到有效削减,充分表明了颗粒阻尼作为一种振动控制手段应用于直升机旋翼桨叶的可行性。     

Damping of Ni-Mn-Ga epoxy resin composites

By combining the advantages of effcient damping and high mechanical properties,Ni-Mn-Ga particle composites have a very good prospect for applications in damping structure design.In this paper,a ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni-Mn-Ga composite is prepared.Ni-Mn-Ga particle/bisphenol-A epoxy composite cantilever beam vibration tests under a magnetic feld and without the magnetic feld are conducted to analyze the structural damping ratios n.Meanwhile,the damping characteristics of the Ni-Mn-Ga composite are studied through the axial loading-unloading method and the acoustic emission signals method.The damping coeffcient of the composite for different Ni-Mn-Ga volume fractions is obtained.The interface properties of the composite are discussed by micro examination and axial loading.The relationships between the damping of the composite and that of the component materials are discussed.The specifc damping capacity（SDC）and acoustic emission counts diagram of different specimens with different Ni-Mn-Ga volume fractions are analyzed.     

复杂装药固体火箭发动机工作过程中阻尼特性分析

为了获得复杂装药发动机工作过程中阻尼特性的变化规律，首先利用有限元分析方法对不同工作时刻时的燃烧室声腔结构进行了数值仿真计算，得到复杂装药发动机工作过程中的声模态及其变化规律；基于此，计算并分析了复杂装药发动机装药燃烧过程中常见阻尼因素的变化规律，结果表明，喷管阻尼系数与壁面阻尼系数占总阻尼系数百分比逐渐减小，相反微粒阻尼系数占总阻尼系数的百分比逐渐增大，在发动机工作后期,发动机阻尼系数最小，从而导致发动机后期的工作稳定性较差，小扰动易被扩大为大扰动; 在发动机的所有阻尼中，喷管阻尼在发动机工作初期起主导作用，而微粒阻尼在工作后期起主导作用。     

快速凝固/粉末冶金工艺Al-Fe-Mo-Si基复合阻尼材料阻尼性能与机制

通过对材料动态力学性能的测试,研究了采用快速凝固/粉末冶金工艺制备的Al-Fe-Mo-Si基复合阻尼材料Al-Fe-Mo-Si/Zn-Al和Al-Fe-Mo-Si/Al/Zn Al的阻尼性能,并对其阻尼机制进行了讨论。结果表明:在20～250℃的温度范围内,两种材料的阻尼性能(Q-1)处于(0.5～3.1)×10-2之间,复合有较多Zn Al且挤压比较大的Al Fe Mo-Si/Zn-Al的阻尼性能要优于Al-Fe-Mo-Si/Al/Zn-Al。低温时由大挤压变形引入的高密度位错阻尼在材料内耗机制中占据主导地位,而在高温区界面阻尼的影响逐渐增加,同时由于热激活作用,位错阻尼随着温度的升高表现出不同的作用机制,二者共同决定着材料的内耗特性。     

A comparative study on acoustic damping induced by half-wave, quarter-wave, and Helmholtz resonators

The damping characteristics of three-type resonators, a half-wave, a quarter-wave, and a Helmholtz resonator are studied experimentally by adopting linear acoustic test. A quantitative acoustic property of sound absorption coefficient in a model enclosure with the resonators is measured and thereby, the acoustic-damping capacity of a resonator is characterized. For a comparative study on acoustic damping, the damping capacity of a half-wave resonator is compared with that of the other resonators. A half-wave and a quarter-wave resonators have the same damping mechanism, but a quarter-wave resonator has much larger damping capacity than a half-wave resonator with the same diameter of a single resonator. It is found that shorter length of a resonator has the advantage of longer one with respect to the damping capacity. The damping capacity of a Helmholtz resonator increases with cavity volume and does as the orifice length decreases. A Helmholtz resonator has the highest damping capacity of three-type resonators and a half-wave resonator has the lowest. Besides, a Helmholtz resonator requires the smallest number of resonators for optimal damping. The design criterion of each resonator on the optimal damping is provided by the normalized parameter of open-area ratio and the similarity behavior for the optimal damping is observed for various enclosure diameters.     

Rotordynamic characteristics prediction for scallop damper seals using computational fluid dynamics

Enhancing damping characteristic is one of the effective methods to solve the instability problem of the rotor system. The three-dimensional numerical analysis model of scallop damper seal was established, and the effects of inlet pressures, preswirl ratios, rotational speeds, interlaced angles and seal cavity depths on the rotordynamic characteristics of scallop damper seal were studied based on dynamic mesh method and multi-frequencies elliptic whirling model. Results show that the direct stiffness of the scallop damper seal increases with decreasing inlet pressure and increasing rotational speed and cavity depth. When the seal cavity is interlaced by a certain angle, which shows positive direct stiffness. The effective damping of the scallop damper seal increases with the increasing inlet pressure, the decreasing preswirl ratio and the rotational speed and cavity depth. There exists an optimal interlaced angle to maximize the effective damping and the system stability. The leakage of the scallop damper seal is significantly reduced with decreasing inlet pressure. The preswirl will reduce the leakage flowrate, and the rotational speed has a slight effect on the leakage performance. The leakage of the scallop damper seal decreases with increasing seal cavity depth.